鸡骨泥的营养价值及其食品加工技术

主要介绍鸡骨泥的营养价值及其鸡骨泥香肠、鸡骨泥肉丸、鸡骨泥香辣酱等鸡骨泥食品的加工技术。     

夹泥发酵改进的研究

采用自制夹泥发酵器和每轮补充窖泥功能菌的夹泥发酵法进行浓香型白酒生产,结果表明,该方法能明显增大糟醅接触窖泥的面积;提高糟醅中己酸乙酯等香味物质的含量,己酸乙酯的含量比对照糟醅增加了近3倍;不影响曲酒的出酒率;可明显提高曲酒的质量;有效地解决了窖泥易进入糟醅,使酒中出现明显的窖泥味、操作困难、难以循环使用、效果不明显等问题。同时,对夹泥发酵中所用的窖泥类型、窖泥在循环使用过程中如何变化、夹泥发酵器的材料问题等进行了探讨。（孙悟）     

窖泥功能菌在浓香型大曲酒生产中的应用

通过对窖泥功能菌的种类及其功能、窖泥功能菌在窖泥养护中的应用、窖泥功能菌在夹泥发酵中的应用、窖泥功能菌在窖泥培养中的应用等方面的研究,初步建立了窖泥功能菌培养、应用的理论体系,使窖泥功能菌的应用技术成为提高浓香型大曲酒质量的重要技术保障之一。     

北方地区窖泥退化原因及管理养护的研究

从窖泥选料、发酵管理、养护和发酵操作及水质、工器具等方面分析了窖泥退化的原因。在实践中总结了窖泥管理和养护等10个方面的日常维护方法。窖池养护采用老窖泥和超浓缩复合己酸菌混合培养养窖液,针对窖泥不同情况采用浅表养护、深层养护和窖泥复壮综合技术进行特别养护取得较好效果。     

功能性人工窖泥培养配方筛选研究

在选育出优良窖泥功能菌的基础上进行窖泥配方筛选研究。以黄泥土为基础泥,加入不同比例的老窖泥、封窖泥、大曲粉、酒糟粉、麸皮、豆饼粉、酒尾、黄浆水、复合功能菌液、乙酸钠和营养盐等,培养不同配方的人工窖泥。通过对窖泥的感官鉴定以及微量成分、理化、微生物指标检测分析,初步筛选出功能性人工窖泥最适宜的培养配方。     

解析窖泥功能菌代谢能力的调控

围绕窖泥功能菌开展了系列研究,提炼形成了"窖泥功能菌代谢能力调控"理论.从传统窖泥的演变趋势、以及人工培养窖泥的科学原则等角度对窖泥功能菌代谢能力调控进行解析,提出了保持窖泥功能菌代谢能力,窖泥质量是重要基础、连续不间断酿酒是重要保证等观点,探讨了窖泥功能菌代谢能力的调控措施,为浓香型白酒优质酒产能的扩大提供重要的理论支撑.     

浓香型白酒窖泥钙化成因及缓解措施的初步探究

窖泥对于浓香型白酒的品质起着重要的作用,而目前各大酒厂窖池中的窖泥却频频出现钙化问题,直接影响了白酒的酒质。该研究通过对钙化窖泥和优质老窖泥在理化指标方面进行对比,得出窖泥钙化的主要原因是：由于窖泥中水分降低、pH降低等因素,导致窖泥中形成乳酸钙、乳酸铁等白色晶体,使得窖泥板结、出现白斑,质量下降。鉴于此,该研究采取在窖泥中加入产碱杆菌（Alcaligenes sp.）、酒花酸浸提液和乳酸链球菌肽（Nisin）3种措施,以此来缓解窖泥的钙化问题。结果表明,发现3种措施均能够缓解窖泥的钙化,且3种措施缓解的侧重点不同,综合分析后发现加入Nisin的效果最佳。     

谈浓香型白酒老窖泥的培养与泥窖的建造

选用含腐殖质、速效磷等较高、微生物群系丰富、粘结性好的土质,在确定好窖泥配方的基础上,利用优质老窖泥逐级扩大培养成的"香泥"和培养成熟的纯种己酸菌液做种子,经过选位置、定尺寸、制窖泥、垛窖、砌窖埂、抹老窖泥等工序即完成了泥窖的建造。该窖池的建造方法较简单,费用低,窖龄成熟提前,不易退化,较坚固耐用,正品酒产量增加,且酒的品质提高。     

应用鸡骨架生产高营养系列产品

鸡骨泥含有蛋白质、脂肪、微生素、钙、磷等营养成分.经过超微粉碎而制成的鲜骨泥,可制作各种系列营养食品,本文应用鸡骨泥进行了开发和研究,现将鸡骨泥产品和生产工艺报告如下.     

赤霞珠葡萄酒泥的改性处理及性能研究

酒泥是一种主要由酵母细胞及其代谢物组成的泥膏状物质,富含多酚和酵母多糖,具有一定的抗氧化能力。为了改善酒泥的吸附能力,采用柠檬酸对赤霞珠酒泥进行改性处理,以改变酒泥的物理和化学性质。对酒泥改性前后的粒径分布、比表面积、孔径分布、酒泥微观结构等物理参数进行测量,结果表明,在粒径分布不变的条件下,改性处理使酒泥的粒径比表面积增大2～5倍,表面变得疏松多孔;近红外光谱结果表明,改性后的酒泥化学吸附能力增强,得益于其羟基、羧基等含氧官能团的数量和种类变化。根据物性学参数、近红外光谱以及抗氧化能力的测定结果,选择质量分数为3%的柠檬酸改性后的酒泥来进行后续加工利用。     

造纸废水处理系统运行控制及故障解决实例

某制浆造纸企业废水处理站由于车间生产不稳定,运行中存在废水水量波动大,初沉池处理效果差,曝气池污泥老化,二沉池浮渣等故障。经现场综合调查化验分析,对系统故障采取了有效的解决办法,系统逐渐恢复正常,出水水质达到了《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)。     

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) waste residues and municipal waste water odor by dimethyl sulfide (DMS): the north-east WPCP plant of Philadelphia

This study shows for the first time that overlooked mg/L concentrations of industrial dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) waste residues in sewage can cause "rotten cabbage" odor problems bydimethyl sulfide (DMS) in conventional municipal wastewater treatment. In laboratory studies, incubation of activated sludge with 1-10 mg/L DMSO in bottles produced dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at concentrations that exceeded the odor threshold by approximately 4 orders of magnitude in the headspace gas. Aeration at a rate of 6 m3 air/m3 sludge resulted in emission of the DMS into the exhaust air in a manner analogous to that of an activated sludge aeration tank. A field study atthe NEWPCP sewage treatment plant in Philadelphia found DMSO levels intermittently peaking as high as 2400 mg/L in sewage near an industrial discharger. After 3 h, the DMSO concentration in the influent to the aeration tank rose from a baseline level of less than 0.01 mg/L to a level of 5.6 mg/L and the DMS concentration in the mixed liquor rose from less than 0.01 to 0.2 mg/L. Finding this link between the intermittent occurrence of DMSO residues in influent of the treatment plant and the odorant DMS in the aeration tank was the keyto understanding and eliminating the intermittent "canned corn" or "rotten cabbage" odor emissions from the aeration tank that had randomly plagued this plant and its city neighborhood for two decades. Sewage authorities should consider having wastewater samples analyzed for DMSO and DMS to check for this possible odor problem and to determine whether DMSO emission thresholds should be established to limit odor generation at sewage treatment plants.     

Comparison performances of membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge prcesses on sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete

Pilot-scale experiments were carried out to compare sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a conventional activated sludge (CAS) reactor for 345 d. Worm growth in the CAS reactor was much better than in the MBR. The average worm density of the aeration tank in the CAS reactor was 71 total worms/mg of volatile suspended solids (VSS), much higher than that in the MBR (10 total worms/mg of VSS). Worms did not naturally produce in the MBR, and the dominant worm type in the MBR depended on sludge inoculation from the CAS reactor. Only two types of worms were found in the MBR, Aeolosoma hemprichicii and Nais elinguis. Worm presence and disappearance in the MBR alternated. Worms in the CAS reactor occurred nearly throughout the operating period and were continuously maintained at over 30 total worms/mg of VSS in the aeration tank for 172 d. Three types of worm were found in the CAS reactor, A. hemprichicii, Pristina aequiseta, and N. elinguis, but P. aequiseta was present only occasionally. The alternating dominance of worm types in both reactors changed between Aeolosoma and Nais, and the time of Aeolosoma dominance was longer than that of Nais dominance. Worm growth in the MBR contributed to neither sludge reduction nor improvement of sludge settling characteristics because of low density. But worm presence and bloom in the CAS reactor greatly decreased sludge yield and improved sludge settling characteristics at high density. Both the average sludge yield (0.17 kg of suspended solids (SS)/kg of chemical oxygen demand removed (CODremoved)) and sludge volume index (60 mL/g) in the CAS reactor were much lower than those in the MBR (0.40 kg of SS/kg of CODremoved and 133 mL/g). Nais had more potential for sludge reduction than Aeolosoma. Worm growth had little impact on effluent quality in the MBR but affected effluent quality very much in the CAS reactor.     

APMP制浆废水处理过程控制系统的设计

针对APMP废水中COD、BOD含量高的特点,结合厌氧-好氧生化处理法,设计了基于S7-300 PLC的APMP制浆废水处理过程控制系统。     

Oxygen tolerance of sulfate-reducing bacteria in activated sludge

The oxygen tolerance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) present in activated sludge was studied in batch incubations using radiolabeled [35S]sulfate and a most probable number (MPN) technique employing activated sludge medium. Sulfate reduction (SR) could not be detected in activated sludge during oxic incubation or in the presence of nitrate. However, upon anoxic incubation of both freshly sampled activated sludge and activated sludge preaerated for 40 min, SR resumed immediately at an initial rate of 2 microM h(-1). During long-term aeration of activated sludge, the number of viable and culturable SRB remained constant at around 10(6) SRB mL(-1) throughout a 121 h aeration period. During the first 9 h of the 121 h aeration period, the anaerobic SR activitywas unaffected, as compared to that of an unaerated control sample, and recommenced instantaneously upon anoxic incubation. Even after 121 h of continuous aeration, SR took place within 1.5 h after anoxic incubation albeit at a rate less than 20% that of the unaerated control. As suggested by MPN estimates and the observed kinetics of SR, oxygen exposure resulted in temporary metabolic inactivation of SRB but did not cause cell death. Consequently, SRB have the potential for quick proliferation during anoxic storage of activated sludge.     

SD池底阀在卤水斜管沉淀池中的应用研究

通过对多孔排泥和SD池底阀排泥工艺方式的对比,阐明了SD池底阀排泥工艺的基本原理和应用前景,并重点叙述了SD池底阀在长山盐矿新建卤水沉淀池中的工艺设计原则.     

Calculation methods to perform mass balances of micropollutants in sewage treatment plants. application to pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs)

Two different methods are proposed to perform the mass balance calculations of micropollutants in sewage treatment plants (STPs). The first method uses the measured data in both liquid and sludge phase and the second one uses the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) to calculate the concentrations in the sludge from those measured in the liquid phase. The proposed methodologies facilitate the identification of the main mechanisms involved in the elimination of micropollutants. Both methods are applied for determining mass balances of selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and their results are discussed. In that way, the fate of 2 musks (galaxolide and tonalide), 3 pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, and sulfamethoxazole), and 2 natural estrogens (estrone and 17beta-estradiol) has been investigated along the different water and sludge treatment units of a STP. Ibuprofen, naproxen, and sulfamethoxazole are biologically degraded in the aeration tank (50-70%), while musks are equally sorbed to the sludge and degraded. In contrast, estrogens are not removed in the STP studied. About 40% of the initial load of pharmaceuticals passes through the plant unaltered, with the fraction associated to sludge lower than 0.5%. In contrast, between 20 and 40% of the initial load of musks leaves the plant associated to solids, with less than 10% present in the final effluent. The results obtained show that the conclusions concerning the efficiency of micropollutants removal in a particular STP may be seriously affected by the calculation method used.     

山梨酸废水处理工艺的技术改造

通过技术改造和根据山梨酸废水特点,利用了,吉林化纤污水处理厂的设施、场地和技术等资源,较好地设计和处理了吉林山梨酸有限公司的废水。经过把一个原污水预处理系统的调节曝气池、平流沉淀池和斜板沉淀池改造为水解酸化池和接触氧化池,以及经过双级A／O工艺设计和废水处理,山梨酸废水处理达到了GB8978—1996一级排放标准目标,为区域水污染治理和系统改造提供了科学依据。     

CQJ型气浮技术在思茅松制浆废水处理中的应用

介绍云景林纸废水处理工艺“物理化学处理法＋好氧生物处理法＋化学处理法”的原理,以及CQJ型超效浅层气浮在处理思茅松制浆废水中的应用及特点。     

有机负荷对CSTR-UASB两相厌氧系统的影响

采用连续流CSTR-UASB两相厌氧反应装置,CSTR以人工配制的红糖水作为发酵底物,其液相末端产物作为UASB的反应底物,污水处理厂剩余污泥作为反应器的启动污泥,反应器实现稳定运行（CSTR为乙醇型发酵）后,在其它参数不变的情况下,通过改变有机负荷,研究其对CSTR-UASB两相厌氧系统的影响.有机负荷从12 kg/（m^3·d）提升至32 kg/（m^3·d）的过程分为六个阶段,结果表明厌氧活性污泥产氢能力持续升高,在有机负荷为32 kg/（m^3·d）时,最大产氢量为12.8L/d,较初始有机负荷12 kg/（m^3·d）时提高了71.9％;产甲烷量随有机负荷的升高先增大后减小,在有机负荷为24 kg/（m^3·d）时,最大产甲烷量为18.5L/d;当有机负荷提高至28 kg/（m^3·d）时,总COD去除率达最大值72％.因此,CSTR-UASB两相厌氧系统对红糖废水具有较好的降解效果,同时能源回收效率较高.