基于多尺度连接模型的脑MRI模糊分类

针对传统分割方法在分割数量上的限制,以及模糊聚类方法在层次优化上的不足,提出一种有效的基于多尺度连接模型的人脑磁共振图像模糊分类算法。对脑磁共振图像进行灰度不均匀性校正后,该方法通过非线性扩散连接模型引入尺度间的模糊约束,定义2个模糊距离,并应用到模糊聚类算法中,组合尺度间和尺度内的模糊约束,给出一个多分辨模糊聚类框架。实验结果表明了该算法的准确性和有效性。     

基于分水岭的多目标核聚类图像分割

传统的聚类图像分割方法一般仅仅利用图像中的灰度信息。为了更好地利用图像中的区域和边缘信息,提出一种基于分水岭过分割的多目标模糊核聚类图像分割算法。该算法采用分水岭算法获得图像的过分割区域,采用多目标模糊核聚类算法对区域代表点和分水岭上的像素进行聚类。根据聚类结果将图像中的像素进行标记,得到最终的分割图像。实验结果表明,由于利用了图像区域信息,使得目标能够比较完整地从背景中分离出来。     

基于成对约束的动态加权半监督模糊核聚类

针对样本间的不均衡性,提出一种基于成对约束的动态加权半监督模糊核聚类算法。在传统模糊聚类算法中加入半监督学习机制,通过Mercer核将原数据空间映射到特征空间,为特征空间中的每个向量分配一个动态权值,由此得到新的目标函数,并结合一种简单的核参数选择方法实现数据分类。理论分析和实验结果表明,与模糊核聚类算法及成对约束的竞争群算法相比,该算法具有更好的聚类效果。     

基于粒子群的改进模糊聚类图像分割算法

基于粒子群优化的改进模糊聚类图像分割算法将微粒群搜索聚类中心作为图像分割的聚类初值,克服了FCM分割算法对聚类中心初值敏感的缺点,大幅提高了图像分割算法的计算速度。改进的模糊聚类图像分割算法,一方面考虑到像素的空间位置信息和相互邻域之间像素有很大的相关性,在目标函数中引入邻域惩罚函数;另一方面提出聚类在二维方向上进行更新的思想,建立了包含邻域单元熵的新聚类目标函数。实验结果表明,该方法可以使模糊聚类的速度得到明显提高,对初始聚类中心不敏感,抗噪能力强,是一种有效的模糊聚类图像分割方法。     

基于混沌差分进化模糊聚类的多模型建模

针对模糊C-均值聚类算法存在对初始聚类中心敏感和聚类目标函数容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了1种基于混沌差分进化模糊C-均值聚类的多模型建模方法.该方法采用混沌差分进化算法对模糊C-均值聚类的目标函数进行全局寻优,能有效的解决上述问题.将该方法应用于双酚A生产过程的质量指标软测量建模,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

基于改进FCM聚类的BT-SVM多类分类算法

针对二叉树支持向量机在多类分类问题上存在的不足,利用粒子群算法对模糊C均值聚类算法进行了改进,在此基础上,结合二又树支持向量机,构建了偏二叉树多类分类算法.该方法在二叉树各节点处根据聚类中心所对应的样本构造学习样本集和最优分类超平面,保障了聚类精度,有效地提高了测试正确率.实验表明,本文提出BT-SVM多类分类算法的测试正确率要高于同类多类分类算法.     

一种基于微粒群的模糊聚类算法

模糊聚类的FCM算法由于得不到各聚类的解析解,使其在某些应用中出现问题。为此,该文提出了一种基于微粒群理论的模糊聚类方法,利用微粒群自动调整各模糊聚类的中心点及其隶属函数参数,使模糊聚类符合数据分布特征,同时得到各聚类的隶属函数解析解。通过典型模糊分类问题,说明了该算法的有效性。     

基于多尺度并行免疫克隆优化聚类算法

针对无监督分类问题,提出一种多尺度并行免疫克隆优化聚类算法.算法中,进化在多个子群之间并行进行,不同子群的抗体根据子群适应度采用不同变异尺度.进化初期,利用大尺度变异子群实现全局最优解空间的快速定位,同时变异尺度随着适应值的提升逐渐降低;进化后期,利用小尺度变异子群完成局部解空间的精确搜索.将新算法与其他聚类算法进行比较,所得结果表明新算法具有较好的聚类性能和鲁棒性.     

密度峰值聚类的全尺度相关滤波跟踪方法

针对背景感知相关滤波算法对目标进行尺度预测时采用图像金字塔,在跟踪过程中需要根据多尺度的目标样本训练出跟踪滤波器,导致跟踪过程中存在计算开销大、跟踪速度慢的问题,提出了一种基于密度峰值聚类的全尺度跟踪方法。分别提取搜索区域中目标和背景的特征信息,通过密度峰值聚类方法分别对目标和背景进行聚类;通过单尺度的滤波器对目标位置进行粗预测,并通过交替方向乘子法（ADMM）降低滤波器训练的时间复杂度;对搜索区域中的前景点和背景点进行分类,并根据尺度置信度得到目标的最终位置与尺度。该算法和目前一些主流的跟踪算法在公共数据集通过在OTB2013、OTB2015和DTB70上进行实验,在有效提高跟踪速度的前提下,面对旋转、遮挡等多种复杂情况时的跟踪效果较好、跟踪成功率较高,满足实时性要求。     

空战多目标模糊聚类算法研究

针对传统多机多目标攻击不易解算攻击任务分配,且计算量大的问题,提出基于划分的多目标模糊聚类算法,该算法根据目标属性的相似性进行多目标分类,可以有效地降低多目标任务分配解算维数,减少运算量,提高解算速度。采用FCM算法以及改进FCM算法度量方式构成的其他各个不同算法,建立空战多目标模糊聚类数学模型,对两组不同数据进行仿真分析,得到不同情况下的各算法的优劣性及适用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.