一种改进的类人足球机器人彩色目标识别算法

针对类人足球机器人视觉需求,提出一种结合区域生长和基于形状判别的阈值自适应更新的彩色目标识别算法。该算法在HSI空间基于S分量把图像分为高饱和区域和低饱和区域,在高饱和区域基于H分量采用区域生长算法识别目标;通过目标形状判别自适应更新阈值,并用新阈值更新区域生长中原来的阈值,以稳定准确地识别彩色目标。在类人足球机器人系统中的成功应用表明,该算法能在不同光照条件下稳定地识别出彩色目标,对光照环境有良好的适应性和鲁棒性,具有良好的识别效果。     

基于卡尔曼自适应滤波算法的机动目标仿真研究

卡尔曼滤波理论在目标跟踪中得到成功的应用,但是在目标各种运动状态下仅利用卡尔曼滤波很难具有良好的跟踪性能。介绍了几种自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,对基于"当前"统计模型的卡尔曼自适应滤波算法在目标跟踪领域进行仿真,验证了卡尔曼自适应滤波算法的可靠性。     

动态背景下运动目标检测与跟踪研究

主要研究动态背景下的运动目标检测和跟踪问题。背景补偿差分法是一种常用的动态背景下运动目标检测算法,但检测到的目标轮廓要比其真实轮廓大,检测结果不准确且算法复杂度较高。主动轮廓模型在图像分割和目标提取过程中具有拓扑结构变化灵活性,对数值计算方案的设计更加方便、有效,据此提出一种基于改进C-V模型和卡尔曼滤波的算法,用来检测和跟踪动态背景下的运动目标。提出的算法利用C-V模型曲线演化检测和跟踪目标,使C-V模型在目标的边缘处收敛。结合卡尔曼滤波预测运动目标下一帧位置,从而实现对运动目标轮廓的跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法可以对动态背景下运动目标进行精确的检测与跟踪。     

复杂运动情况下的多目标检测与追踪

针对多运动目标视频序列中目标存在过缓运动且相互间遮挡的问题,提出一种改进的混合高斯模型(Gaussian Mixture Model,GMM)进行目标检测并结合卡尔曼滤波进行跟踪的新算法;在运动背景检测中,采用三帧差法和混合高斯模型的融合算法进行目标提取,解决了过缓运动目标检测区域不完整的问题;在运动目标跟踪中,由于Kalman滤波器采用目标检测结果进行预测,对观测噪声矩阵进行自适应更新,使得跟踪的稳定性得到加强;通过对比,验证了新算法对存在过缓以及遮挡的不规律运动情况的多目标检测识别与跟踪的实时有效性与准确性。     

一种尺度自适应的机器人目标跟踪算法

Mean-Shift算法是一种简单高效的目标识别算法,但是不能有效地识别被遮挡的目标和有尺度变化的目标。基于仿射变换,提出了一种尺度自适应的机器人目标跟踪算法。定义了转角点,并根据转角点匹配对目标进行区分,最后通过仿射变换识别出目标的尺度变化。与其它相关算法相比,该算法能有效地识别被跟踪目标的遮挡问题;当被跟踪目标的尺度发生改变时,该算法仍然能准确地对目标进行识别。分析表明,当视屏流中每秒的图像小于25帧并且目标的图像小于2×104个像素时,该算法可以用于目标的实时跟踪。     

模糊自适应运动目标跟踪算法

运动目标在跟踪过程中往往伴随着尺度、形状的变化,Mean shift跟踪算法由于采用固定的核窗宽度进行运动目标跟踪,因而它本身不能适应这种变化。针对Mean shift算法存在的缺点,提出一种基于模糊推理的自适应Mean shift跟踪算法,该算法利用卡尔曼滤波算法对目标当前位置进行预测;设计模糊判定准则在线调整目标尺度值,利用Mean shift迭代运算逐步逼近目标完成跟踪;利用相似度和置信度系数设计模型更新准则,以实现模板的自适应更新。实验结果证明,该算法能够适应目标尺度和背景的变化,较普通的Mean shift跟踪算法不仅跟踪精度提高,而且鲁棒性更强。     

复杂背景下感兴趣运动目标的跟踪算法

针对由于复杂背景的干扰而导致不能准确跟踪感兴趣运动目标的问题,提出一种基于多特征自适应融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法。首先在HSV颜色空间中得到感兴趣运动目标的加权颜色分布模型,然后利用不变矩特征来消除背景中相似颜色物体和光照变化的干扰,两种特征通过自适应调整权重来更新粒子权值而融合于粒子滤波算法中,从而能够准确和稳定地跟踪运动目标。实验证明,该算法在运动目标平移、姿态变化、遮挡、光照变化及相似颜色干扰等复杂背景下都能够准确地进行跟踪,对背景干扰具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种稳健的移动机器人目标跟踪算法

为了有效地实现复杂环境下机器人运动目标跟踪,提出了一种结合卡尔曼滤波和均值漂移的目标跟踪算法.该算法首先通过帧间差法在复杂背景中获取目标模型,以机器人自身一个周期的运动作为卡尔曼滤波器的输入量,以卡尔曼滤波器的估计值作为均值漂移算法的启动点,再利用均值漂移算法得到最终目标位置,最后通过目标遮挡判定来解决遮挡问题.实验表...     

改进的背景差分运动目标检测算法在DSP上实现

为解决运动目标检测算法复杂、图像数据处理量大的缺陷以及有效提取运动目标的的位置、大小、形状等信息,利用基于卡尔曼滤波的估计技术改进背景差分算法,然后根据背景灰度值偏差自适应阈值准确分割运动目标区域。在CCS2.2集成开发环境下将算法通过SEDD-XD510PLUS仿真器移植到以TMS320DM642为核心处理器的硬件平台上,以安瓿针剂杂质为检测对象反复实验,验证了基于卡尔曼滤波背景估计的运动目标检测算法的高效性,此法能很大程度上克服光照强度变化的影响,准确地检测出运动目标区域,为后续跟踪、识别等处理提供良好的条件。     

分布式网络信息数据防篡改方法研究

为在足球视频中有效的检测与跟踪运动目标,需要对足球比赛视频中目标检测与跟踪算法进行研究。当前采用的算法,在动态场景中,存在运动目标检测与跟踪效果不佳的问题。为此,提出一种基于OpenCV的足球比赛视频中目标检测与跟踪算法。该算法结合平均背景算法将足球比赛视频中目标图像分割为前景区与背景区,计算足球比赛视频每一帧目标图像和背景图像之间差值的绝对差值,同时计算每一个目标图像中像素点的平均值与标准值来建立目标图像背景统计模型,利用TMHI算法对足球比赛视频中目标初始图像进行阈值分割,得到初始分割图像,对分割图像进行中值滤波和闭运算,再使用卡尔曼滤波对分割后的目标图像进行处理,得到镜头中目标的质心位置和目标外界矩形框,然后对足球比赛视频中目标进行跟踪。实验证明,该算法有效的检测与跟踪足球视频中运动目标。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.