Impact of minimal processing on orange bioactive compounds during refrigerated storage

The effect of minimal processing on the health-related attributes of orange fruit was investigated. Oranges were prepared as whole fruits, hand-peeled fruits and manually separated segments, packed under air atmosphere and stored at 4 °C for 12 days. The stability of main bioactive compounds (carotenoids, flavanones and vitamin C) and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The total carotenoid content showed a significant increase for the whole samples during refrigerated storage, whereas no significant changes were observed for segments or peeled samples. A similar trend was found for vitamin A. With regard to vitamin C, at the end of refrigerated storage, some losses were observed although no significant differences were found among the different processed samples. The flavanone content showed a significant increase throughout refrigerated storage as response to cold stress. In general, the antioxidant activity remained stable in relation to the initial values. Hence, the health-related characteristics of minimally processed oranges were retained during refrigerated storage.     

Relation between bioactive compounds and free radical‐scavenging capacity in berry fruits during frozen storage

In this work the correlation between the free radical‐scavenging capacity and bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, ellagic acid, total phenolics and vitamin C) in four Spanish raspberry cultivars (Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Zeva and Rubi) and Spanish wild blackberry as affected by freezing and frozen storage was evaluated. From this mathematical study a significant correlation was obtained between the radical‐scavenging capacity and the anthocyanin and total phenolic contents in both raspberry (r = 0.85 and 0.83 respectively) and blackberry (r = 0.84 and 0.68 respectively) fruits, but no correlation was found between this parameter and the ellagic acid and vitamin C contents. A key objective of this study was to select the raspberry cultivar most suitable for freezing preservation in terms of the stability of its health‐promoting constituents. A two‐dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) of the raspberry cultivars explained 82% of the total variance of the factors mentioned above. The early raspberry cultivars (Heritage and Autumn Bliss) showed a lower content of bioactive compounds and lower radical‐scavenging capacity, while the late cultivars (Zeva and Rubi) showed higher values, and these differences were clearly displayed by the PCA. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Changes in the fatty acid composition of dietetic ready-to-cook chicken meat products during frozen storage

A study was made on the fatty acid composition of dietetic ready-to-cook products of boneless chicken legs or breasts prepared by curing using several curing mixtures during frozen storage. Leg muscles were found to be richer in unsaturated fatty acids than breast muscles, substantial differences having been found in the contents of palmitoleic and linolenic acids. During frozen storage, the contents of unsaturated fatty acids were reduced, especially intensively in the leg muscle ready-to-cook products. The fastest changes occurred in linolenic and linolic acids and partly in palmitic acid. The level of oleic acid remained substantially unchanged throughout the storage period. Irrespective of the changes found, the ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in all the groups studied remained greater than 1 for both types of meat. The application of citrate in the curing mixture had a favourable effect on the changes, in that a minimum alteration in the contents of unsaturated fatty acids was achieved.     

Change of volatile compounds in fresh fish meat during ice storage

Abstract: The change of volatile compounds in fresh fish meat during 3‐ to 4‐d ice storage was investigated for several fishes using an electronic nose system and a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer (GC/MS) with headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME). Principal component analyses for samples using the electronic nose system revealed that the increase of some volatile compounds during storage was rapid in sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus); moderate in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), and young oriental bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). In contrast to these fishes, the change was little in “white meat” fishes such as red seabream (Chrysophrys major), Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus), flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus), puffer (Lagocephalus wheeleri), and bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus). SPME‐GC/MS analysis showed that some aldehydes and alcohols such as 1‐heptanol, (E)‐2‐octenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐pentanol, (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal,2,4‐hexadienal, 1‐hexanol, 4‐heptenal, and so forth increased rapidly in jack mackerel and chub mackerel, slowly in skipjack, and a little in red seabream and puffer during the storage. The increase of these compounds was considered to have an effect on the change of electronic nose response. Hexanal was a dominant compound increased from the beginning of the storage in jack mackerel. The increase of volatile compounds was little in red seabream and puffer. The increase of these aldehydes and alcohols was thought to be an appropriate marker for monitoring the freshness of “fresh” fish except for white meat fish. Practical Application: The results of this study are ready to apply for preventing fishy off‐flavor of fisheries products. Lipid oxidative derivatives other than trimethylamine contributed to fresh fish flavor; therefore, to prevent lipid oxidation seemed important.     

Quantitation of bioactive compounds in citrus fruits cultivated in Taiwan

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of bioactive compounds in the edible portions of eight varieties of citrus fruits (Ponkan, Tonkan, Murcott, Wendun, Peiyou, Kumquat, Liucheng, and Lemon) cultivated in Taiwan. The amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid exceeded that of total carotenoid. Hesperidin was the major flavanone, which abounded in Liucheng and Tonkan (5.36 ± 0.145 and 4.13 ± 0.050 mg/g db, respectively). Naringin abounded in Peiyou and Wendun (1250 ± 0.82 and 2205 ± 11.1 μg/g db, respectively). Diosmin was the major flavone, and Kumquat (0.699 ± 0.021 mg/g db) and Lemon (0.323 ± 0.004 mg/g db) had the highest contents. Kaempferol was the most abundant flavanol except in Wendun, Peiyou, and Kumquat, and Murcott had the highest content (1.04 ± 0.007 mg/g db). Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acid, and Wendun and Lemon had the highest contents (103 ± 11.5 and 92.6 ± 8.90 μg/g db, respectively). β-Cryptoxanthin was the main carotenoid (0.764 ± 0.031–6.67 ± 0.329 μg/g db), followed by β-carotene (0.435 ± 0.016–3.77 ± 0.154 μg/g db), and these two compounds abounded in Murcott. Tonkan, Wendun, Peiyou, and Lemon had high levels of ascorbic acid. Total pectin levels ranged from 40.4 ± 1.65 to 87.3 ± 3.69 mg/g db.     

生物活性包装技术在肉制品保鲜中的应用

为抑制鲜肉及其制品表面腐败菌和病原菌的生长与繁殖,生物活性包装技术的运用前景广阔.与抗菌化合物直接与食品混合法不同,生物活性包装是将抗菌刑加入到包装材料中,通过蒸发平衡或迁移过程作用于内制品表面的微生物,延长产品的货架期,提高肉制品的食用安全性.目前主要的生物活性包装技术有:生物活性试剂生成剂小袋与肉制品一起包装,生物活性物质直接混合到包装材料中,将生物活性物质涂或喷到包装材料的表面,具有成膜特性的抗菌大分子以及生物活性可食性膜的使用.     

Cholesterol oxide, cholesterol, total lipid and fatty acid contents in processed meat products during storage

The effects of storage time on the formation of cholesterol oxides and on alterations in the fatty acid composition of processed meat products manufactured by Brazilian industries were investigated in this study. Cholesterol oxides and cholesterol were determined by HPLC using photodiode array and refractive index detectors. Samples of jerked beef, Italian-type salami, chicken mortadella and Chester mortadella were analysed at 30 day intervals starting at zero time, for 90 days for the mortadella and 120 days for the jerked beef and salami. The mortadellas were stored under refrigeration at 6 °C and the jerked beef and salami at room temperature, but protected from the light. No cholesterol oxides were formed during the storage time in any of the samples. The cholesterol content, the fatty acid composition and total lipid contents showed no significant differences during storage with the exception of the total lipid content of the jerked beef, which varied from 3.5 at zero time to 2.4 g/100 g after 120 days storage.     

水杨酸处理对梅杏采后贮藏品质的影响

以梅杏为试材,用浓度为0.3、0.5、1.0g/L水杨酸（SA）溶液（清水为对照）浸果实20min后进行冷藏,研究水杨酸处理对梅杏采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,0.5g/L水杨酸处理能够较好地降低梅杏的呼吸强度和失重率,抑制细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量的增加,保持较高的硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、VC含量,减少梅杏腐烂发生,从而延长贮藏期。     

罐罐肉加工与贮藏过程中挥发性物质变化的研究

为了探明雅安罐罐肉挥发性物质的变化规律,本研究以不同加工与贮藏阶段的罐罐肉为对象,用同时蒸馏萃取结合气相色谱/质谱法对挥发性化合物进行分析。结果显示,罐罐肉在加工与贮藏过程中共检测出120种挥发性物质,醇、醛、酮、烃、酰胺、酯是主要成分,其中以己醛和2,4-癸二烯醛为主的醛类物质相对含量最高（最高达64.42%）。在加工过程中醛、酮、酯显著增加,并检测出酰胺类物质。在贮藏过程中醇、醛、酮的相对含量整体呈现下降趋势,烃类、酰胺类、酯类和其他化合物的相对含量整体呈上升趋势,并新产生了（2E）-2-十一碳烯醛、甲酸己酯、（Z）-9-十八烯酸酰胺和2-戊基呋喃等物质。      

柑橘果实防治慢性疾病及其活性评价方法研究进展

柑橘果实含丰富生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗癌、预防循环系统疾病、抗炎症、抗过敏以及抗菌等活性,其医药和保健功能受到关注,柑橘生物活性物质的功能评价成为热点问题。本文系统地回顾了近年来柑橘果实生物活性与疾病防治的有关研究报道,总结了柑橘果实主要的生物活性及其评价方法的研究现状,旨在为进一步开发利用我国丰富的柑橘资源提供新信息。     

Nutritional bioactive compounds and technological aspects of minor fruits grown in Brazil

Brazil is one of the three major fruit producers in the world. Native and/or exotic Brazilian fruits have great nutritional and economic potential. Eggfruit, blackberry, Brazilian guava, atemoya, bacuri, sweetsop, starfruit, feijoa, cactus pear, fruit of wolf, breadfruit, jaboticaba, jackfruit, rose apple, lychee, mangaba and marolo are already present in the Brazilian diet, but they are not yet industrialized and are minor agricultural products. These fruits are produced and used in the manufacture of handicraft products such as jellies and sweets that are available in free markets, but production is small-scale and without safe operational procedures. These fruits are seasonal with large postharvest losses. Thus, it is necessary to initiate competitive agribusinesses in the producing regions for these fruits to enhance local economies. This review summarizes the major nutritional and bioactive compounds found in these fruits, the technological aspects of their cultivation, and future prospects for introducing consumption of these fruits and their respective products to Brazilian and/or foreign markets.     

柑橘果实防治慢性疾病及其活性评价方法研究进展

柑橘果实含丰富生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗癌、预防循环系统疾病、抗炎症、抗过敏以及抗菌等活性,其医药和保健功能受到关注,柑橘生物活性物质的功能评价成为热点问题。本文系统地回顾了近年来柑橘果实生物活性与疾病防治的有关研究报道,总结了柑橘果实主要的生物活性及其评价方法的研究现状,旨在为进一步开发利用我国丰富的柑橘资源提供新信息。      

Evolution of aroma compounds of murtilla fruits (Ugni molinae Turcz) during storage

BACKGROUND: ‘Murtilla’, ‘mutilla’ or ‘murta’ (Ugni molinae Turcz) is a native Chilean species that produces a small berry fruit with a special aroma, whose volatile compounds have not yet been identified. The fruit may be consumed raw and also as jams, juice, canned products, confections and liquor. RESULTS: At the beginning and end of the storage, 24 volatile compounds were identified in murtilla fruit aroma and the concentration of these compounds in murtilla fruit ranged from 1.2 to 250.5 µg kg^?1 fresh weight. Methyl 2‐methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2‐methyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate were the major components, all of which have been reported as potent odors in other aromatic fruits. Based on estimated odor activity value, the most potent compound in the murtilla fruit aroma were ethyl hexanoate and 4‐methoxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐furan‐3‐one. The statistical analysis showed that the storage produced a distinct effect on the same volatile compounds released from the murtilla ecotypes. CONCLUSION: The volatile compounds identified in murtilla fruit aroma, which may be described as fruity, sweet and floral, have been found in other aromatic fruits. Concerning the aroma, the murtilla fruit from ecotype 19‐1 was shown to be the best in cooled storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of packaging material on pomegranate juice colour and bioactive compounds,during storage

Pomegranate juices were assessed after pasteurisation and storage in different packaging materials: transparent and green glass, and paperboard carton with polyethylene layers (Minibrik‐200). The main objective was to establish the influence of the container on the stability of colour and bioactive compounds (anthocyanins, ellagic acid and other non‐coloured phenols). Results showed that non‐coloured phenols and ellagic acid were quite stable during the storage period. In contrast, anthocyanins degraded, to an extent directly proportional to colour loss, less for those juices stored in glass bottles than for those stored in Minibrik. These results indicated that these paperboard carton containers are oxygen permeable, and that oxygen has a greater influence on anthocyanin, and consequently on colour degradation, than light on pomegranate juice during storage. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity was not influenced by the packaging material employed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

食品添加剂在肉制品保藏中的应用

介绍了肉制品保藏中常用的食品的添加剂的功能特性及其应用。     

肉制品风味物质分析及其在加工中变化的研究进展

风味是风味物质刺激人的感觉系统所产生,是评价肉制品品质的一项重要指标.通过对肉制品风味物质的提取、检测,进一步分析肉制品气味和滋味物质的组成、含量及形成途径,能更好地探究肉制品风味物质在加工过程中的变化,对肉制品的开发、风味的调和以及加工工艺的改进具有指导意义.本文综述了肉制品风味物质的产生途径,并分别阐述了固相微萃取...     

Stability of bioactive compounds in fruit jam and jelly during processing and storage: A review

BackgroundFruits are the rich source of bioactive compounds (vitamins, phenolics, carotenoids, and flavonoids) attributing to the antioxidant potential. To make these fruits available for consumption during off-season, the fruits are processed into shelf-stable products like jam and jellies. However, the bioactive compounds mostly decrease during processing and storage of these products. The loss may vary with the process severity (temperature and time of processing) and product composition (sugars, pectin, fruit, etc.).Scope and approachThe overall changes in bioactive compounds during processing and storage of jam and jellies have been summarized in this review. The factors affecting these differences and the mechanisms responsible for such reactions have been discussed in detail. It might be helpful to a food scientist or a food industry in improving the product with respect to its quality and for health implications altogether.Key findings and conclusionsThe presence of high sugar content and pectin with a low degree of esterification can preserve the bioactive compounds during thermal processing by reducing the adverse reactions in jam and by interacting with functional components through hydrogen or hydrophobic bonding. The change in bioactive compounds may continue during storage depending on storage conditions, where the storage temperature and duration have a significant effect. Lower the temperature of storage, better is the retention of biologically active compounds in jam and jelly. Encapsulation and use of non-thermal processing can be explored to preserve the bioactive compounds in food products against various adverse conditions.     

可食性膜在肉及肉制品保鲜贮藏中的应用研究进展

可食性膜是一种环境友好型材料,具有安全无毒,可生物降解,提高食品品质等优点,且可作为活性物质的载体,日益成为食品包装行业的研究热点。而肉类作为复合营养物质的载体,一直是人们膳食结构中的重要组成部分。鉴于此,文中介绍了多糖膜、蛋白膜、脂质膜及复合膜和功能性可食膜的性能特点及其在肉品中的应用形式,综述了国内外的可食膜在肉及肉制品保鲜贮藏中的最新研究进展,提出了可食膜目前存在的不足之处及未来的发展趋势,以期为肉品保鲜技术的发展和产业化应用提供理论依据。