The occurrence of micopollutants in the aquatic environment: a new challenge for water management.

The occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment has become a crucial topic in the last two decades owing to the innovative development of analytical instrumentation such as LC tandem MS. Using these new techniques it became obvious that pesticides, pharmaceuticals, ingredients of personal care products, biocides, flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds are entering rivers and streams via treated wastewater. Also contamination of bank filtrates, groundwater and in a few cases even drinking water was identified. Wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove polar persistent organic pollutants occurring in the sub-mg/L range and hence many of these organic pollutants are passing WWTPs to a high extent. Waterworks with a potential pesticide contamination in their raw water are equipped with advanced techniques such ozonation, activated carbon or nanofiltration enabling the removal of a high variety of other organic compounds. However, waterworks without an expected pesticide contamination are frequently equipped with common treatment processes not enabling the removal of these kinds of organic pollutants. Therefore, comprehensive management activities for protection of aquatic environments and water resources must consider the removal of all micropollutants relevant to water quality and ecology, independent of their usage or origin.     

Agricultural water and energy management in Tajikistan: a new opportunity

ABSTRACT

Agricultural water use in Tajikistan is largely based on mechanized irrigation pumps. The farming community cannot afford the cost of the energy used for pumping, resulting in large debts to the service provider. We propose limiting pumping facilities for five years in exchange for energy export to neighbouring countries. The energy export could cover the annual pumping expenditures, pay off agricultural debt and partly rehabilitate the irrigation network. We suggest three scenarios with different pumping energy reductions, and the relevant technical parameters of the set-aside scheme are assessed.     

中国水利面临全球气候变化带来的新挑战

<正>近100年地球表面气温上升了0.74℃,全球气候呈现以变暖为主要特征的显著变化。近50年全球气温线性增暖速率为0.13℃/10a,几乎是近100年的2倍,而     

提高水治理能力 应对气候变化挑战

气候变化对人类的可持续发展是一个前所未有的巨大挑战。刚刚结束的哥本哈根联合国气候峰会,反映了世界各国在应对气候变化挑战问题上强烈的共同意愿,同时也充分暴露了各国围绕气候变化应对背后激烈的利益博弈。中国作为世界人口最多、地域辽阔的国家,是全球气候变化的最大受害者之一。发展低碳经济,应对气候变化,既符合中国的国家利益,亦有助于世界的可持续发展。同样,中国作为一个人均水资源占有量偏低、水生态环境脆弱的发展中大国,水安全问题也面临来自气候变化的严峻挑战,这也对中国的水治理提出了严峻挑战。近年,水利在应对气候变化方面进行了积极探索,取得了明显成效。在新的形势下,如何采取更加切实有效的措施应对气候变化对水利工作提出的新挑战,是一个需要在水利实践中破解的问题。近期,本刊就这一话题约请相关专家,从我国国情出发,就水利部门如何应对这一挑战,不断提升水利保障能力,推进我国经济社会可持续发展,提出了对策建议。     

气候变化对辽宁省水资源的影响及对策

阐述辽宁省气候变暖的趋势及其在时空上变化的特点 ,分析了气候变化与降雨的关系及其对水资源量和地区分布的影响。通过系列资料分析 ,提出辽宁省的降水量与水资源量的增减是因其特定的地理位置及季风气候影响所决定的 ,降水量、水资源量与省内气候特点大体一致。提出相应的对策及措施 ,以减小气候变化对水资源的不利影响。     

Commentary: Climate change adaptive management in the Great Lakes

Climatologists have estimated how the increase of carbon dioxide emissions will affect the climate in the Great Lakes basin. Models show that at twice the pre-industrial carbon dioxide level, the climate of the basin will be warmer by 2–4 °C and slightly damper than at present. Experts predict that this could have serious implications for the ecosystems and economies of the region. Climate change poses new challenges to decision-makers as they work to restore and maintain biodiversity, create comprehensive strategies for conservation and evaluate future risk to these resources. Adaptive management has served as a tool to meet these challenges although implementation has been uneven. This commentary examines trends and projections for climate change in the Great Lakes, the adaptive management strategies and programs in place to address these changes and the challenges these programs face to address the impacts of changing climate patterns on our freshwater resources.     

生态型管理--一种新的水资源管理制度安排

节水型社会的建设需要有相应的制度安排,而水资源管理模式在一定程度上决定了制度设计的方向性、科学性、合理性.起源于森林等自然资源管理的生态型管理同样可以运用于水资源管理,而且优于其他的水资源管理模式.按照生态型管理的基本原理,首先将水资源管理过程分解为水资源开发行为、工程行为、供水行为、排水行为、废水处理与循环再利用行为等管理单元,再运用生态学规律将这些管理单元以生态产业链的形式联结起来,进行循环经济闭合方式运作,在此基础上以立法的形式将节水与防污确立为每一环节运行的基本原则,并将其纳入相关部门政绩考核的范畴,从而推动水资源的产业化管理、资源化管理以及节水型社会的构建.     

Climate change and effects on water quality: a first impression.

A number of possible relationships between climate change and water quality of Dutch surface waters have been investigated and an indicative quantification of the impact of climate change on water quality has been established. The analysis focused on water quality during periods of low flow and extreme heat, which are assumed to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change. The results indicate that the impact of climate change on water quality cannot be generalised and should be assessed on a case by case basis. However, the impact on extreme situations (floods and droughts) seems to be largest, whilst water quality under average discharge conditions appears to be relatively unchanged.     

Direct energy recovery from primary and secondary sludges by supercritical water oxidation.

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) oxidizes organic and biological materials virtually completely to benign products without the need for stack gas scrubbing. Heavy metals are recovered as stabilized solid, along with the sand and clay that is present in the feed. The technology has been under development for twenty years. The major obstacle to commercialization has been developing reactors that are not clogged by inorganic solid deposits. That problem has been solved by using tubular reactors with fluid velocities that are high enough to keep solids in suspension. Recently, system designs have been created that reduce the cost of processing sewage sludges below that of incineration. At 10 wt- % dry solids, sludge can be oxidized with virtually complete recovery of the sludge heating value as hot water or high-pressure steam. Liquid carbon dioxide of high purity can be recovered from the gaseous effluent and excess oxygen can be recovered for recycle. The net effect is to reduce the stack to a harmless vent with minimal flow rate of a clean gas. Complete simulations have been developed using physical property models that accurately simulate the thermodynamic properties of sub- and supercritical water in mixtures with O2, N2, CO2, and organics. Capital and operating cost estimates are given for sewage sludge treatment, which are less costly than incineration. The scenario of direct recovery of energy from sludges has inherent benefits compared to other gasification or liquefaction options.     

Climate change,water management and stakeholder analysis in the Dongjiang River basin in South China

This article proposes a systematic analysis of water management and allocation on the scale of a river basin, considering climate impacts and stakeholder networks in the Dongjiang River basin in South China. Specific approaches are integrated to explore various subtopics. Findings indicate a slight increase of precipitation in the basin and strong fluctuations in this century due to climate extremes, which may lead to seasonal or quality-related water shortages. It is highlighted that alternative options for holistic water management are needed in the basin, and participatory water allocation mechanisms and establishment of a basin-wide management framework could be helpful.     

Anaerobic treatment as a core technology for energy, nutrients and water recovery from source-separated domestic waste(water).

Based on results of pilot scale research with source-separated black water (BW) and grey water (GW), a new sanitation concept is proposed. BW and GW are both treated in a UASB (-septic tank) for recovery of CH4 gas. Kitchen waste is added to the anaerobic BW treatment for doubling the biogas production. Post-treatment of the effluent is providing recovery of phosphorus and removal of remaining COD and nitrogen. The total energy saving of the new sanitation concept amounts to 200 MJ/year in comparison with conventional sanitation, moreover 0.14 kg P/p/year and 90 litres of potential reusable water are produced.     

Climate change and drinking water production in The Netherlands: a flexible approach.

Climate change increases water system dynamics through temperature changes, changes in precipitation patterns, evaporation, water quality and water storage in ice packs. Water system dependent economical stakeholders, such as drinking water companies in The Netherlands, have to cope with consequences of climate change, e.g. floods and water shortages in river systems, upconing brackish ground water, salt water intrusion, increasing peak demands and microbiological activity. In the past decades, however, both water systems and drinking water production have become more and more inflexible; water systems have been heavily regulated and the drinking water supply has grown into an inflexible, but cheap and reliable, system. Flexibility and adaptivity are solutions to overcome climate change related consequences. Flexible adaptive strategies for drinking water production comprise new sources for drinking water production, application of storage concepts in the short term, and a redesign of large centralised systems, including flexible treatment plants, in the long term. Transition to flexible concepts will take decades because investment depreciation periods of assets are long. This implies that long-term strategies within an indicated time path have to be developed. These strategies must be based on thorough knowledge of current assets to seize opportunities for change.     

Models for water quality management: The problem of structural change

This paper challenges the common belief that a calibrated and validated model is sufficient to warrant technically sound application to guide water quality planning measures. The reason is that the planning of measures intrinsically implies that the present situation is going to be changed. Consequently, the model is going to be used outside its original domain, which from a strict systems theoretic point of view is not allowed, unless experience shows that the underlying laws are universal. Due to the complexity of water systems and their contained ecology, the structure of the developed models is almost surely not universal enough to cover changed conditions, and the prediction ability will deteriorate. Various remedies to mitigate the situation are discussed, among them over-specification combined with knowledge from similar systems, cybernetic modelling, educated speculation, and flexibility by feed-back.     

深入践行新时代治水方针 努力开创北京水资源管理工作新局面

<正>近年,北京市水资源管理紧紧围绕落实首都城市战略定位和疏解北京非首都功能,深入贯彻"节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力"的治水方针和"以水定城、以水定地、以水定人、以水定产"的城市发展原则,按照水利部和市委市政府工作部署,着力推进用水观念转变,着力发挥水的引导约束和服务保障功能,着力强化公众参与和社会监督,在水资源管理和保障等方面取得了一定成效,有力支撑了     

调水储能——跨流域水资源配置新思路

调水储能,从抽水蓄能创新发展而来,是将调水工程与电网储能巧妙地结合起来,在实现常规抽水蓄能电站储能功能的同时完成跨流域水资源配置。从调水储能提出的背景进行分析,比较了调水储能与抽水蓄能的异同,剖析了调水储能的概念和内涵,展望了调水储能的发展前景。     

Climate change impacts on natural resources and communities: A geospatial approach for management

Climate change causes environmental depletion, with threats to the global economy. The health and productivity of ecosystems underpin agriculture, with stable ecosystems being the foundation for economic livelihoods and food security. This study proposes adaptation measures, using geospatial technology, for conserving natural resources and improving livelihoods of the local community from climate change scenarios. Planning, policy decisions and resultant programmes are required for natural resource management, which must be based on broad citizen participation and the engagement of rural communities. The suggested adaptation measures will help the planning system to regulate development of natural resources and the socio‐economic environment. The major natural resources in the environment are land and water, both of which can be severely degraded by human interventions, as well as climate change. Various thematic maps are prepared with the use of geospatial technology, in order to be helpful for site‐suitability analysis directed to the preparation of land and water management action plans for socio‐economic development. The study area is a micro‐watershed of the catchment of Ansupa Lake in the Cuttack District of Odisha, India. To reduce climate change impacts on natural resources and economic livelihoods, some adaptation measures have been proposed (e.g., 68.9 ha for afforestation.; 13.94 ha for gap plantations and agro‐horticulture; 389.62 ha for farm ponds and renovation of existing ponds for pisciculture and duckery activities, etc.; 11.33 ha for land management, along with five bore wells, eight dug wells, 51 LBS/check dams, and four WHSs, etc., for water management for sustainable use).     

全面实施新时期治水方略加快推进由传统水利向现代水利的新跨越——在全省水利局长会议上的讲话（节选）

在全省“两会”刚刚胜利闭幕之际,我们召开这次全省水利局长会议,主要任务是根据党中央、国务院、水利部和省委、省政府近期相继召开的一系列重要会议精神．总结过去一年的工作,安排部署新的一年的任务．推动山东水利在新起点上更好更快发展。这次会议不仅是一般意义上的年度工作会,也是决战2010年、全面完成病险水库除险加固任务的誓师会,还是建立最严格的水资源管理制度、促进节水型社会建设的动员会。下面,我代表厅党组,讲三个方面的意见。     

气候变化和人类活动对水文循环影响研究进展

气候变化和人类活动是影响流域水文循环过程和水资源演变规律的两大驱动因素,所引起的水文效应已成为当前全球变化研究领域的焦点问题。水循环系统是气候系统的重要组成部分,气候变化对水循环要素的影响必然导致流域水资源的时空变化。同时,人类活动对流域水循环的影响也日益显著,主要表现为土地利用/覆被变化、修建大型水利工程等引起的流域下垫面条件变化,进而影响流域内的产汇流机制。针对气候变化和人类活动对流域水循环要素的影响机制,从水文要素时空变化检测与归因的角度对主要研究结果进行回顾,探讨了变化环境下水循环要素变化的检测与归因分析研究方法,并总结了定量区分气候变化和人类活动对水循环过程影响研究中的主要问题和不足,提出了未来需要重点加强气候变化和人类活动对水循环要素变异的驱动机理及贡献分解研究、加强水循环要素时空变异特征的诊断以及模型评价技术和不确定性量化研究等。     

把握新形势 落实总基调 奋力开创水资源管理工作新局面

<正>一、充分肯定近年水资源管理工作成绩近年,全国各级水资源管理部门认真落实新时代水利工作方针和治水新思路,开拓进取,履职尽责,扎实工作,全面落实最严格水资源管理制度,大力推进水生态文明建设,积极推进水资源领域改革创新,各项工作取得了积极