Nanoimprint lithography for the manufacturing of flexible electronics

Flexible electronics have received considerable attention in academies and industries for their promising applications in enormous fields, such as flexible displays, wearable sensors, artificial skins, and flexible energy devices. Challenges remain in developing a flexible and scalable manufacturing method to facilitate the fabrication of multi-functional structures in a flexible electronic system. Nanoimprint lithography is a high resolution and low-cost approach to fabricate nanostructures over a large area. This paper reviews recent progress of nanoimprint lithography and its applications in flexible electronics. The basic principles, classification, research focus, and critical issues of nanoimprint lithography are elaborated. Then, the advantages of nanoimprint lithography are demonstrated in several typical applications related to flexible electronics, including conductive films, optoelectronic devices, flexible sensors, energy harvesting and storage devices, and bioinspired electronic devices. Finally,the challenges and perspectives of nanoimprint lithography in flexible electronic systems are discussed.     

Flexible smart sensing skin for “Fly-by-Feel” morphing aircraft

Flexible smart sensing skin is a key enabling technology for the future “Fly-by-Feel” control of morphing aircraft. It represents the next-generation skin of aircraft that can exhibit a more powerful sensing function than a conventional one and could be mounted on arbitrary curvilinear surfaces, especially for advanced autonomic, morphing aircraft. Recent significant technical advances in flexible electronics have overcome many historic drawbacks of conventional smart skin, e.g., only a limited number of discrete block sensors can be integrated due to the inevitable structural damage and heavy guidelines. Herein, we review the key developments in flexible sensors technology and highlight both the state-of-the-art devices and the potential applications for the measurement of aircraft. We begin with the importance of flexible smart skin for morphing aircraft and then expand to the latest progress in various types of flexible sensors. Then we highlight flexible sensors as smart skin to measure aerodynamic parameters and monitor the structural health, and further to achieve the Fly-by-Feel control. Finally, the challenges and opportunities on flexible smart sensing skin are discussed, from the functional design to practical applications.

     

Flexible hybrid electronics: Enabling integration techniques and applications

The conventional electronic systems enabled by rigid electronic are prone to malfunction under deformation, greatly limiting their application prospects. As an emerging platform for applications in healthcare monitoring and human-machine interface (HMI), flexible electronics have attracted growing attention due to its remarkable advantages, such as stretchability, flexibility, conformability, and wearing comfort. However, to realize the overall electronic systems, rigid components are also required for functions such as signal acquisition and transmission. Therefore, flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), which simultaneously possesses the desirable flexibility and enables the integration of rigid components for functionality, has been emerging as a promising strategy. This paper reviews the enabling integration techniques for FHE, including technologies for two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) interconnects, bonding of rigid integrated circuit (IC) chips to soft substrate, stress-isolation structures, and representative applications of FHE. In addition, future challenges and opportunities involved in FHE-based systems are also discussed.

     

Preparation and application of gallium-based conductive materials in the very recent years

Gallium and its alloys are a group of metallic materials with low-melting points at or around room temperature. Apart from the good electrical conductivity, the unique liquid state endows those metals with excellent compliance and self-healing capacity,which present great value in the development of flexible and stretchable electronics. Constrained by the high surface tension and low viscosity, however, liquid metals cannot be applied to some common microelectronics manufacturing technologies such as micro-electro mechanics in the preceding years, which impedes their mass production in electronic devices. To address these issues and broaden the applications of liquid metals in electronics devices, numerous efforts have been taken and great progress has been made especially in the very recent years. This review summaries the recent development of liquid metal-based conductive materials from the aspects of preparation or modification methods and their accommodative fabrication techniques in flexible electronic applications. Further outlook including expectations and challenges of liquid metal-based conductive materials are also presented.     

Printing practice for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable electronics

Recently, flexible and stretchable electronics have experienced tremendous surge due to their promised applications in fields such as wearable electronics, portable energy devices, flexible display, and human-skin sensors. In order to fabricate flexible and stretchable electronics, a high-throughput, cost-saving, and eco-friendly manufacturing technology is required. Printing, which is an additive patterning process, can meet those requirements. In this article, printing fabrication is compared with conventional lithography process. Practices at the author's group utilizing printing for the fabrication of flexible thin-film transistors, flexible hybrid circuits and stretchable systems are presented, which has proven that printing can indeed be a viable method to fabricate flexible and stretchable electronics.     

Progress and trend of sensor technology for on-line oil monitoring

Oil monitoring constitutes an important and essential component of condition monitoring technologies and has distinguished advantages in revealing wear, lubrication and friction conditions of tribo-pairs. Newly developed on-line/in-line oil monitoring technologies extend the merits into real-time applications and demonstrate significant benefits in maintenance and management of equipment. This paper comprehensively reviews the progress of on-line/in-line oil monitoring techniques including sensor technologies, their scopes and industrial applications. Based on the existing developments and applications of the sensors for oil quality and wear debris measurements, the trends for future sensor developments are discussed with focuses on accurate, integrated and intelligent features along with exploring a fundamental issue, that is, acquiring the knowledge on degradation mechanisms which has not received sufficient attention until now. Current status of applications of on-line oil monitoring is also reviewed. Although limited reports have been found on this topic, increasing awareness and encouraging progress in on-line monitoring techniques are recognized in applications such as aircraft, shipping, railway, mining, etc. Key fundamental issues for further extending the on-line oil monitoring techniques in industries are proposed and they include long-term reliability of sensors in harsh conditions, and agreement with fault or maintenance determination.     

紫外光通信:原理、技术与展望

与传统视距光通信不同,紫外光通信能够实现非视距通信,广泛地应用于视距链路受阻的场景,近年来工业互联网的高速发展催生了工业设备间大容量灵活组网通信的需求,这给紫外光通信带来了新机遇。为推动紫外光通信的实用化研究,阐明了紫外光通信的主要应用场景,概述了紫外光通信的研究现状,介绍了硬件试验、信道模型、信道估计与检测、空间分集技术等关键技术,展望了紫外光中继与双工通信、紫外光传感网络和非视距定位技术等未来发展方向和相应挑战。     

坐标测量技术半世纪——演变与趋势

坐标测量技术是现代制造和测量水平的重要标志.回顾了坐标测量技术发展的十大标志性事件,从测量范围及精度、探测技术、控制系统、测量软件、精度评定与溯源技术等角度概述了坐标测量技术的现状.预测应用于生产现场的开放性、兼容性和柔性俱佳的坐标测量控制技术,多传感器信息融合技术,智能坐标测量技术以及远程校准技术等将成为坐标测量技术的发展趋势.     

基于Web Service的设备管理系统的实现

Web技术的出现与发展,为在全球范围内的信息资源共享提供了基础架构,而Web服务则是这种基础架构的体现。随着全球化经济的发展,制造企业也向着全球化协作企业的方向发展,企业面临着新的机遇和挑战。设备管理是企业管理的重点,在产品的设计、试制、加工、销售和售后服务等全过程的生产经营活动中,无不体现出设备管理的重要性。因此设备管理贯穿在整个产品生命周期中,需要和企业其他业务流程进行应用集成,实现信息化。同时,设备的供应商、制造商、设备应用企业以及科研院所和政府机构需要集成互联起来,为设备管理提供全球协同服务。而基于Web服务的设备管理系统是实现这些目标的可行途径。     

Key technologies in whole lifecycle of electromechanical products: state of art

Nowadays, issues on population, environment and resource have become the world's attentive focus. Sustainable development has been widely accepted around the world. As one of the biggest waste generator and resources consumer, manufacturing industry is facing more challenges as well as opportunities. In order to reduce both resource consuming and waste discharging effectively, traditionally manufacturing mode should be improved. Newly emerged creative technologies and strategies, including green design, green manufacturing and cleaner production,are regarded as the radical resolvent for current environment and resource issues and they will be the only way in the future that manufacturing will evolve. In this paper, a serial of research on green design/manufacturing and cleaner product theoretically and practically was presented. These creative technology and strategy will give strong support to‘green’the whole electromechanical designing and manufacturing processes.     

大数据安全保障关键技术分析综述

针对作为各个行业信息化建设重要基础支撑的大数据在收集、存储、传输和使用过程中面临的诸多安全风险,分析了大数据在这些过程中面临的安全威胁.综述了大数据相关系统平台和大数据应用中安全保障的关键技术及最新进展,包括用户访问控制、数据隔离、数据完整性、隐私保护、安全审计、高级持续性攻击(advanced persistent threat,APT)防范等,以应对云计算、物联网、移动互联等新技术的快速发展对大数据带来的安全挑战和更高的安全要求.同时也对大数据的安全保障技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

云制造模式与支撑技术

云计算正迅速改变着信息系统设计、构建和服务方式,全球化背景下的现代制造也呈现出按需、自组织和网络化分布的“云态”特点;云制造借鉴云计算的理念,利用云计算技术、物联网技术,将制造资源虚拟化和制造能力服务化,提供面向制造企业的主动、敏捷、聚合、全方位的制造能力服务。论文对云制造模式及其特征进行了探讨,对云制造资源和能力的云端化、资源聚集与服务、服务运营与交易等支撑技术进行分析,提出了一种新型的云制造服务支撑系统架构;研发系统原型并在汽车类企业群进行了应用验证,有效提升了供应链协作的效率和效益。     

Key technologies in whole lifecycle of electromechanical products: state of art

Nowadays, issues on population, environment and resource have become the world’s attentive focus. Sustainable development has been widely accepted around the world. As one of the biggest waste generator and resources consumer, manufacturing industry is facing more challenges as well as opportunities. In order to reduce both resource consuming and waste discharging effectively, traditionally manufacturing mode should be improved. Newly emerged creative technologies and strategies, including green design, green manufacturing and cleaner production, are regarded as the radical resolvent for current environment and resource issues and they will be the only way in the future that manufacturing will evolve. In this paper, a serial of research on green design/manufacturing and cleaner product theoretically and practically was presented. These creative technology and strategy will give strong support to ‘green’ the whole electromechanical designing and manufacturing processes. Foundation item: Project (2002AA421240, 2004AA420120) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; project (50445003) the supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

国产柔性坐标测量机机械部分设计与调试

经过4a研制出了6自由度柔性坐标测量机并形成产品投放到国内市场．主要介绍了其机械部分设计、制造与调试的思路和措施,选用高精度光栅传感器并精心调整光栅偏心,通过圆光栅读数误差试验,实现对光栅测角误差的修正,从而确保了该产品的测量精度．     

形状记忆聚合物在4D打印技术下的研究及应用

为了打破传统3D打印的静止约束,增加打印结构的可变形性和可设计性,4D打印的相关研究逐渐兴起. 综述了4D打印技术的发展和原理,总结了熔融沉积技术、立体光固化成型技术、聚合物喷射技术和直写技术这4种常见的打印方式的工作方式以及它们对材料的不同需求. 从外界不同激励的角度,对形状记忆聚合物的变形方式、机理及回复程度等进行分析与总结,对形状记忆聚合物目前存在的关键科学难点和未来的发展方向进行总结. 使用形状记忆聚合物的4D打印形状记忆智能结构在微创生物医学、机器人、柔性电子制造等研究领域已经有了应用,并表现出良好前景.     

大数据系统和分析技术综述

针对作为各个行业信息化建设重要基础支撑的大数据在收集、存储、传输和使用过程中面临的诸多安全风险,分析了大数据在这些过程中面临的安全威胁. 综述了大数据相关系统平台和大数据应用中安全保障的关键技术及最新进展,包括用户访问控制、数据隔离、数据完整性、隐私保护、安全审计、高级持续性攻击(advanced persistent threat,APT)防范等,以应对云计算、物联网、移动互联等新技术的快速发展对大数据带来的安全挑战和更高的安全要求. 同时也对大数据的安全保障技术的发展趋势进行了展望.

     

水轮机CAD／CAE／CAM一体化系统设计

结合水轮机设计制造关键技术,提出了水轮机CAD／CAE／CAM一体化系统设计方法,实现了水轮机设计的数字化定义、计算模型建立、边界条件处理、交互作业、结果分析与图形化处理、性能预测等功能的软件集成和数据共享,实现了水轮机的水力设计、流体动力分析、结构刚强度分析、动力分析、数控编程与仿真加工。     

Autonomous vehicles: challenges,opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities pertaining to transportation policies that may arise as a result of emerging autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies. AV technologies can decrease the transportation cost and increase accessibility to low-income households and persons with mobility issues. This emerging technology also has far-reaching applications and implications beyond all current expectations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and explores a broad spectrum of issues from safety to machine ethics. An indispensable part of a prospective AV development is communication over cars and infrastructure (connected vehicles). A major knowledge gap exists in AV technology with respect to routing behaviors. Connected-vehicle technology provides a great opportunity to implement an efficient and intelligent routing system. To this end, we propose a conceptual navigation model based on a fleet of AVs that are centrally dispatched over a network seeking system optimization. This study contributes to the literature on two fronts: (i) it attempts to shed light on future opportunities as well as possible hurdles associated with AV technology; and (ii) it conceptualizes a navigation model for the AV which leads to highly efficient traffic circulations.

     

数字孪生变电站框架设计与关键技术研究

随着智能电网快速推进与新技术领域的出现，以变电站为代表的能源互联网系统拓扑结构趋于复杂，传统运维管理模式已经难以满足变电站规划设计、监测分析和运行优化的要求。数字孪生（Digital Twin, DT）技术的发展给电力系统的智能化管理带来诸多便利。然而作为推动能源电力行业数字化、智能化的关键技术，相关研究与应用处于初期起步阶段，将数字孪生技术工程应用于能源电力各业务环节依然存在诸多挑战，亟需开展系统性研究，以突破适应能源电力行业特殊性的数字孪生关键技术。为此，本文以变电站作为应用场景，首先对变电站运维管理现状进行了分析，指出现阶段变电站巡检模式缺陷、模型精度不够、感知参量单一、缺乏对数据的深度挖掘等问题。以此设计了一套涵盖空间信息与设备建模、变电主设备机理建模、智能反馈控制、设备感知网络、基于数据驱动的数字孪生体模型的仿真，以及三维可视化渲染与应用的数字孪生变电站模型框架。然后讨论了变电站数字孪生技术面临的问题与挑战，包括：高性能、低成本、高精度、低功耗、高集成度与智能化的变电站专用传感器研制；海量多源异构数据存储管理与计算资源优化分配；孪生模型精度亟待提升与可解释性缺乏论证；“数据安全”与“数据孤岛”给数据驱动的模型训练带来挑战；高精度实景三维重建与虚拟实体动态更新算法的研究。针对提出的问题与挑战，进而探讨了解决问题的关键技术研究，包括基于压缩感知理论的新工艺、新材料的智能传感器技术；海量多源异构数据分布式云存储技术与以安全私有云为核心的数据管理体系；云边协同计算技术；数据驱动与机理知识融合建模技术；满足隐私保护和数据安全前提下的模型训练技术——可信联邦学习；实景三维重建、点云语义分割、点云动态可视化、虚拟现实等计算机视觉相关技术。结合数字孪生模型设计与关键技术问题的探讨，给出了一套面向工程应用的数字孪生变电站系统设计方案，重点阐述了包括变电站设备实时监测、设备故障诊断与故障预测、运维决策优化与智能反馈控制等典型的应用场景。数字孪生技术与变电业务各环节的深度结合，有助于智慧变电站运维管理发展与效能提升、开辟数字化智能变电站运维管理新模式。进一步，数字孪生技术的发展成熟必将推动整个能源电力行业打破数据、技术壁垒，实现电力全产业链上下游企业的价值、技术协同，构建更大范围的数字孪生系统，具有显著社会效益和战略意义。     

柔性制造系统工程训练教学实践

在实验室引入柔性制造系统用于工程训练教学,以加强学生柔性制造及科技创新能力的培养.该系统可以实现综合调控、终端控制、网络数据交换等功能,基本包括了绝大部分工业生产中所涉及的应用技术.通过该系统教学,可使学生基本认识柔性制造技术,提高科技创新能力.