通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究

功能化与高性能化的通用高分子材料在医用耗材及器械领域有着广泛的应用。作为重要的医用材料之一,血液相容性是首先需要解决的关键科学问题。通用高分子的血液相容性可通过化学和生物修饰来实现。采用的方法大体分为本体改性和表面改性。本体改性主要通过反应接枝和反应共混实现;而表面改性则主要通过在材料表面制备亲水性聚合物刷或亲水层、固定生物活性分子和形成生物仿生膜3种方法来实现。目前,生物材料的血液相容性研究主要集中在血浆蛋白吸附、血小板粘附和红细胞溶血3个方面。结合本课题组近期在生物医用材料领域的研究成果,简要介绍了国内外近年来通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究进展。     

含氟高分子生物材料的表面改性研究进展

含氟高分子材料因具有优异的稳定性和物理机械性能而成为目前研究和应用广泛的医用生物材料,但是,生物相容性的不足影响和限制了其作为体内长期植入材料的应用。因此,提高含氟高分子材料的生物相容性,尤其是通过表面改性的方法提高其生物相容性是一项有意义的研究课题。分别从改性手段和改性物质两方面综述了近年来国内外含氟高分子生物材料表面改性的研究发展。     

表面改性在生物医用材料研究中的应用

在植入物体性能较好的基础上,表面性能是决定其生物相容性是否良好的至关重要因素。本文针对硬组织和与血液相接触的金属植入物,对表面改性技术、表面改性膜层特点及其应用进行了综合评述,探讨了通过表面改性提高植入物生物相容性的机理,并指出了生物医用材料表面改性的研究发展方向。     

用于医疗方面的高分子材料：其合成,改性和应用

本文简介了医用高分子的合成和性能；列举了一些常见的医用高分子物质，并概述了材料表面的改性方法、材料的生物相容性。最后叙述了它们在医疗方面的应用。     

NiTi形状记忆合金在生物医用领域的研究进展

NiTi形状记忆合金由于具有良好的力学相容性、耐蚀性和生物相容性而在生物医用材料领域得到广泛应用。本文总结了医用NiTi形状记忆合金的研究现状,评述了NiTi形状记忆合金的耐蚀性和生物相容性特点,并详细讨论了NiTi形状记忆合金的表面改性问题,对NiTi形状记忆合金的医用前景进行了展望。     

碳/碳复合材料的生物相容性及生物应用

碳／碳复合材料继承了碳大有的生物相容性，又具有优良的力学性能，在生物医用材料领域有很大的应用前景。本文总结了医用碳碳／复合材料的研究现状，评述了碳／碳复合材料的生物相容性特点，并详细讨论了碳／碳复合材料生物医用所涉及到的模量、界面及表面改性等问题，对碳／碳复合材料的医用前景进行了展望。     

原子转移自由基聚合在生物材料中的应用

生物材料表面改性以及具有特定结构与功能的先进生物材料的合成始终是生物材料研究的核心课题.原子转移自由基聚合( ATRP)是一种新型自由基聚合,在生物材料表面改性以及新型生物材料合成方面具有巨大的应用前景.利用ATRP技术可以提高生物材料表面生物相容性、生物适应性以及生物功能性,如提高材料表面的抗生物污染性、血液相容性、细胞相容性以及抗菌性能等;同时,ATRP也可用于合成新型生物医用高分子材料,如两亲性高分子、纳米胶束、智能水凝胶以及一些具有特殊结构的高分子(包括星型、超支化、梳型高分子等).ATRP技术与点击化学结合,可形成新的生物活性表面或者合成新的生物材料,可望产生更多的功能化的材料表面与生物材料.     

改善生物医用高分子膜表面血液相容性的PC技术

为提供解决生物材料血液相容性的有效途径,介绍了起源于细胞膜模拟思想的磷酰胆碱(PC,phosphorylcholine)技术,以及用PC技术来改善生物医用高分子膜表面血液相容性的最新方法,包括属于物理方法的共混改性、表面涂层,属于化学方法的表面接枝、半贯穿聚合物网络.此外,还介绍了两种与PC技术并行的提高生物医用高分子膜血液相容性的方法.     

生物高分子材料血液相容性研究

生物高分子材料广泛应用于临床医疗,可用作人工血管、起搏器、组织工程支架等,因而必须具备良好的血液相容性.综述了生物高分子材料血液相容性的研究现状,主要包括凝血、血栓形成机理以及抗凝血系统等,重点介绍了高分子材料植入体内引起凝血及血栓形成的具体机制,阐述了设计微相分离结构、化合物接枝改性、引入生物活性分子、材料表面内皮化等改善材料血液相容性的主要途径.最后从分子生物学角度出发展望了今后高分子材料改性的研究方向.     

生物医用材料分析测试方法简介

生物医用材料用于对人体进行诊断、治疗、修复和替换其病损组织、器官,或增进其功能,应用广泛,品种很多,根据其组成和性质可分为生物医用金属材料、生物医用无机非金属材料、生物医用高分子材料、生物医用复合材料等。由于生物医用材料与人体健康息息相关,因此,对其化学结构组成、物理机械等性能,及其与人体接触时的生物相容性、安全性等指标进行分析测试和评估,具有十分重要的实际意义。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to