基于DSP和ARM的自适应振动信号采集系统

本文提出并设计了一种能够实现增益自适应功能的振动信号采集系统,该系统采用数字信号处理器（DSP）及嵌入式处理器（ARM）。该系统特点是能够根据被测信号的幅值变化自动调节放大器的增益,因而使得系统具有较广泛的适应性。同时利用SPI接口进行DSP与ARM之间的通信和数据传输,实现了高动态范围振动信号的高速采集。     

一种增益自适应光电信号放大器

该文设计了一种针对光电信号的可自动调控增益的微弱电流信号放大器,该放大器使用电压比较电路与数字逻辑电路结合。电压比较电路对将输入的电压信号与设定的三个基准电压进行比较,再使用数字逻辑电路对比较结果进行处理得到增益选择信号,实现了电路根据输入信号的幅值自动选择放大增益。实验表明,该放大器可以将不同幅值的电流信号按照电路选择的增益放大到适合AD采集的幅值范围。     

宽带放大器的设计与制作

该设计放大部分采用集成电路,具有硬件电路形式简单,频带宽,增益高,AGC动态范围宽的特点,且增益可调,步进间隔小。该宽带放大器以可编程增益放大器AD603为核心,由三级放大器组成,前级放大主要是提高输入阻抗,对小信号进行放大;中间级为可变增益放大器,主要作用是实现增益可调及AGC功能,增益控制和AGC功能都由单片机控制,可预置并显示增益值,增益范围-6dB～48dB,步进6dB,后级放大进一步增加放大倍数,扩大输出电流,提升放大器的带负载能力,提高输出电压幅度,范围为10dB~46dB。后级输出接峰值检波电路,检波电路输出由单片机采样并计算后,用液晶显示屏显示输出正弦波电压的有效值。     

一种指数增益控制宽范围可变增益放大器

采用中芯国际(SMIC)0.35μm CMOS混合信号工艺设计了一个具有指数增益特性的宽增益调节范围的可变增益放大器,其作为对信号的前级放大单元已经应用在了本中心设计的一款用于红外信号接收的芯片中.设计的这款可变增益放大器由Gilbert单元、指数转换电路、固定增益放大器组成.经过HSPICE仿真验证,该放大器可以实现-11.3dB-33.4dB的增益连续变化,其-3dB带宽为5.2MHz、相位裕度60°、控制电流与增益成dB-线性,很好地满足了整个红外接收芯片对其的性能要求.     

增益可变全频道电视天线放大器

为了解决偏远山区电视接收信号差、收台少的难题,本人设计出一种适用的天线放大器。它分成三个档次,即零增益档,用于信号强时,不经过放大,直接输出;中增益档,用于信号较弱时,经一定增益放大后输出;高增益档,用于信号很弱时,可经过比普通放大器高1倍增益放大后输出。高增益放大可以解决山区信号弱,虽能收到台,但不能收看的难题。该放大器经本人制作试用,效果甚好,现把它推荐给爱好者,以便为更多的山区人民服务。工作原理:图1为放大器电路原理图,该放大器电源经变压器T1变压,二极管     

2^0—2^8阶码放大器

本文介绍一种增益为２＾０～２＾８倍的阶码放大器的设计思想,该放大器选用新型的程控放大器为主放大器,采用类似ＦＬＡＳＨ Ａ／Ｄ转换器的原理来对瞬时信号子样比较,编码,再控制程控放大器对信号进行放大,以;实现扩大放大器功态范围的目的。     

一种适用于微弱传感信号检测的锁相放大电路

针对复杂噪声环境中有效提取出微弱传感信号的问题,设计了一种实用的锁相放大器电路。该设计通过产生两路正交的矢量参考信号与经低噪声放大和带通滤波后的被测信号相乘实现信号相位差检测,经过低通滤波和均方根计算等实现对微弱信号的提取。该设计采用了一种基于变换的方波乘法器,实现了动态范围宽、直流漂移小、线性度高的乘法运算,进一步提高提取信号的精度。测试结果表明,该设计不但提取的信号精度高,而且电路结构简单,对元件一致性要求低,克服了普通放大器需要被预知被测信号和参考信号相差的问题。     

一种超宽带幅度补偿均衡器的设计仿真

在通信宽带的优化设计中,幅度均衡放大器能够有效扩大超宽带接收机的动态范围,但是,放大器放大信号的同时也同时放大了噪声干扰.传统的幅度均衡器在使用的过程中,无法避免信号传输过程中非主动放大的杂波干扰,增加了信号增益在超宽带接收机各个链级上的不稳定性.提出一种基于小波神经网络算法的超宽带小型化幅度均衡器设计方法.利用小波变化的方法进行滤波,消除了杂波干扰.构建幅度均衡器神经网络模型,对系统中各个层的信号传输误差进行补偿,最后对各个层次的补偿信号进行融合,实现了对超宽带接收机各个链级上的增益信号进行有效补偿的目的.仿真结果表明,利用改进方法能够对波形信号进行补偿,避免了欠激励和过激励现象.     

基于数字反馈的自动增益控制放大器

自动增益控制放大器是指当输入信号幅度改变时,放大器的放大倍数能随输入信号幅度相应改变,使得输出信号幅度不变的放大器,在信号系统中有着广泛的应用。本文提出了一种基于数字反馈的自动增益控制放大器设计,具有精度高,可编程等优点。本设计由信号调理电路和单片机控制两模块组成。信号调理电路分为4个部分,分别为输入缓冲级、程控放大级、主放大级、功率放大级,频率和幅度测量电路。输入缓冲采用OPA656,程控放大器为VCA810,主放大采用OP37,功率放大采用的是两个BUF634并联。MSP430F2618单片机主要进行AD采样以及DA输出控制放大倍数,实现自动增益的功能,从而得到稳定的信号输出.经过测试,本设计输入动态范围可达54d B,输出误差小于10%。     

热释电红外测温系统设计

该系统以KDS9型热释电红外传感器作为核心部件,并利用它来实现非接触式测温。其测量原理是采用红外探测器将被测物体的红外辐射能量转换成微弱的电荷信号,再通过场效应管复合放大电路对该电荷信号进行放大和阻抗变换,将其转换为电压输出形式;采用LM358运算放大器组成带通滤波电路及积分电路对信号进行积分、检测,并保持其峰值;利用...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.