氧燃烧方式下石灰石直接固硫反应模拟

氧燃烧方式下高浓度CO2气氛使得石灰石与SO2的气固反应存在直接固硫和间接固硫两种方式。在热重分析仪上进行了石灰石直接硫化的实验,考察了温度、SO2浓度对直接固硫反应的影响。基于球形颗粒气体扩散理论,在未反应收缩核模型的基础上推导出一种从实验数据计算化学反应速率常数和SO2反应级数的新方法。同时在已有研究的基础上改进了产物层扩散系数的计算方法,并采用未反应收缩核模型对不同温度、SO2浓度条件下石灰石直接固硫反应进行模拟,模拟结果与实验结果较为吻合。在所建立模型的基础上定性讨论了温度、孔隙率、平均孔径对产物层有效扩散系数的影响,发现温度对有效扩散系数影响很显著,而孔隙率、平均孔径的影响较小。     

CO2分解酚钠盐后Na2CO3废液的处理

对CO2分解酚钠盐后Na2CO3废液的处理进行了工艺设计和生产控制分析,为环境保护和资源回收开辟了一条新途径。     

粗盐水中碳酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠投入量的试验

介绍金甲集团化工公司在粗盐水中进行的碳酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠投入量的试验。     

A variable diffusivity shrinking-core model and its application to the direct sulfation of limestone

A variable diffusivity shrinking-core model that allows for temporal and spatial variation of the effective diffusivity in the solid product layer was developed in this study. The model was used to analyze a set of experimental data for the direct sulfation of three limestones (that is, their reaction with SO2 under noncalcining conditions), and a parameter estimation procedure was formulated for extracting the effective diffusivity as a distributed parameter from the experimental conversion vs. time curves. Very strong effects of temperature, concentration, and depth in the product layer on the effective diffusivity were revealed by the analysis. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that despite being essentially nonporous, uncalcined limestones can react with SO, under noncalcining conditions at rates comparable to those of calcined samples because they present much lower resistance for diffusion of SO2 through the product layer than the latter.     

碳酸锂碳化三相反应动力学研究

利用5 L的气液固三相机械搅拌反应器,研究了Li2CO3碳化三相反应动力学。对影响碳化过程的诸因素进行了深入的研究和探讨。结果表明,Li2CO3的碳化率随CO2压力、气流大小、搅拌速度的增大而增大;随反应温度、固体浓度、颗粒粒径、物料填充度的增大而减小。通过对实验数据的拟合得出实验范围内该过程的动力学方程;得出该过程受控于化学反应,并计算出了该过程的表观活化能-17.37 kJ/mol。该研究为Li2CO3碳化工艺条件的优化和反应器的设计等问题提供了基本理论依据。     

Leaching Kinetics of Calcium Vanadate by Na2CO3 Solution

Leaching kinetics of calcium vanadate by Na2CO3 solution was studied. Kinetic equation was established according to the variation of VO3-concentration with time during the leaching process. The influences of initial pH value and stirring speed on reaction rate constant were examined and the corresponding apparent activation energy was calculated. The results indicate that the leaching process is a 0.68 order reaction, and the reaction rate constant 8.64×10-6 mol/(L-s). It increases with the increase of pH value and stirring speed. And the dissolution rate of calcium vanadate also increases. The apparent activation energy is 38.98 kJ/mol, and temperature has great influence on the leaching rate of calcium vanadate.     

Na2SiO3/Na2CO3复合制备清洁型碱矿渣胶凝材料

为解决弱碱单独激发碱矿渣胶凝材料(AASM)时存在的力学性能弱、矿渣反应程度低等问题,缓解AASM的操作危害性,本文采用Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃复合激发矿渣,研究了复合激发剂组成对AASM凝结时间、抗压强度、水化产物及自收缩的影响,并评估了AASM的环境效益。结果表明:随着Na₂CO₃碱当量的增加,AASM缓凝效果较为明显,抗压强度也有所降低,但抗压强度的降低幅度随龄期增大而减小。通过加入Na₂CO₃,AASM水化产物种类增多,C-(A)-S-H的峰值强度随Na₂CO₃碱当量占比的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,因而解释了AASM浆体自收缩的变化。另外,由CO₂排放指数可以看出,Na₂SiO₃/Na₂CO₃复合激发矿渣较Na₂SiO₃单独激发更为清洁,环境效益显著。     

O2/H2O燃烧方式下石灰石的间接硫化反应特性

利用水平管式炉和热重实验台架,对O₂/H₂O、O₂/N₂和O₂/CO₂ 3种不同燃烧方式下石灰石的间接硫化反应特性进行了研究。重点探究了燃烧方式、水蒸气浓度对石灰石间接硫化反应的影响规律与机理。同时,对硫化产物进行了X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、孔结构特性和扫描电镜（SEM）分析。结果表明,O₂/H₂O燃烧方式相比于相同氧浓度下的O₂/N₂和O₂/CO₂燃烧方式,石灰石间接硫化反应的钙转化率在化学反应控制阶段基本相同,在扩散控制阶段O₂/H₂O燃烧方式下的钙转化率有显著的提高。主要原因是水蒸气促进了硫化反应后期产物层内的固态离子扩散。此外,O₂/H₂O燃烧方式下,不同的水蒸气浓度对石灰石的钙转化率基本没有影响。     

High-temperature CO2 sorption on Na2CO3-impregnated layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxide (LDH), one of representative high-temperature CO₂ sorbents, has many advantages, including stable CO₂ sorption, fast sorption kinetics, and low regeneration temperature. However, CO₂ sorption uptake on LDH is not high enough for practical use; thus it is usually enhanced by impregnation with alkali metals such as K₂CO₃. In this study, LDH was impregnated with Na₂CO₃, and analyses based on scanning electron microscopy, N₂ gas physisorption, in situ X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were carried out to elucidate the characteristics of sorbents and the mechanism of CO₂ sorption. Although the surface area of LDH decreased after Na₂CO₃ impregnation, CO₂ sorption uptake was greatly enhanced by the additional basicity of Na₂CO₃. The crystal structure of Na₂CO₃ in the Na₂CO₃-impregnated LDH changed from monoclinic to hexagonal with increasing temperature, and the sorbed-CO₂ was stored in the form of carbonate. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to measure CO₂ sorption uptake at 200–600 °C. The sample of Na₂CO₃: LDH=0.35: 1 weight ratio had the largest CO₂ sorption uptake among the tested sorbents, and the CO₂ sorption uptake tended to increase even after 400 °C.     

VB1和碳酸钠催化安息香缩合反应

以VB1为催化剂的安息香缩合反应通常在NaOH存在下进行,由于NaOH碱性较强,容易导致VB1结构破坏,重现性较低。探索了利用安全、温和的碱性试剂碳酸钠合成安息香的工艺条件,并通过单因素实验进行了优化。实验结果表明,10.5g(0.1mol)苯甲醛在15mL 95%乙醇加5mL水的混合溶液中,1.75g VB1和7.5mL10%Na2CO3催化下于75℃反应2.0h,收率可达到60.5%。     

Na2CO3基吸附剂颗粒制备及其脱碳性能

采用挤压-滚圆法制备Na₂CO₃基CO₂吸附剂微球颗粒,在自行设计的CO₂吸收系统中对制备的样品进行脱碳性能测试。结合相关表征测试,探明不同载体、不同负载量的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能的变化规律和内在原因。研究表明：不同载体的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒脱碳性能存在明显差异,其中氧化铝负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃）的脱碳性能最好,可达1.14mmol/g。铝酸钙水泥负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/CA）机械性能较好,但其脱碳性能最差。结合吸附剂脱碳和机械性能的综合考量,Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃是最为合适的CO₂吸附剂,并进一步研究不同Na₂CO₃负载量的影响。研究发现随着Na₂CO₃负载量的变化,吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能都存在明显的差异。虽然60%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒的机械性能和脱碳效果较好,但其成球度较差,影响其实际应用。质量分数40%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒具有良好的脱碳性能、机械性能以及成球度,CO₂脱除量为1.36mmol/g。总体而言,利用挤压-滚圆法制备的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒具有良好的流动特性、脱碳性能和机械性能,适用于电厂烟气中的CO₂脱除。     

碳酸钠催化微波合成阿司匹林的方法探索

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用无水碳酸钠作为催化剂经O-酰化反应合成了阿司匹林。比较了微波合成法与传统浓硫酸催化方法对目标化合物合成的影响,探讨了催化剂的结构特征及反应条件对合成产物的影响。结果表明,微波合成法具有操作简单、时间短、对环境和设备影响小、产品质量好、适合绿色化学合成的要求等优点。     

TiO2掺杂对Na2CO3/Al2O3吸收剂CO2捕捉性能的影响

钠基固体吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气CO₂技术具有反应温度低、能耗低等优点,日益受到学术界的关注。该技术的主要不足是吸收剂的活性成分碳酸钠与CO₂的反应（碳酸化反应）活性较低。针对这一问题,本文旨在研制一种新型改性钠基固体吸收剂,采用活性氧化铝作为载体、TiO₂作为掺杂剂进行改性,利用热重分析装置、XRD、SEM和氮吸附仪研究钠基固体吸收剂的CO₂捕捉性能。结果表明：掺杂TiO₂后,钠基固体吸收剂与CO₂的反应速率加快,CO₂捕捉量增加;反应前后除TiO₂外无其他含Ti化合物生成;碳酸化反应产物为NaHCO₃和Na₅H₃（CO₃）₄;然而TiO₂掺杂过多会堵塞吸收剂的微观孔道,不利于甚至阻碍碳酸化反应的进行,因此,TiO₂的掺杂量应控制在一定的范围内。     

Polymer reaction in polycarbonate with Na2CO3

The recombination of polycarbonate (PC) chains has been researched as one of the studies on self‐repairing materials. The specimens, which included sodium carbonate and Tri(2,4‐di‐t‐buthylphenyl)phosphate, were treated at 120°C in a steam chamber and subsequently at 130°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The molecular weight of the specimen with 0.1 ppm of sodium carbonate increased during the subsequent treatment. The same tendency was observed when sodium carbonate was supplementally added to the specimen. In particular, the molecular weight little changed under severe condition when the concentration of sodium carbonate was controlled to be 100 to 1000 ppm. The result showed PC could be used as a self‐repairing material. The deterioration is expected to be minimized if the recovery rate is the same as the deterioration rate by applying these self‐repairing systems. The tensile strength, the transparency, and the reaction schemes are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 920–926, 2004     

HCl滴定Na2CO3溶液pH计算

从解离平衡、水解效应、共轭酸碱的缓冲效应、质子条件式、物料、电荷守恒关系入手建立相应的数学表达式,选出科学、合理的数学关系式跟踪计算滴定过程溶液pH变化情况。利用典型数据化学计量点、滴定突跃的pH,优化滴定方案。     

超低分压下CO2在NaOH和Na2CO3水溶液中的溶解度

在10℃、25℃、35℃下分别测定了超低分压下CO2在NaOH和Na2CO3水溶液中的溶解度，并建立了该过程基于化学平衡和相平衡的数学模型。建立了一套CO2在碱性水溶液中吸收的相平衡实验装置，并进行了实验测试和结果分析。     

Na2CO3-K2CO3熔盐法同时制取合成气和金属锌

针对传统的甲烷转化制合成气及金属锌制备技术的缺陷,提出了一种新型的熔融盐反应体系,在熔融盐反应器中以熔融盐(质量比为1:1的Na2CO3/K2CO3)为反应介质对CH4与ZnO反应同时生成金属锌和合成气作了实验研究,利用气相色谱对气体组分进行了分析. 结果表明,反应尾气组分主要是H2, CO和CH4,未检测到CO2,其中合成气的量及H2/CO比例随反应温度的升高而增加,在1198 K左右获得了H2/CO比为2的合成气. 合成气和金属锌分别从气相和熔融盐中获得. 用XRD, SEM及EDS对金属锌产品和熔融盐进行了表征,发现反应后的熔融盐含有少量Na2O和NaOH,来自于CH4与熔融盐之间的微弱反应,由此推断熔融盐还具有消碳功能.     

C3S and C2S hydration in the presence of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4

This study analyses the behavior of calcium silicates C₃S and C₂S hydrated in two alkaline media, Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄. The silicates were synthesized with laboratory reagents and hydrated in water, to which solid‐state alkaline activators with 4 wt% Na₂CO₃ or 4 wt% Na₂SO₄ were added. Two‐ and 28‐day mechanical strength values were determined and the reaction products were characterized with XRD, SEM/EDX, and ²⁹Si and ²³Na MAS NMR. The findings showed that the presence of Na₂CO₃ hastened hydration kinetics and stimulated early‐age mechanical strength development in both silicates. The most significant effect of sodium sulfate, however, was observed in the 28‐day material in both silicates, in which it raised strength by stimulating the precipitation of C–S–H gels with a high percentage of Q² units.