《压力容器》杂志征稿启事

1征稿内容1.1材料(1)压力容器和压力管道用新材料的研制和推广应用(2)压力容器和压力管道材料性能试验和测试方法的研究(3)特种金属材料、复合材料在压力容器中的开发应用(4)国外有关压力容器和压力管道用材的研究进展和动态     

海德汉助力产业转型升级

海德汉公司研发和生产高质量直线光栅尺和角度编码器、旋转编码器、数显装置和数控系统,主要用于精密机床和电子元件的生产和加工设备。     

科学仪器计算机化的基本原理与技术

计算机和网络技术的发展,使信息技术与科学仪器将各自的资源和潜能充分发挥,灵活的调用,合理配置以及仪器测量的数据资源共享。各种仪器都有创新和跃进发展,出现新一代智能仪器、虚拟仪器和网络化仪器等科学仪器。本文评述科学仪器计算机化的基本原理和基本方法。科学仪器的计算机化必须有计算机软件、硬件和复杂的接口设备和技术     

基于C/S和B/S结构部队车辆集成维修管理系统

为满足部队车辆管理信息化建设的实际需求,在总体设计的基础上,提出了基于C／S和B／S复合模式的结构体系,并对业务流程、系统功能和关键技术进行了深入分析和研究,在此基础上,应用Delphi和JSP开发技术,以SQLServer2000为数据库服务器,以分布式数据库和数据传输相结合,成功研发了集成的智能化部队车辆维修管理信息系统,改善和提高了部队车辆使用和维修管理效能,有效控制和节省了经费,提高了装备管理和决策水平。     

中央领导集体"三农"思想的历史考察

如何有效促进现代农业建设和发展,适应我国农业发展资源禀赋的客观要求,真正推动新农村建设,是国民经济发展的重中之重,也是事关我国经济发展全局的首要问题和关键问题.本文立足毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民和新一届领导集体在应对"三农"问题方面的思想演进历史和发展实际,探讨了不同时期我国发展和建设现代农业的战略与策略框架,为进一步深入和系统推进传统农业改造和社会主义新农村建设提供经验借鉴和政策启示.     

科泰重工KP305型全液压轮胎压路机

KP305型全液压轮胎压路机采用了国际首创将驱动桥和变速器合一的结构和干式弹簧制动器,多项性能和结构设计为国内首创,实现了全液压驱动和全电液控制。驱动桥和变速器合一KP305采用全液压传动和全电液控制技术,     

虚拟样机技术在观瞄仪自动升降系统方案设计中的应用

运用三维建模软件和动力学仿真软件联合建立了观瞄仪自动升降系统的虚拟样机.通过对其进行运动和动力学仿真,研究了观瞄仪在展开和撤收过程中关键构件的运动和动力学规律,从而对观瞄仪自动升降系统在工作状态下关键部件的受力和运动状态有了明确和清晰的认识,论证了设计方案的可行性,为物理样机的研制提供了理论依据.最后总结了将虚拟样机技术运用到系统的开发和研制中所具有的实际意义.     

基于XML的异源数据分析的协同业务平台

在分析了基于XML的异源数据交换、查询和协同业务平台的国内外现状的基础上,从异构数据源,数据交换文档,数据交换中间件,协同集成平台和应用系统及数据匹配的优化算法,系统运行、安全和维护等方面阐述了面向XML异源数据的协同业务平台体系结构和每个模块的具体内容,及异构数据库中的非结构化数据、结构化数据和半结构化数据通过加密传输实现异构库、XML文档和目标数据库之间的数据类型转换的流程和方法.     

基于约束的复杂产品开发过程与活动路线分析

为实现在不同阶段、按不同层次和区域分析和控制产品开发微观过程的目的,提出一种基于“自组织-被组织”方法论规划和设计产品开发过程的方法。在面向过程的任务分层分解和基于约束的产品开发活动组织过程表达中,把与过程相关的约束和影响因素,通过节点间逻辑状态及其取值概率来反映和体现;应用图论中可达矩阵性质与原理定量分析产品开发活动序列及其组织路线,实现产品开发宏观过程管理和微观过程控制的有机结合,使产品开发活动的组织方式、状态演化和工作流程始终处于透明和可控的环境下观察和分析,帮助项目管理人员明确影响产品开发过程的主要路线和关键环节,克服传统方法综合多个要素、跨越整个过程建模和分析的困难。     

行业关键词

据中国汽车工业协会统计,2011年11月,汽车产销169．50万辆和165．60万辆,环比增长7．95％和8．60％,同比下降3．41％和2．42％。其中：乘用车产销137．41万辆和134．37万辆,环比增长8．90％和10．07％,同比增长0．71％和0．29％。商用车产销32．09万辆和31．23万辆,     

共融机器人重大研究计划研究进展

“共融机器人基础理论与关键技术研究”重大研究计划,聚焦“刚-柔-软机构的行为顺应与可控性”、“人-机-环境多模态感知与自然交互”以及“机器人群体智能与操作系统架构”三个科学问题,主要面向智能制造、医疗康复、国防安全和学科前沿四个重点方向,实施四年来取得了长足进展,构建机器人与人、机器人与环境、机器人与机器人交互的共融机器人研究体系,推动了工业机器人、服务机器人和特种机器人领域的理论和技术发展,相关科研成果为我国高端制造、康复医疗、国防安全等国家重大需求提供了坚实的理论和技术支撑。对在该重大研究计划支持下所取得的有关共融机器人的主要研究进展进行概述,内容涵盖“与环境共融的加工制造机器人”、“与人共融的康复辅助机器人”、“机器人间共融的群体智能与操作系统”以及“共融机器人前沿：新方法、新原理和新概念”,以此给出后续的重点研究方向和建议。     

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies was comparable to that reported with current standard methods. Major sources of variability for semiautomated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.     

MODELING METHOD FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MAPPING BASED ON REVERSE SOLVING OF LOCUS AND MOTION

Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.     

Ashless antioxidants,copper deactivators and corrosion inhibitors: Their use in lubricating oils

This paper reviews the use of copper deactivators and iron corrosion inhibitors in lubricating oils. The auto-oxidation process is described in terms of initiation and chain propagation, branching and termination, and the primary and secondary oxidation inhibitors are described. Copper deactivators and corrosion inhibitors nature and action are discussed, and the paper also examines the applications for these additives.     

TQM与ERP的集成策略探讨

针对TQM与ERP在企业中应用独立的状况，从TQM与ERP的发展背景和特点出发，阐述了两者所具有的内在协调性和互补性关系，从理论、技术、方法与工具等层面上分析了TQM与ERP集成的可行性与必要性，从文化整合、过程整合、技术整合和分步实施等方面探讨了TQM与ERP的集成策略和实施方案。TQM与ERP的有机集成，可以充分有效地整合企业的资源，快速响应市场，提高企业的市场竞争力。     

Ion mobility mass spectrometry in the omics era: Challenges and opportunities for metabolomics and lipidomics

Researchers worldwide are taking advantage of novel, commercially available, technologies, such as ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), for metabolomics and lipidomics applications in a variety of fields including life, biomedical, and food sciences. IM-MS provides three main technical advantages over traditional LC-MS workflows. Firstly, in addition to mass, IM-MS allows collision cross-section values to be measured for metabolites and lipids, a physicochemical identifier related to the chemical shape of an analyte that increases the confidence of identification. Second, IM-MS increases peak capacity and the signal-to-noise, improving fingerprinting as well as quantification, and better defining the spatial localization of metabolites and lipids in biological and food samples. Third, IM-MS can be coupled with various fragmentation modes, adding new tools to improve structural characterization and molecular annotation. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in IM-MS technologies and approaches utilized to support metabolomics and lipidomics applications and we assess the challenges and opportunities in this growing field.     

CREATIVE DESIGN BASED ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

To support and serve engineering design, creative design based on knowledge management is proposed. The key knowledge factors of creative design are analyzed and discussed, and knowledge extraction tools are utilized to distill the important knowledge to serve for knowledge resource of creative design. The implementation of creative design mode is described and executed, which can promote the intelligent asset of the enterprise and shorten the period of creative design. With this study, design afflatus and conceptual design can be achieved expediently and effectively.     

Ni和Fe对Cu-Sn-P系粉末冶金轴承材料性能的影响

在Cu-Sn-P系基体中添加不同量的合金元素N i和Fe,采用粉末冶金方法制备烧结轴承材料,通过对比研究了N i和Fe对其性能的影响规律。结果表明,N i和Fe元素都可以提高材料的表观硬度和压溃强度,改善材料的摩擦磨损性能,但N i元素对压溃强度的提高更为显著。Cu-Sn-P基体中添加N i和Fe含量不宜过高,分别以2%和4%为宜。     

45钢电子束扫描相变硬化组织和硬度的研究

电子束表面处理可以提高钢铁材料的表面硬度和力学性能。研究电子束扫描对45钢硬化层组织和性能的影响,探讨电子束功率、扫描速度等工艺参数对硬化层组织和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜分析45钢电子束表面强化层的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测试。结果表明,45钢经电子束扫描处理后,硬化层的组织为针状和板条状马氏体,组织比常规调质处理更加均匀、细小,试样表面的平均硬度达58 HRC,比淬火加低温回火处理的硬度高3～5 HRC,是调质处理的两倍,从处理表面往下沿深度方向硬度逐渐减小。电子束工艺参数对硬化层组织和性能有较大影响,硬化层宽度和深度随着电子束功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的最高硬度随着电子束功率密度的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小。     

Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]