浅析软件演化过程描述语言的作用及特点

作为一种具有良好描述能力的形式化建模语言，软件演化过程描述语言能够准确的对演化过程进行详细的描述。采用软件演化过程描述语言对演化过程进行描述，不仅能够从不同抽象层次上进行描述，而且便于控制、分析和改进演化过程。基于此，本文就软件演化过程描述语言的作用及特点进行分析研究。     

软件过程建模语言研究

本文介绍了软件过程建模的基本概念，提出了对软件过程建模语言的基本要求并简要介绍了几个有代表性的过程建模语言，给出了一个基于时序逻辑的形式化过程建模语言ＸＹＺ／ＰＭＥ，该语言是时序逻辑语言ＸＹＺ／Ｅ的子语言，它支持以角色为中心的逐步求精的过程建模方法，可在统一的形式框架内表示不同抽象级的过程模型．软件过程，软件过程建模，过程建模语言，时序逻辑，程序设计语言．     

一个柔性的形式化过程建模语言

提出了一个柔性的形式化过程建模语言FLEX.它具有丰富的语义、易用性、灵活性、可扩充性、可重用性和分布性,是一个可分析、可执行、演化的过程建模语言.建模语言不仅提供了高度抽象的描述方法以便于一般用户使用,还允许用户通过重用的方式自定义多种抽象级别的语言元素来扩充语言的描述能力.因此,FLEX语言可以支持不同层次和需求的过程建模.     

一个支持软件并行工程的过程建模语言

实施软件并行工程是缩短软件开发周期、加快软件开发速度的有效途径。文中讨论了软件并行工程对过程建模语言的要求,给出了一个支持软件并行工程的形式化过程建模语言ＳＤＤＭＬ和基于ＳＤＤＭＬ的过程建模方法。ＳＤＤＭＬ基于Ｐｅｔｒｉ网,具有面向对象的特征,可表示不同抽象级的过程模型,支持逐步求精的过程建模方法,为软件并行工程软件过程的控制、分析、评估和优化奠定了基础。     

基于分层的过程构件分类描述与检索研究

为解决传统的基于标准过程裁剪中标准过程只有单一抽象层次,造成裁剪工作量大的问题,本文对标准软件过程分层结构进行研究并通过继承机制简化过程的定义,多抽象层次的标准过程的提出还可以满足不同描述的需要,然后根据现有的构件描述框架对不同层次的标准过程给出了不同的描述方案。最后根据构件描述的特点,提出一种构件检索方法,并在理论上分析了和在实验上的证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

面向科学计算的业务流程建模技术研究

分析面向科学计算的业务流程的特点和需求,提出一种适用于科学计算的领域元模型及其智能流程建模语言(SPML),给出领域元模型的形式化描述以及SPML到业务流程执行语言的转换算法。在此基础上,设计并实现一种基于SPML的业务流程建模系统。分析结果表明,该系统既能帮助用户进行业务流程分析和抽象建模,又能生成可执行文件和部署文件,完成流程的自动化部署。     

基于代数的软件过程建模系统的设计与实现

软件过程建模的主要目的是建立组织内软件开发过程的模型,使得软件开发过程在整个组织内获得一致的理解,进而提高软件开发效率和改进软件生产质量.软件过程建模语言一方面要易于理解、具有较强的表达能力,同时也要易于分析和验证,以保证所要描述的软件过程的正确性.介绍了基于代数的软件过程建模系统ASPMS的设计和实现,该系统提供了图形化的建模表示方式,而该图形化表示方式具有基于多元π演算的形式化语义,从而较好地平衡了建模语言的易于理解、具有较强的表达能力和易于分析和验证这一矛盾的内在要求.     

基于分层的过程构件分类描述的研究与应用

在以标准过程为基础的过程复用中,为解决传统的基于标准过程裁剪中标准过程只有单一抽象层次,造成裁剪工作量大的问题,提出了创建多抽象层次标准过程以满足不同应用需要;对相同功能不同抽象层次的过程采用继承机制简化定义,并根据现有的构件描述框架对不同层次的标准过程给出了不同的描述方案。最后通过一个实例对标准过程构件的分层结构与继承机制的描述方案进行了实现,并取得了一定的成效,为企业实施过程改进提供借鉴。     

面向TSP的软件过程仿真模型

描述了一种面向小组软件过程TSP(Team Software process)的仿真模型，根据TSP的特点，采用将离散和连续建模思想结合的一种混合模型。这种模型分为两层建立，外层体现软件开发过程的阶段性，内层体现软件开发过程的连续性，从两个层次上详细说明模型的结构和原理；给出了模型的形式化描述；并用一个例子来说明模型的执行过程及结果。此模型能够从不同角度模拟软件的开发过程，并能够对软件开发过程进行监督和预测。     

基于RUP和VDM++的软件形式化开发方法的研究

形式化方法是软件开发过程中用于保证软件系统具有高度正确性和可靠性的一个重要手段。但形式化软件规范不直观,不容易被开发人员所接受。该文将较为直观地统一软件过程和VDM++形式化方法结合在一起,提出了一种软件形式化开发方法,并通过开发一个实际的文件设备记账系统说明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

基于过程模式的软件过程框架

Process pattern is an excellent method to express software process knowledge, it can express process knowledge in different granularity and realize the non-gap connection of process knowledge, it supports the reuse and persistent improvement of process knowledge. In this paper, we put forward a process Pattern Based Software Pro-cess Framework(PB-SPF), its three layer architecture has realized the high abstraction of software process and theseparation of its contents, so it have good reusability and adaptability. We can use it as a base for the research of soft-ware process, the building and enactment of process model.     

A meta-model for formulating knowledge-based models of software development

In this paper, we introduce a knowledge-based meta-model which serves as a unified resource model for integrating characteristics of major types of objects appearing in software development models (SDMs). The URM consists of resource classes and a web of relations that link different types of resources found in different kinds of models of software development. The URM includes specialized models for software models for software systems, documents, agents, tools, and development processes. The URM has served as the basis for integrating and interoperating a number of process-centered CASE environments. The major benefit of the URM is twofold: First, it forms a higher level of abstraction supporting SDM formulation that subsumes many typical models of software development objects. Hence, it enables a higher level of reusability for existing support mechanisms of these models. Second, it provides a basis to support complex reasoning mechanisms that address issues across different types of software objects. To explore these features, we describe the URM both formally and with a detailed example, followed by a characterization of the process of SDM composition, and then by a characterization of the life cycle of activities involved in an overall model formulation process.     

Software process modeling languages: A systematic literature review

ContextOrganizations working in software development are aware that processes are very important assets as well as they are very conscious of the need to deploy well-defined processes with the goal of improving software product development and, particularly, quality. Software process modeling languages are an important support for describing and managing software processes in software-intensive organizations.ObjectiveThis paper seeks to identify what software process modeling languages have been defined in last decade, the relationships and dependencies among them and, starting from the current state, to define directions for future research.MethodA systematic literature review was developed. 1929 papers were retrieved by a manual search in 9 databases and 46 primary studies were finally included.ResultsSince 2000 more than 40 languages have been first reported, each of which with a concrete purpose. We show that different base technologies have been used to define software process modeling languages. We provide a scheme where each language is registered together with the year it was created, the base technology used to define it and whether it is considered a starting point for later languages. This scheme is used to illustrate the trend in software process modeling languages. Finally, we present directions for future research.ConclusionThis review presents the different software process modeling languages that have been developed in the last ten years, showing the relevant fact that model-based SPMLs (Software Process Modeling Languages) are being considered as a current trend. Each one of these languages has been designed with a particular motivation, to solve problems which had been detected. However, there are still several problems to face, which have become evident in this review. This let us provide researchers with some guidelines for future research on this topic.     

一种反应式SPM及其动态语义XYZ表示

过程支撑环境PSE(process supporting environment)是一种支持软件过程元过程的计算机环境,PSE通过运作一个事先定义好的软件过程模型SPM(software process model)来控制和指导实际软件开发过程.SPM使用的控制方式分为主动式(proactive)和反应式(reactive)两种.由于主动式不能很好地支持软件过程的演化,反应式渐渐受到人们的重视.提出了一种反应式SPM以及建立这种模型所使用的图形化的软件过程建模语言,同时,对于所建立的SPM,提出用时序逻辑语言XYZ/E表示它的行为视图动态语义的方法.这为模型提供了明确的动态语义,为其运作和分析提供了形式化基础.     

Characterizing and evaluating the quality of software process modeling language: Comparison of ten representative model-based languages

Software organizations are very conscious that deployments of well-defined software processes improve software product development and its quality. Over last decade, many Software Process Modeling Languages (SPMLs) have been proposed to describe and manage software processes. However, each one presents advantages and disadvantages. The main challenge for an organization is to choose the best and most suitable SPML to meet its requirements. This paper proposes a Quality Model (QM) which has been defined conforms to QuEF (Quality Evaluation Framework). This QM allows to compare model-based SPMLs and it could be used by organizations to choose the most useful model-based SPML for their particular requirements. This paper also instances our QM to evaluate and compare 10 representative SPMLs of the various alternative approaches (metamodel-level approaches; SPML based on UML and approaches based on standards). Finally, this paper concludes there are many model-based proposals for SPM, but it is very difficult to establish with could be the commitment to follow. Some non-considered aspects until now have been identified (e.g., validation within enterprise environments, friendly support tools, mechanisms to carry out continuous improvement, mechanisms to establish business rules and elements for software process orchestrating).     

BPMNt: A BPMN extension for specifying software process tailoring

ContextAlthough SPEM 2.0 has great potential for software process modeling, it does not provide concepts or formalisms for precise modeling of process behavior. Indeed, SPEM fails to address process simulation, execution, monitoring and analysis, which are important activities in process management. On the other hand, BPMN 2.0 is a widely used notation to model business processes that has associated tools and techniques to facilitate the aforementioned process management activities. Using BPMN to model software development processes can leverage BPMN’s infrastructure to improve the quality of these processes. However, BPMN lacks an important feature to model software processes: a mechanism to represent process tailoring.ObjectiveThis paper proposes BPMNt, a conservative extension to BPMN that aims at creating a tailoring representation mechanism similar to the one found in SPEM 2.0.MethodWe have used the BPMN 2.0 extensibility mechanism to include the representation of specific tailoring relationships namely suppression, local contribution, and local replacement, which establish links between process elements (such as in the case of SPEM). Moreover, this paper also presents some rules to ensure the consistency of BPMN models when using tailoring relationships.ResultsIn order to evaluate our proposal we have implemented a tool to support the BPMNt approach and have applied it for representing real process adaptations in the context of an academic management system development project. Results of this study showed that the approach and its support tool can successfully be used to adapt BPMN-based software processes in real scenarios.ConclusionWe have proposed an approach to enable reuse and adaptation of BPMN-based software process models as well as derivation traceability between models through tailoring relationships. We believe that bringing such capabilities into BPMN will open new perspectives to software process management.