氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定高纯金中的痕量铋、锑、硒和碲

用乙酸乙酯萃取分离金,分液还原后应用氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法测定高纯金中的痕量铋、锑、硒和碲。在最佳条件下,方法对铋、锑、硒和碲的检出限分别为0.04,0.05,0.03,0.03 ng/mL(3δ);测定精密度(RSD)分别为0.98%,0.93%,0.94%,0.99%(对10 ng/mL Bi、Sb、Se和Te混合标准,n=7)。用所建立的方法对实际样品中的铋、锑、硒和碲进行了同时测定,测定结果与用标准方法测定所得结果之间无明显差异,各元素的加标回收率在95%～105%。结果表明,此方法能同时精确测定高纯金中的痕量铋、锑、硒和碲的量,且检出限较低,测定结果与国家标准方法一致。     

盐酸沉淀分离-氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法同时测银锭中铋、锑、硒和碲

用盐酸沉淀分离银,滤液还原后应用氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法测定硒、锑、铋和碲的量。结果表明,方法检出限：硒、锑、铋和碲分别为0.04,0.06,0.05,0.04 ng/mL;回收率97%～106%;RSD小于1.0%。此方法能同时精确测定银锭中的痕量铋、锑、硒和碲的量,且检出限较低,测定结果与国家标准方法一致。     

紫外分光光度法测定富硒麦芽中微量元素硒的含量

采用紫外分光光度法,以邻苯二胺作显色剂,波长334 nm,测定富硒麦芽中微量元素硒的含量。结果表明,线性方程为A=0.207 78c+0.003 69,相关系数r=0.999 86;平均加标回收率为98.04%,RSD=4.4%;方法的精密度(RSD=2.7%)、重现性(RSD=1.4%)和稳定性(RSD=0.80%)均较好;富硒麦芽中硒的含量为0.6⁴2.1μg/g。该方法具有操作简单,测定快速,灵敏度高,毒性较小等优点,适用于测定麦芽中微量硒的含量。     

紫外分光光度法测定富硒麦芽中微量元素硒的含量

采用紫外分光光度法,以邻苯二胺作显色剂,波长334 nm,测定富硒麦芽中微量元素硒的含量。结果表明,线性方程为A=0.207 78c+0.003 69,相关系数r=0.999 86;平均加标回收率为98.04%,RSD=4.4%;方法的精密度(RSD=2.7%)、重现性(RSD=1.4%)和稳定性(RSD=0.80%)均较好;富硒麦芽中硒的含量为0.6~42.1μg/g。该方法具有操作简单,测定快速,灵敏度高,毒性较小等优点,适用于测定麦芽中微量硒的含量。     

原子荧光光度法测定青海海东某地富硒大蒜中微量硒

硒是人体必需的微量元素,而大蒜是最能富硒的植物,青海海东市作为富硒紫皮大蒜的主产地,大蒜中硒含量的测定具有十分重要的意义。用硝酸-高氯酸分解样品,原子荧光光度法测定富硒大蒜中的微量硒。其方法检出限为:0.01μg/g,相关系数为:0.9999,硒的回收率为:90%~105%。该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、快速准确可靠等优点,适合广泛使用。     

干湿法测定硒碲混合物中金、银含量的研究

采用硫酸溶解、火试金法测定含硒碲混合物中金、银含量。硒碲混合物中硒、碲含量高，火试金法测定金银时有铅扣不易形成、合粒较脆等现象，因此采用硫酸除去硒碲混合物中铜、硒、碲，火试金法测定金银含量。讨论了硫酸用量、灰化时间、配料配比对金、银回收率的影响，使用该方法金加标回收率94.0%～97.1%、银加标回收率95.0%～97.7%。     

火焰原子吸收法快速测定食盐中的微量硒

本文建立了用火焰原子吸收光度技术快速测定食盐中微量硒的方法。研究结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,硒的线性范围为0.00-0.40μg.mL-1,样品测定的RSD为1.05%(n=6),结果与样品标示值一致。     

原子荧光法测定青城野菜不同器官中的硒和碲

用微波消解-双道原子荧光法同时测定青城山天鹅菜、野芹菜、竹叶菜、青蒿、白蒿五种野菜中的硒和碲。样品经硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解后,在盐酸介质中,以硫脲为预还原剂,硼氢化钾为还原剂,采用双道原子荧光法测定。在最佳条件下,仪器对硒和碲的检出限分别为0.17 ng/m L和0.10 ng/m L;RSD分别为1.5%和1.6%;回收率分别为96.0%~104.0%和93.0%~101.0%;线性范围均为0~400 ng/m L。五种野菜不同器官硒含量范围为20.4~52.6 ng/g,平均硒含量高低顺序为白蒿竹叶菜=野芹菜天鹅菜青蒿;碲含量范围为18.0~55.6 ng/g,平均碲含量高低顺序为白蒿竹叶菜青蒿野芹菜天鹅菜。硒、碲(除白蒿外)含量均服从以下规律:根茎叶。     

催化动力学光度法测定黑木耳中痕量硒

采用催化动力学光度法对黑木耳中硒的含量进行了分析测定。在硝酸介质中,硒(Ⅳ)催化溴酸钾氧化罗丹明B产生褪色,以此建立了催化动力学光度法分析微量硒的方法。实验结果表明:硒的浓度在0～8μg/L范围内,lg(A0/A)与浓度C之间呈良好的线性关系;方法的回收率为97.4%～103.9%,相对标准偏差小于0.81%,方法的准确度与精密度较好,适用于黑木耳中痕量硒的分析。     

食品中微量硒测定方法对比研究

硒是人体中重要的微量元素,能提高人的免疫力,还能对于一些癌症、心脑血管疾病等起到预防作用。目前人体对于微量硒元素的吸收大都是来自食品,人体中硒含量过多会导致硒中毒,含量过少,又会导致人体器官的病变,所以对食品中微量硒的测定极为重要。本文深入探讨了测定食品中微量硒含量常用的方法,并分析每种测定方法的优缺点,希望通过本文的研究结果能为相关工作人员提供多样化的测定方法,用于有效测定食品中微量硒的含量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。