Gd0.97-xDyxV0.03-Cu复合磁制冷材料的性能研究

对采用真空扩散焊接制备的Gd0.97-xDyxV0.03(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)-Cu复合磁制冷材料的界面微观特性、磁热性能进行研究。XRD衍射和XPS能谱结果表明所有复合界面基本都是Cu向磁制冷材料内扩散,在Cu基体中基本上没有磁制冷材料元素的扩散;磁制冷材料与Cu之间没有化合物产生,复合扩散层宽度大约为5~8μm,远低于采用传统复合工艺的扩散层宽度(200μm)。在测试温度范围内复合材料相变类型为二级相变特征;复合材料的最大绝热磁熵变为2.83 J/(kg.K),对比复合前虽有所下降,但其绝热磁熵变曲线峰宽显著增加,其半高峰处的温度间距高达110K以上,相对磁制冷能力大于311.3J/kg以上,明显优于复合前;复合材料的最大绝热温变为1.59K,其绝热温变曲线保持较高温变的平台显著拉长,出现较高温变的平台温度有所提高,更趋近于室温。以上结果对磁制冷材料实现商业应用具有意义。     

室温磁制冷材料研究现状及发展前景

对室温磁制冷材料的研究现状进行了概述,重点介绍了Gd-Si-Ge系合金,Heusler合金Ni-Mn-Ga和NaZn13型化合物LaT13(T=过渡族掺少量其他金属)及MnFePAs系过渡金属基化合物,对室温磁制冷材料的研究现状及材料与磁制冷技术的发展前景进行了分析。     

纳米室温磁制冷工质材料的研究

简述了室温磁制冷材料的发展历史和纳米技术，概述了磁制冷材料研究的重点。总结了室温磁制冷工质材料具有优良性能的标准，并且给出了从微观、唯象和纳米方面研究室温磁制冷材料的新思路。介绍了纳米技术在室温磁制冷材料研究中的应用，重点讲述了纳米化对室温磁制冷材料的影响，预测了磁制冷材料的发展趋势。     

Cu与Gd5Si3.2Ge0.8合金粉烧结复合的工艺研究

针对室温磁制冷材料Gd5Si3.2Ge0.8的导热性能较差、高硬度和高脆性缺点,将按质量分数配比的Cu粉末和Gd5Si3.2Ge0.8颗粒混合,在真空烧结炉中利用高温扩散使两者紧密结合.试验结果表明,由于Cu具有良好导热性和延展性能,使Gd5Si3.2Ge0.8与Cu的复合材料脆性得到改善.与纯Gd5Si3.2Ge0.8相比,复合材料的绝热温变△Tad稍有下降,但在合理误差范围内,不影响使用.另外,绝热温变△Tad达最大值时所对应的Tc基本上没有偏移.     

Influence of Interfacial Diffusion on Mechanical Property of Vacuum Fusion Sinter （VFS） WC-Co Composite Coating

The WC-Co composite coatings bonded tightly to steel substrate have been made by vacuum fusion sinter （VFS）. The concentration distribution of some components were measured by the electron probe, and the microstructure and morphology of VFS coatings were observed and analyzed by SEM, X-ray diffractometer and microhardness tester. Diffusion coefficient of every element was calculated by using the experimental results. The influence of the interracial diffusion on the microstructure, Vickers hardness and interracial bond strength of the VFS coatings was studied in detail. The experimental results show that there is a metallurgical bond area between the VFS WC-Co coatings and the steel substrate. The VFS coatings are characterized by the gradient hardness of the interface and the high bond strength to the steel substate, both of which are beneficial to the improvement of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance.     

粉末冶金法制备La（Fe,Co,Si）13磁制冷合金

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼制备了LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2铸锭,并将该铸锭在石油醚的保护中球磨制粉,粉末经过压制后在氩气气氛中高温烧结2～8 h。用XRD和SEM检测了LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2铸锭及烧结后样品的相和组织结构。结果表明,LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2合金铸锭主要由α-Fe(Co,Si)相和1∶1∶1相组成,仅含有极少量1∶13相。采用粉末冶金法制备的合金相比传统工艺下合金的成相时间有明显缩短,仅烧结2 h就有一定比例的NaZn13型1∶13相生成,而且在1100℃烧结4 h时合金的成相最好,形成了以1∶13相为主相的合金,温度过高或过低所形成的1∶13相的相对含量都会减少。烧结时间增加或缩短也会导致1∶13相的相对含量减少。此外,还对在LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2粉末中加入LaFe0.9Co0.27Si1.17作为烧结助剂对合金成相的影响进行了研究。结果表明,加入烧结助剂后有助于合金的成相,加入质量分数为25%的LaFe0.9Co0.27Si1.17作为烧结助剂在1100℃烧结4 h所形成的合金几乎是单一的1∶13相,仅含极少量点状分布的富含镧的杂相。而LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2块状铸锭在1100℃退火4 h后仍含有α-Fe相和1∶1∶1相。可以看出,用粉末冶金法制备La(Fe,Co,Si)13磁制冷合金的热处理时间得到极大缩短。     

磁制冷材料钆硅锗系合金中的杂质元素的ICP-AES分析方法的研究

研究建立了ICP-AES同时测定磁制冷材料钆硅锗系合金中Mo,Mn,Al,V,Ni,Cu,Ga,Fe,Ca(含量范围为质鼍分数0.1%～1%)9种杂质元素的分析方法.方法的检出限为0.003～0.1 μg·ml-1,测定下限为0.02～0.5μg·ml-1,回收率在94%～108%,对于杂质质量分数为0.1%,0.5%,1.0%的样品,其RSD分别为0.40%～2.6%,0.52%～1.1%,0.67%～1.3%,结果表明该方法的精密度和准确度均满足微最分析的要求.     

钢/黄铜双金属管扩散复合的研究

采用扫描电镜组织观察、能谱分析和显微硬度测定等方法，对冷拔-热扩散后的钢／黄铜双金属复合管界面附近的组织、成分和硬度进行了分析，并测定了不同温度扩散退火后的界面结合强度。结果表明，钢／黄铜双金属管通过扩散复合可使界面实现良好的冶金结合。     

真空熔覆碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层抗疲劳性能的研究

在45钢试样表面采用真空熔覆法制得碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层,按照45钢热处理工艺对复合涂层进行正火处理,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对复合涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析.应用疲劳试验机对不同碳化钨含量的复合涂层进行弯曲疲劳试验.结果表明:复合涂层在正火处理后的弯曲疲劳强度大大提高,比熔覆状态合金涂层高150～200MPa;在高周疲劳时比正火45钢的疲劳强度高80MPa左右;正火处理后,含15%(质量分数)WC的复合涂层的弯曲疲劳强度最大;复合涂层的疲劳强度除与硬度相关外,还与复合涂层和45钢基体的界面结合强度、涂层内部缺陷等因素有关.     

Gd_(0.97)V_(0.03)合金的强度和耐腐蚀性能研究

本文对Gd0．97V0．03合金的硬度、抗拉强度、耐腐蚀性以及相关机理进行了研究。研究发现：Gd0．97V0．03合金硬度和抗拉强度分剐为86．2HV和205MPa,相比Gd分剐提高了40％和12％;相同的腐蚀时间下,Gd0．97V0．03合金的腐蚀量和腐蚀速度在开始时高于纯Gd．但经过1天左右水腐蚀后,其腐蚀量和腐蚀速度明显低于纯Gd,Gd0.197V0．03合金腐蚀层产物主要为Gd的氧化物Gd2O3,以上结果表明该系列材料有望成为良好的室温低场磁制冷工质。     

Magnetocaloric and magneto-transport properties of Gd10Co20Si70 alloy

We report the results of magnetic, thermodynamic, transport and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) studies of newly synthesized Gd_(10)Co_(20)Si_(70) alloy. These measurements confirm an antiferromagnetic transition at T_N=9 K. Both MCE and magnetoresistance (MR) show quadratic dependence on the applied magnetic field, indicating the presence of spin fluctuations in the alloy. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change determined from the isothermal magnetization data for magnetic field change of 7 and9 T are found to be 10.5 and 15.6 J/kg·K, respectively. As a consequence of the spin fluctuations effect, the MCE peaks are pulled towards high temperature side as asymmetrically broadened peak. The MR attains a large positive value of 73%at 2 K in 8 T. The large MR and reversible MCE make this alloy an attractive multifunctional magnetic material.     

急冷对Ti_(0.32)Cr_(0.345)V_(0.25)Fe_(0.03)Mn_(0.055)合金储氢性能的影响

为了研究急冷对储氢合金残余氢量的影响,利用真空电弧熔炼炉和铜模喷铸制备了Ti_(0.32)Cr_(0.345)V_(0.25)Fe_(0.03)Mn_(0.055)合金,采用XRD、PCT(压力-容量-温度)、TG/DTA等手段分析了急冷对储氢合金吸放氢性能的影响。结果表明,铸态合金和急冷合金均由BCC固溶体主相和Laves第二相组成;急冷对首次吸氢动力学行为影响较大,由铸态时的化学反应控制变为急冷时的新相晶核形成长大控制;急冷后,合金吸放氢平台压得到提高,且吸氢起始点左移,但吸放氢滞后性增大。TG/DTA曲线表明,急冷并没有改变合金的残余氢量,但氢化物放氢温度升高。     

Preparation and properties of bifunctional Gd2O3/GQD composite nanoparticles

Nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) particles were successfully synthesized. In addition, the effects of the amount of GQDs and the particle size of Gd₂O₃ on the properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The structures and properties of nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectrometry, and magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that the synthesized particles Gd₂O₃/GQD are spherical with a diameter of approximately 40 nm and have excellent fluorescence and magnetic property, and its relaxation rate (r₁ = 25.18 (mmol/L)^?1/s) is higher than that of the typical commercial contrast agents Gd-DTPA (r₁ = 4.5 (mmol/L)^?1/s). The fluorescence property of Gd₂O₃/GQD is optimized by varying the V_GQDs:V_Gd2O3 ratio, and 1:1 ratio of V_GQDs:V_Gd2O3 results in the best fluorescence property. The large particles of Gd₂O₃ improve the relaxation property of nanocomposites. Therefore, the nanocomposites Gd₂O₃/GQD with magnetic and fluorescence characteristics can be used in biological imaging, drug targeting, and in-vivo diagnostic analysis.     

镍基高温合金液相扩散焊接头组织及性能

镍基高温合金GH4413在高温下具有较为优异的高温持久强度和抗蠕变性能,在航空发动机和各种工业燃气轮机中得到广泛应用。以BNi 2作为填充合金材料使用液相扩散焊对GH4413合金进行了连接,研究了在焊接温度分别为1 030和1 080 ℃、保温时间分别为30和60 min等不同焊接参数下GH4413镍基高温合金的接头微观组织、成分分布和显微硬度。扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱分析结果表明,当焊接温度为1 080 ℃、保温时间为60 min 时,钎缝组织中形成了性能良好的固溶体,且随着焊接温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钎缝的宽度增加,钎料元素向母材中的扩散深度逐渐增加,在母材近缝区形成了金属间化合物。     

Magnetic properties and large magnetocaloric effects of GdPd intermetallic compound

With the intention to explore excellent magnetocaloric materials, the intermetallic compound GdPd was synthesized by arc melting and heat treatment. The microstructure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the intermetallic compound of GdPd were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the physical property measurement system(PPMS). A large reversible magnetocaloric effect is observed in GdPd accompanied by a second order magnetic phase transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism at ～39 K. The paramagnetic Curie temperature(θp) and the effective magnetic moment(μ_(eff))are determined to be 34.7 K and 8.12 μ_B/Gd,respectively. The maximum entropy change(|△S_M~(Max)|) and the relative cooling power(RCP) under a field change of 5 T are estimated to be 20.14 J/(kg·K) and 433 J/kg, respectively. The giant reversible magnetocaloric effects(both the large△S_M and the high RCP) together with the absence of thermal and field hysteresis make the GdPd compound an attractive candidate for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.     

Threshold Stress Intensity of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking of High Strength Steel

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of highstrength steels in an aqueous solution has been wide-ly investigated[1— 8] .It has long been accepted thatSCC of high strength steel in water is one kind ofhydrogen- induced cracking (HIC) [1— 5] .Because ofhydrolysis of the metal ions,the value p H of the lo-cal environment within a pit,crevice or crack on asteel surface can be decreased to about 3.5 [1] .Be-cause of crack- tip acidification,local conditions arealways favorable for release of hydro…     

Microstructure,magnetism and nanomechanical properties of Ni50Mn25Ga20Gd5 magnetic shape memory alloy before and after heat treatment

Polycrystalline Ni₅₀Mn₂₅Ga₂₀Gd₅ (at%) magnetic shape memory alloy was investigated in the as-prepared state and after annealing at 1430 K for 3 h. Microstructural analysis reveals dual-phase nature of the material with substantial distinction between Gd-rich and Gd-poor phases. Magnetic measurements performed in wide range of temperatures confirm reversible martensitic transformation in the annealed sample undergoing close to the room temperature. When it comes to the magnetic transition, the Curie temperature of the investigated alloy remains approximately unchanged at 370 K. Topography investigations conducted on the atomic force microscope in contact mode allow to measure 8 mm difference between minimum and maximum point of the martensite profile. The results from a series of nanoindentation tests show that hardness of the Gd-rich phase is 23%–35% higher than hardness of the Gd-poor phase, depending on the annealing state.     

Corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy after being modified by 1 wt.% rare earth element gadolinium

In order to improve the corrosion and mechanical properties of AM50 magnesium alloy, 1 wt.% Gd was used to modify the AM50 magnesium alloy. The microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), electrochemical and mechanical stretch methods. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased and Al2Gd3 and Al0.4GdMn1.6 phase existed after Gd addition. Because of the Gd addition, the grain of AM50 magnesium alloy was refined significantly, which improved the tensile strength of AM50 magnesium alloy. The decreasing of β phase improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. The fracture mechanism of the Gd modified AM50 magnesium alloy was quasi-cleavage fracture. The corrosion residual strength(CRS) of AM50 magnesium alloy was improved after 1 wt.% Gd addition.