基于面部识别的驾驶员疲劳危险驾驶检测系统

为了有效降低驾驶员疲劳驾驶、短时间未看道路等危险驾驶的概率,设计了以面部特征为研究对象的人脸识别的检测系统.该系统通过对面部识别以及眼睛和嘴的定位跟踪,提取面部疲劳信息,将跟踪的图像信息传输到OpenCV视觉库进行图像处理,通过一系列的算法对驾驶员疲劳、危险驾驶行为进行判断、疲劳值计算,最后通过安全警报模块对驾驶员给予警报提示.经实验测试,该系统满足车载、实时性、准确性的要求,能够快速的检测驾驶员的危险驾驶状态,具有一定的实用性.     

汽车驾驶技能的熟练形成

汽车驾校对学员的培训是为了学员能够熟练的掌握驾驶车辆开车的技巧。本文围绕汽车驾驶的基本操作和驾驶技能两个方面进行研讨,在快速掌握驾驶的技能和操作上进行深入阐述。每一个驾驶员都希望自己在最短的时间里,可以熟练的掌握驾驶技能。这个问题对于每一个驾驶员而言,都是至关重要的。     

驾驶员情绪-驾驶风险机理分析

通过研究驾驶员情绪来降低由情绪引发的事故风险一直是多学科研究的重要课题。针对驾驶员情绪、驾驶行为和驾驶风险之间的关系进行定性分析,阐述情绪对驾驶风险的影响过程机理,构建驾驶风险计算模型。为对驾驶员情绪-驾驶行为-驾驶风险之间的关系进行定量分析,采集驾驶员情绪诱导材料库,开展驾驶员多种情绪下的驾驶行为数据采集实验。通过对不同情绪下驾驶员情绪对驾驶行为影响的定量分析,建立驾驶行为与驾驶风险等级映射关系,阐明了驾驶员情绪对驾驶风险的影响机理。结果表明对于离散情绪,愤怒、恐惧、悲伤、惊讶与厌恶这几种情绪下的高风险比例较大;而中性与高兴情绪则表现出较低的高风险比例。对于维度情绪,在愉悦度、激活度和优势度三个维度上,低愉悦度和高愉悦度、低激活度和高激活度以及低优势度和高优势度下高风险比例较高。驾驶员情绪-驾驶风险机理分析结果将为设计驾驶员不同情绪的识别方案和调节策略提供重要依据,对智能网联汽车的决策规划等具有重要意义。     

应用驾训模拟器进行驾驶员处理突发事件的试验研究

在驾驶训练用模拟器所设定的环境中进行试验,从人体生理学方面测试分析了在经历突发性事件后驾驶员面部皮肤温度、心率及血压的变化,提出了人的面部皮肤温度分布差异及范围,对驾驶时驾驶员的生理状态进行客观的评价。     

XDS—1运动视力综合测试仪的研制

汽车行驶时,驾驶员同车体一起按一定的速度前进,也就是说驾驶员是在一定的相对速度条件下,观看道路环境中的物体,在这种运动状态下,驾驶员的视力称运动视力,研究表明,驾驶员的运动视力一般均低于静态视力,动视力与汽车行驶速度有关,速度越高衰减幅度越大,动视力对行车安全有显著的影响,为了准确测试出驾驶员的动态视力及视力的衰减程度,研制了本仪器。     

基于相空间重构的驾驶风格定量评估

驾驶风格评价是智能交通领域的重要研究课题,一般采用频域或时域的分析方法对其进行定性的分类和识别,缺乏客观定量的评价体系。提出一种基于相空间重构的驾驶风格定量分析方法。首先,采用汽车测试数据和局部性神经网络建立个性化的驾驶员模型;然后,将个性化驾驶员模型应用于标准驾驶周期测试工况的速度跟随试验,以实现驾驶行为的标准化;最后,对标准化驾驶行为进行相空间重构,提出一种基于关联维数的驾驶风格指数,用于定量评估驾驶的激进程度,并应用于驾驶员风格的识别,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

驾驶员驾驶习惯识别与车辆自动变速换档修正

根据不同驾驶员的不同驾驶习惯对自动变速器换档策略进行适应优化。在对驾驶员驾驶操纵行为分析的基础上,提出基于相空间重构与驾驶习惯评价指数的驾驶习惯识别方法实现驾驶习惯识别。首先利用相空间重构方法对驾驶操纵信号时间序列进行相空间重构,建立基于关联维数和Kolmogorov熵的驾驶习惯评价指数进行驾驶习惯识别与换档修正控制,根据不同的驾驶习惯选择不同的换档修正系数,以满足驾驶员的不同换档需求。仿真与实车试验表明,基于相空间重构方法和驾驶习惯评价指数的识别方法可准确识别驾驶员的驾驶习惯,基于驾驶习惯识别的换档修正控制策略可有效完成对车辆自动变速换档规律的修正,充分满足不同驾驶员对车辆换档性能的不同需求,提高车辆自动变速的智能化程度。     

基于驾驶行为及意图的汽车主动安全技术研究

针对国内汽车主动安全技术研究的现状,提出了基于驾驶员行为及意图判断的汽车主动安全研究方法,在此汽车主动安全系统中利用采集到的驾驶员各种操作信号及环境信息,进行驾驶员的驾驶行为及意图分析。根据驾驶员的各种操作信息对常见驾驶行为及意图判断的权重的不同,建立了用于判别典型驾驶行为及意图的权重矩阵。通过MATLAB软件编程仿真,建立了八种典型驾驶状态下权重判断矩阵,仿真表明,该权重矩阵设计合理,可以准确地判断和识别出典型的驾驶行为及意图,为未来汽车主动安全技术的研究提供了一种有效的方法。     

拖拉机安全驾驶“8不要”

拖拉机驾驶员在驾驶车时往往出现一些不安全驾驶行为,酿成事故。最常见的有以下几种：     

谈大型方向盘式拖拉机场地驾驶及操作

针对拖拉机数量和农机驾驶员数量逐步增多的现状,提高农机驾驶员的安全驾驶操作技术已成为一个不容忽视的重要课题,而场地驾驶是拖拉机安全驾驶操作的主要环节,进而阐述了拖拉机场地驾驶的规则以及拖拉机场地驾驶操作技巧.     

准分子激光眼屈光手术中的一种过渡区模型

提出了一种在准分子激光眼屈光手术中过渡区模型的构造方法.首先设计一种修边函数,然后提取光学区边界的切削深度,并将其扩展到整个过渡区,最后通过修边函数和过渡区上扩展切削深度的乘积得到过渡区模型.再将该模型进行计算机仿真研究和临床研究.临床上统计了8名患者16只眼睛接受该模型指导的激光手术情况:术前平均裸眼视力为0.09±0.04,术后第1天平均裸眼视力为1.06±0.24,之后视力逐渐升高,在术后一个月时平均裸眼视力为1.42±0.36,裸眼视力最小值为1.0.仿真结果,特别是临床结果表明:过渡区模型实现了光学区与非切削区之间光滑平坦地过渡.采用参数化控制的模型,特别适用于光学区直径和过渡区宽度经常调整的情况,对各种眼屈光不正情况均适用;在光学区直径确定后,过渡区宽度的改变不影响光学区的切削深度;模型有较强的通用性,适用于传统仅矫正屈光不正(近视、远视、散光)的光学区模型,也适用于波前像差引导的激光眼屈光手术.利用过渡区模型可提高手术后患眼的视觉质量.     

Observation of curative effect of intravitreal injection of conbercept in wet age‐related macular degeneration: Optical coherence tomography analysis after injection

To observe the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was observed to measure the changes of anatomical changes of central macular thickness (CMT) and the area and volume of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) uplift. Fifteen patients (15 eyes) with wet AMD were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent intravitreal injection of conbercept of 0.05 mL once. After 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, OCT and BCVA were used to examine and to compare with the preoperative and postoperative central macular thickness and RPE uplift area. BCVA (median) increased respectively from 0.12 ± 0.13 to 0.21 ± 0.15 at 1 week, to 0.90 ± 0.25 at 1 month, to 0.38 ± 0.17 at 3 months (p < .001). The thickness of central macular decreased from 500 ± 25 μm to 256 ± 19 μm, 221 ± 29 μm, and 215 ± 14 μm, respectively. The normal physiological structure and stratification of the macular area were clear gradually. Conbercept treatment of wet AMD can significantly improve visual acuity, after 1 month up to the plateau, 3 months of continuous drug injection can make the vision maintained at a high stage, and macular retinal normal structural morphology recovery is good, the treatment has no obvious adverse reactions, and with good security.     

中间视觉条件下的道路交通安全照明

研制了反应时间测定仪,用于有效评价中间视觉条件下的道路交通安全照明.通过采集发光二极管(LED)、高压钠灯(HPS)、金卤灯(MH)3种不同光源背景下人眼观测目标的反应时间,研究在中间视觉条件下各种光源的视觉功效.首先,测试了在不同背景亮度、视标对比度、视标偏心角下,人眼在不同光源下辨认视标的反应时间.然后,利用相关系数法对数据进行回归分析,得出反应时间与不同背景亮度、视标对比度和视标偏心角的关系.最后,基于视觉功效法分析研究了3种光源在中间视觉条件下的反应时间趋势和道路交通安全照明光源光效.结果显示,当背景亮度≤1.5cd/m2,高压钠灯与金卤灯、LED灯产生相同视觉功效时,高压钠灯所需的背景亮度最大,金卤灯次之,LED灯最小.在中间视觉条件下,LED作道路照明光源的视觉功效优于其他两种光源.     

准分子激光矫正复性近视散光的屈光学机理及应用

提出一种矫正复性近视散光的角膜修正模型,将近视和散光的矫正融合在一起.用患眼的球镜度数和散光度数等建立了修正模型的数学方程,用散光的轴位角度确定了模型建立时所用的坐标系与激光切削角膜时所用坐标系之间的转换关系.模型确定的角膜修正区域形状随散光的变化而变化.该模型已经用于临床指导眼屈光性手术;33只复性近视散光眼接受了该模型指导的LASIK手术.术前平均球镜度为6.00±2.14 D,平均等量球镜度为-6.43±2.18 D,平均柱镜度为-0.86±0.41 D,平均裸眼视力为0.12±0.08;术后一天这些值分别为:-0.22±0.74 D,-0.43±0.85 D,-0.42±0.62 D,0.88±0.18.结果表明:手术后眼晴的球镜度、柱镜度减退了,裸眼视力提高了.     

Cellular distributions and functions of histamine, octopamine, and serotonin in the peripheral visual system, brain, and circumesophageal ring of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

The data reviewed here show that histamine, octopamine, and serotonin are abundant in the visual system of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Anatomical and biochemical evidence, including new biochemical data presented here, indicates that histamine is a neurotransmitter in primary retinal afferents, and that it may be involved in visual information processing within the lateral eye. The presence of histamine in neurons of the central nervous system outside of the visual centers suggests that this amine also has functions unrelated to vision. However, the physiological actions of histamine in the Limulus nervous system are not yet known. Octopamine is present in and released from the axons of neurons that transmit circadian information from the brain to the eyes, and octopamine mimics the actions of circadian input on many retinal functions. In addition, octopamine probably has major functions in other parts of the nervous system as octopamine immunoreactive processes are widely distributed in the central nervous system and in peripheral motor nerves. Indeed, octopamine modulates functions of the heart and exoskeletal muscles as well as the eyes. A surprising finding is that although octopamine is a circulating neurohormone in Limulus, there is no structural evidence for its release into the hemolymph from central sites. The distribution of serotonin in Limulus brain suggests this amine modulates the central processing of visual information. Serotonin modulates cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system, but nothing further is known about its physiological actions.     

仿复眼视觉系统的研究进展

复眼是昆虫重要的光感受器,由成千上万的小眼构成,具有大视野的动目标快速检测能力。仿复眼的多孔径系统在机器人视觉导航、大视角测量和全景成像等领域应用广泛。首先介绍了复眼的生物机理、成像特性及现有的大视场成像系统;其次介绍了微透镜阵列的仿复眼光学设计现状,分析了微透镜阵列的大视角与多景深的全景成像质量,指出目前曲面微透镜一体化制造存在的成像缺陷;最后提出结合曲面与平面微透镜阵列实现大视角、多景深分辨率的仿复眼系统的可行性。该成像系统不仅可以实现全景范围内的清晰成像,而且还具有全景范围内的目标位置估计能力。     

开发型汽车行驶模拟器视景模拟系统的开发

结合我国首台开发型汽车行驶模拟器的开发，研制了视景模拟系统，开发了实时的视景模拟控制软件和场景库。介绍了研制视景模拟系统的支撑硬件和软件，总结了控制软件和各种场景的开发原理。实际使用表明，视景模拟系统具有可靠性和实用性。     

Detectors for polarized skylight in insects: a survey of ommatidial specializations in the dorsal rim area of the compound eye

Apart from the sun, the polarization pattern of the sky offers insects a reference for visual compass orientation. Using behavioral experiments, it has been shown in a few insect species (field crickets, honey bees, desert ants, and house flies) that the detection of the oscillation plane of polarized skylight is mediated exclusively by a group of specialized ommatidia situated at the dorsal rim of the compound eye (dorsal rim area). The dorsal rim ommatidia of these species share a number physiological properties that make them especially suitable for polarization vision: each ommatidium contains two sets of homochromatic, strongly polarization-sensitive photoreceptors with orthogonally-arranged analyzer orientations. The physiological specialization of the dorsal rim area goes along with characteristic changes in ommatidial structure, providing actual anatomical hallmarks of polarized skylight detection, that are readily detectable in histological sections of compound eyes. The presence of anatomically specialized dorsal rim ommatidia in many other insect species belonging to a wide range of different orders indicates that polarized skylight detection is a common visual function in insects. However, fine-structural disparities in the design of dorsal rim ommatidia of different insect groups indicate that polarization vision arose polyphyletically in the insects.     

基于夜间辅助驾驶的图像预处理方法研究

辅助驾驶中的前车车辆检测及灯语识别能够有效减少夜间行车时交通事故的发生。提出一种夜视图像的预处理方法,能够对夜视图像中存在的白色眩光和红色眩光进行有效去除,为夜间行车情况下的车辆检测及灯语识别算法创造良好的应用环境。基于暗通道先验去雾理论进行计算的简化,针对夜视图像中的红色眩光问题提出相应的去除方法,能够在保证处理效率的前提下,保证对夜视图像中的白色眩光和红色眩光的去除效果。     

DISTANCE MEASURING MODELING AND ERROR ANALYSIS OF DUALCCD VISION SYSTEM SIMULATING HUMAN EYES AND NECK

A dual-CCD simulating human eyes and neck (DSHEN) vision system is put forward. Itsstructure and principle are introduced. The DSHEN vision system can perform some movementssimulating human eyes and neck by means of four rotating joints, and realize precise object recogniz-ing and distance measuring in all orientations. The mathematic model of the DSHEN vision system isbuilt,and its movement equation is solved. The coordinate error and measure precision affected by themovement parameters are analyzed by means of intersection measuring method. So a theoretic founda-tion for further research on automatic object recognizing and precise target tracking is provided.