A Heterostructure Coupling of Bioinspired,Adhesive Polydopamine,and Porous Prussian Blue Nanocubics as Cathode for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery

Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues are recognized as promising cathodes for rechargeable batteries intended for application in low‐cost and large‐scale electric energy storage. With respect to PB cathodes, however, their intrinsic crystal regularity, vacancies, and coordinated water will lead to low specific capacity and poor rate performance, impeding their application. Herein, nanocubic porous Na_xFeFe(CN)₆ coated with polydopamine (PDA) as a coupling layer to improve its electrochemical performance is reported, inspired by the excellent adhesive property of PDA. As a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries, the Na_xFeFe(CN)₆ electrode coupled with PDA delivers a reversible capacity of 93.8 mA h g^?1 after 500 cycles at 0.2 A g^?1, and a discharge capacity of 72.6 mA h g^?1 at 5.0 A g^?1. The sodium storage mechanism of this Na_xFeFe(CN)₆ coupled with PDA is revealed via in situ Raman spectroscopy. The first‐principles computational results indicate that Fe^II sites in PB prefer to couple with the robust PDA layer to stabilize the PB structure. Moreover, the sodium‐ion migration in the PB structure is enhanced after coating with PDA, thus improving the sodium storage properties. Both experiments and computational simulations present guidelines for the rational design of nanomaterials as electrodes for energy storage devices.     

材料电子显微分析与应用

电子显微分析就电子束形式可分为扫描电子分析和透射电子分析两大类,就分析类别可分为显微形貌分析、成分分析和结构分析三部分。并论述了材料电子显微分析常用的技术以及应用实例。     

A Focused Laser Beam:A Useful and Versatile Tool for 1D Nanomaterials Research:A Review

One-dimensional(1D) nanomaterials have generated considerable interest amongst researchers because of their potential as fundamental building block in future nano- and micro-electronic devices.In this article,we present a review of a focused laser beam system as a versatile tool for the manipulation,structural transformation,micropatterning and chemical modification of 1D nanomaterials.This tool was found to be effective in patterning and modifying various physical and chemical properties of the pristine1 D nanomaterials.It also aids in the fabrication process of heterostructures and 1D nanomaterial based devices.Finally,we present the implementation of the focused laser beam setup as a valuable tool in the study of the origins and photoresponse mechanism of the 1D nanomaterial devices.     

Hydrogel Bioink Reinforcement for Additive Manufacturing: A Focused Review of Emerging Strategies

Bioprinting is an emerging approach for fabricating cell-laden 3D scaffolds via robotic deposition of cells and biomaterials into custom shapes and patterns to replicate complex tissue architectures. Bioprinting uses hydrogel solutions called bioinks as both cell carriers and structural components, requiring bioinks to be highly printable while providing a robust and cell-friendly microenvironment. Unfortunately, conventional hydrogel bioinks have not been able to meet these requirements and are mechanically weak due to their heterogeneously crosslinked networks and lack of energy dissipation mechanisms. Advanced bioink designs using various methods of dissipating mechanical energy are aimed at developing next-generation cellularized 3D scaffolds to mimic anatomical size, tissue architecture, and tissue-specific functions. These next-generation bioinks need to have high print fidelity and should provide a biocompatible microenvironment along with improved mechanical properties. To design these advanced bioink formulations, it is important to understand the structure–property–function relationships of hydrogel networks. By specifically leveraging biophysical and biochemical characteristics of hydrogel networks, high performance bioinks can be designed to control and direct cell functions. In this review article, current and emerging approaches in hydrogel design and bioink reinforcement techniques are critically evaluated. This bottom-up perspective provides a materials-centric approach to bioink design for 3D bioprinting.     

弱束暗场技术及其应用

本文介绍了弱束暗场技术的基本原理,讨论了弱束衍射条件的实现和实验中的注意事项,介绍了该技术在材料研究中的广泛应用,并用此技术观察分析了LC~9铝合金时效及形变时效后细小析出相的形态和~(08)F钢形变软氮化后存在于位错上的细小第二相。     

材料科学中的数理化与高新技术交叉

从材料科学角度了发，系统阐述了从工业生产到材料开发，从材料科学进步到新研究方法创立等问题，重点强调了材料中多学科交叉的前因后果和实施及理化测试的重要性等。     

钕玻璃脉冲激光材料表面改性处理及其应用

本文论述了激光材料表面改性处理的发展概况及钕玻璃脉冲激光用于材料表面改性处理的特点。给出了MG-1型钕玻璃脉冲激光热处理的性能及其应用结果。     

稳恒强磁场技术的发展及其在材料科学中的应用

综述了稳恒强磁场发生技术的发展及其在材料科学中的应用，超导强磁体经济实用，成为强磁场材料科学研究的首选设备，强磁场能够显著改变材料的相变过程，组织取向和流体流动状况，利用强磁场的这些作用有可能形成多种材料制备过程的强场控制理论和控制技术。     

Building Bridges to Material Properties in General Chemistry Laboratories: A Model for Integration Across Disciplines

Many engineering students enter and exit general chemistry courses with little appreciation of chemistry's relevance to other fields. At WPI many of these students go on to take introductory materials science and arrive with poor attitudes about chemistry and little retention of key concepts, but then become more engaged as they discover connections to engineering applications. Consequently, instructors in chemistry and mechanical engineering collaborated to augment general chemistry laboratories with explicit “bridges” to material properties and applications. Evaluation results showed that while students' attitudes toward chemistry were unaffected by bridging, particular aspects of the students' lab experience were enhanced to a statistically significant degree. Similar cross‐disciplinary collaborations might be considered elsewhere as a means of helping students find meaning and integrate subject matter, in a manner that is more feasible than large‐scale course or curriculum restructuring.     

Artificial Intelligence in Material Engineering: A Review on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Material Engineering

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in material science and engineering (MSE) is becoming increasingly important as AI technology advances. The development of high-performance computing has made it possible to test deep learning (DL) models with significant parameters, providing an opportunity to overcome the limitation of traditional computational methods, such as density functional theory (DFT), in property prediction. Machine learning (ML)-based methods are faster and more accurate than DFT-based methods. Furthermore, the generative adversarial networks (GANs) have facilitated the generation of chemical compositions of inorganic materials without using crystal structure information. These developments have significantly impacted material engineering (ME) and research. Some of the latest developments in AI in ME herein are reviewed. First, the development of AI in the critical areas of ME, such as in material processing, the study of structure and material property, and measuring the performance of materials in various aspects, is discussed. Then, the significant methods of AI and their uses in MSE, such as graph neural network, generative models, transfer of learning, etc. are discussed. The use of AI to analyze the results from existing analytical instruments is also discussed. Finally, AI's advantages, disadvantages, and future in ME are discussed.     

光电化学传感器及其在生物分析中的应用研究进展

光电化学传感器是近年来发展起来的一种基于化学或生物识别过程的分析设备,因具有响应快速、灵敏度高、设备简单、价格低廉且易于微型化等优点,在生命分析和环境分析等领域受到了广泛关注。首先介绍了光电化学传感器的基本原理、分类及用于构建该类传感器的光电活性纳米材料,在此基础上进一步综述了光电化学传感器在生物分析中的应用,如用于DNA检测、免疫传感及酶分析等。     

含碳浇注料用鳞片石墨的表面改性技术综述

不定形耐火材料由于具有施工方便、整体性好及无需高温烧成等一系列优点而得到广泛应用,鳞片石墨的引入可显著提高耐火材料的热震稳定性和抗渣侵蚀性,但鳞片石墨较差的水润湿性与分散性使其难以直接在浇注料中加以应用,限制了含碳浇注料的发展。石墨表面改性是解决上述问题的有效途径。文章综述了近年来石墨表面改性的研究进展,包括采用溶胶-凝胶法在石墨表面形成二元氧化物(如Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TiO_2及ZrO_2)涂层或三元复合氧化物(如MgAl_2O_4、莫来石及铝酸钙等)涂层,通过高温原位反应在石墨表面形成碳化物(如SiC及TiC等)涂层,以及采用合适的表面活性剂来改善鳞片石墨的水润湿性等。分析了表面改性石墨在含碳浇注料中的应用研究状况,对鳞片石墨的表面改性方法、改性层的形成机理及影响因素进行了简要总结,最后从改善表面涂层与石墨基体间的结合方式、降低能耗的先进加热方式及选取高效的表面活性剂等方面对含碳浇注料的未来发展作了展望。     

设计学用户研究的多学科知识系统综述

目的 梳理设计学用户研究态势,挖掘其知识基础与结构,厘清其研究流程与应用范畴。方法 运用科学计量法,对国内外设计相关用户研究文献     

Polycapillary Optics for Materials Science Studies: Instrumental Effects and Their Correction

The instrumental effects related to the use of a polycapillary x-ray lens as primary beam collimator are here studied and the features observed in the measurements modelled via Monte-Carlo ray-tracing. Comparison with existing procedures is presented and experimental evidence of the accuracy improvements due to the use of a correction algorithm is shown.     

A Comprehensive Review on Barium Titanate Nanoparticles as a Persuasive Piezoelectric Material for Biomedical Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Stimulation of cells with electrical cues is an imperative approach to interact with biological systems and has been exploited in clinical practices over a wide range of pathological ailments. This bioelectric interface has been extensively explored with the help of piezoelectric materials, leading to remarkable advancement in the past two decades. Among other members of this fraternity, colloidal perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO₃) has gained substantial interest due to its noteworthy properties which includes high dielectric constant and excellent ferroelectric properties along with acceptable biocompatibility. Significant progression is witnessed for BaTiO₃ nanoparticles (BaTiO₃ NPs) as potent candidates for biomedical applications and in wearable bioelectronics, making them a promising personal healthcare platform. The current review highlights the nanostructured piezoelectric bio interface of BaTiO₃ NPs in applications comprising drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices. Particular attention has been dedicated toward the fabrication routes of BaTiO₃ NPs along with different approaches for its surface modifications. This review offers a comprehensive discussion on the utility of BaTiO₃ NPs as active devices rather than passive structural unit behaving as carriers for biomolecules. The employment of BaTiO₃ NPs presents new scenarios and opportunity in the vast field of nanomedicines for biomedical applications.     

贝壳珍珠层及其仿生应用

综述了贝壳珍珠层结构及其文石晶体的结晶学取向特征，并概述了珍珠层中参与调控生物矿化的有机基质的结构和功能方面的最新研究进展。从裂纹偏转、纤维拔出、有机基质桥连及矿物桥的作用等方面对珍珠层的高韧性机制进行了讨论。同时介绍了珍珠层的微结构特征及其特殊的组装方式在仿生材料制备方面的应用。     

海洋环境下钢材表面镀铝工艺的研究进展

钢材作为基础性结构材料被广泛应用于海洋工程领域,随着国家对海洋开发的支持力度不断加大,对应用于此环境下的钢材的需求也不断增加。但是,暴露于苛刻海洋环境下的钢材极易与周围的含氯、硫等介质发生反应而受到严重腐蚀,同时,潮汐、日照、溶解氧、微生物以及深海压力和热液带来的高温等环境条件也会加速钢材的腐蚀,严重影响海洋工程设施的服役安全、寿命以及可靠性。 因此,对钢材进行表面处理提高其耐腐蚀性能成为研究热点,其中涂层制备技术是最常用的腐蚀控制方法。铝及铝合金在腐蚀环境及高温氧化环境下表面可以形成一层致密的氧化膜,是一种常用的耐腐蚀涂层材料,通过不同工艺在钢材表面制备的铝涂层已达到了长效的防腐蚀效果。 目前,制备铝涂层的工艺主要有热浸镀法、电镀法、包埋渗铝法及热喷涂法等。热浸镀铝工艺因操作简单、成本低廉而被广泛应用于海洋平台、海洋码头、桥梁等海洋基础设施。电镀铝工艺制备的涂层厚度、组织、形貌可控,可以实现在微小零件上的精准沉积。新型绿色环保的离子液体体系的开发,在提高电镀效率和涂层质量的同时降低了对环境的污染。粉末包埋渗铝制备的涂层具有极高的抗高温氧化性能,被广泛应用于海洋油气开采工程。低温包埋渗铝工艺可避免传统渗铝工艺高温导致的钢材力学性能下降。此外,浆料渗铝以及气相渗铝等工艺的开发拓宽了渗铝工艺的应用领域。热喷涂工艺在海洋环境下应用最为广泛,所制备的铝涂层具有极高的耐腐蚀性能,其中火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂、冷喷涂等工艺能够实现新型防腐蚀铝涂层的设计与制备。 本文针对海洋环境下应用的钢材,详细介绍了在其表面镀铝工艺的研究进展,包括热浸镀、电镀、包埋渗铝和热喷涂等,并对不同镀铝工艺在海洋环境下的应用及发展方向做了展望。