故障样本的多指标集成加权分配方法

针对测试性验证实验中故障样本分配结果置信度比较低的问题,提出了一种多指标集成加权的分配方法。首先,综合分析故障属性与环境因子对故障样本分配结果置信度的影响,在此基础上,定量计算影响指标的值;其次,采用集成加权法确定各个指标的权重;最后,利用归一化后的指标比值进行故障样本分配。该方法改进了故障率、严酷度、危害度及指标权重的计算方法,并提出了故障样本分配中故障-环境关联度的计算方法。在某型装备故障样本分配中的应用结果表明,该方法的分配结果更合理,置信度更高,更具有实际应用价值。     

FDR验证试验的故障样本分配策略研究

故障率作为测试性验证试验故障样本分配的主要影响因素,针对一些情况下使得故障样本分配结果的合理性不足的问题,以故障检测率(Fault Detection Rate, FDR)作为验证指标,提出了一种考虑严酷度的样本故障模式选取方法。提出了基于模糊证据推理的故障模式严酷度排序解决方法。通过对相关标准中涉及的故障样本分配策略进行梳理,针对现行多因子综合加权比例分配方法不足之处,根据故障模式种类与验证样本量的数量关系,区分不同情况,借助预选样本集随机抽样、考虑严酷度的取整策略,以及动态概率调整,合理改善了故障率主体分配方案进行故障模式选取时样本分配集中不合理的状况。以某装备单元的FDR验证试验为例,验证了所提故障样本分配方法的可行性合理性。     

基于扩展多信号模型的故障样本可拓评价方法

合理确定评价指标及分配指标权重对故障样本评价至关重要,文章在综合考虑测试性验证试验目的和考核内容的基础上,提出一种基于扩展多信号模型的故障样本可拓评价方法;方法基于扩展多信号流图构建故障样本评价的指标,结合可拓学理论,建立基于平均故障关联度的故障样本集可拓评价模型,并对某型机载数传测试性验证试验故障样本进行评价;研究结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

雷达装备测试性验证及应用研究

针对目前雷达装备测试性论证、设计和验收中缺乏系统、有效的测试性验证方法的问题,提出了适合于雷达装备测试性验证程序和实施方案,重点对测试性定量指标验证样本量的确定方法、故障注入模式的选取原则、故障样本分配以及系统测试性评价进行了研究;该验证方法充分考虑了装备承制方和订购方风险,可用于雷达装备故障检测率、故障隔离率和虚警率的验证与评估;最后进行了实例分析,结果表明该方法能够达到测试性验证的效果,具有一定的实用性和参考价值。     

基于理想度的故障样本集评估优选方法研究

针对测试性验证试验中多次抽样得到的样本集存在随机误差的问题,提出基于理想度的故障样本集评估优选方法.首先确定了样本集评估指标体系,利用信息熵法确定了各个指标的权重,然后通过建立优化理想度模型来描述故障样本集的代表性.应用表明,该方法可以有效地评估故障样本集,指导故障样本的选取,结论分析表明该方法相比已有方法更加合理,工程适用性更高.     

测试性验证试验中的综合评估方法

针对目前测试性验证试验工程应用中测试性评估方法不适用的现状,创新性地提出了测试性综合评估方法及测试性指标折算模型,在实验室物理故障注入结果评估的基础上进行提升和完善。该综合评估方法将测试性仿真结果、自然发生故障的评估结果,以及实验室物理故障注入的评估结果进行综合,给出产品的测试性水平,确保测试性评估的准确与合理。最终为测试性验证试验的有效开展提供工程上可行的理论依据,对工程应用具有很强的指导性。     

基于二次线性插值的测试性分配方法研究

为了实现对测试性指标的合理高效分配,考虑当前测试性发展的主流技术,以及分析测试性分配影响因素的基础上,提出了基于二次线性插值的测试性分配方法;运用测试性建模的理念,首先对系统进行横向划分和纵向划分,实现LRU与功能属性之间的映射关系,并对LRU进行聚类,根据聚类结果对指标进行第一次分配,即把指标分配给功能属性;然后,在功能属性的要求下,考虑各LRU的故障率、测试和故障扩散强度等特性参数,进行第二次插值分配;最后用实例进行了验证,结果表明:分配过程简单,结果可信无需修正,更符合实际要求;提出的方法打破了传统级级分配测试性指标的理念,采用两次分配即可实现系统级指标到LRU级指标的分配。     

模糊灰色关联分析在BIT测试性能评价中的应用

机内测试(BIT)作为一种能显著提高系统测试性和诊断能力的重要技术,已大量应用于雷达装备中;为了测试性验证试验之前获得基本上判定BIT测试性能力,提出了一种基于模糊灰色关联分析的测试能力评估方法;首先确定了用于评估BIT测试能力的指标,该指标有效地将机内测试的测试覆盖率、故障覆盖、结构覆盖等多个特性指标综合考虑;利用模糊层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,然后通过灰色关联分析建立了BIT方案集与测试诊断能力间的距离模型,通过该距离模型来评估BIT测试能力;应用表明,该方法可以有效指导测试性设计及在装备的测试性试验前对装备的BIT设计进行评价.     

基于费用函数的测试性指标优化分配方法

测试性指标的优化分配关系到改进系统测试性水平所需的费用。建立了基于费用函数的测试性指标优化分配模型。根据费用函数需满足的基本要求,以费用最小为目标,设计了一种实用的非线性费用函数。分析了费用函数中各参数对费用的影响以及各参数的获取方法。针对该非线性规划问题,在给定的系统测试性指标下,采用遗传算法求解全局最优解。应用结果表明遗传算法能够获得合理的测试性分配值,费用函数可以用于系统测试性指标的优化分配。     

基于多信号模型的火控系统测试性分析与仿真验证

近年来,产品的测试性在国内已逐步得到人们的重视;在航空航天领域,具有较强机内测试能力、测试性水平高的产品由于任务可靠性高和安全性能好,受到了广泛的欢迎;测试性的仿真验证在武器装备的测试性模型上进行,能够避免实装试验的一些缺点,是实现武器系统测试性详细设计、指标验证,武器系统测试性效能综合评价的新技术;通过采用基于多信号模型的系统测试性分析与仿真验证方法,对某型主战坦克火控系统的测试性分析与测试性水平进行了评估,作为在陆军装甲装备中开展测试性工作的探讨,以期为新研武器装备测试性水平和故障诊断能力的提高起到一定的参考作用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.