航空图像中水面纹理的自动提取

针对可见光航空遥感监测中,耀斑和云阴影等强噪音的干扰使水中目标很难直接发现这一问题,提出了一种基于Gabor滤波器和BP神经网络的尾迹纹理自动提取算法,通过提取它们运动产生的尾迹实现对它们的准确识别。该方法分为两步:第1步是选取等大小的含尾迹纹理的水面子图像和不含尾迹纹理的水面子图像,通过一组Gabor滤波器得到它们的特征图像,计算每个子图像特征图的均值和方差,将它们作为神经网络的训练样本对BP网络进行训练得到用于识别的网络;第2步是将待提取的整幅图像分成很多与第1步中子图像等大小的子图像,分别计算它们的Gabor特征图像,并得到它们的均值和方差,把它们作为神经网络的输入,得到它们是否是纹理区域,由整幅子图像的识别结果得到一幅二值图像,用Hough变换检测图像中的直线,根据直线的长度判断尾迹是否存在。大量的实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地提取运动目标产生的尾迹纹理。     

一种基于多尺度局部纹理特征和CART决策树的野外火灾火焰图像识别算法

为了消除野外环境中枯草、枯树枝、枯树叶等干扰对象对野外火灾识别的影响,提高火焰识别的准确率,提出一种新的基于Gabor滤波和局部二值模式(LBP)的多尺度局部纹理特征提取方法,并构建Adaboost-SVM火焰图像分类器。利用火焰的颜色特征提取出疑似火焰区域;对疑似火焰区域进行Gabor滤波,再对Gabor滤波后不同尺度下的图像以16×16的像素邻域网格作为采样窗口,采用LBP提取其纹理特征;运用CART决策树对LBP特征向量进行降维,将分类回归树算法(CART)选择出来的特征输入到支持向量机(SVM)训练分类器,进行火灾火焰图像识别。实验结果表明,野外火灾火焰的识别准确率为96%,证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种基于颜色和纹理的显著性目标检测算法

视觉显著性检测是很多计算机视觉任务的重要步骤,在图像分割、自适应压缩和识别物体方面都有很重要的应用。提出了一种基于HSV颜色、纹理特征和空间位置关系相结合的显著性检测算法。该方法先将图像分割成小的图像片以获取图像的局部信息,结合图像片颜色的独特性和空间分布的紧凑性计算得到颜色显著图;同时利用Gabor滤波器对图像进行不同尺度和方向地滤波得到纹理特征向量,然后对特征向量计算纹理差异得到纹理显著图;最后将二者结合得到最终显著图。实验结果表明,该方法在检测效果和抗噪能力等方面均可获得较为满意的结果。     

基于独立成分分析的表面缺陷特征提取与识别方法

为了提取表面缺陷图像特征,常对图像进行线性变换,但通常的wavelet变换、Gabor变换及其基函数都是预先定义和不变的,不能适应于缺陷图像的特点.为此提出基于独立成分分析(ICA)和拓扑独立成分分析(TICA)的特征提取方法,并将其应用于冷轧带钢表面缺陷自动识别.首先利用ICA和TICA从缺陷集中自适应地估计出基函数和滤波器,这些基适应于缺陷图像的特点;然后用与基对应的滤波器对缺陷图像滤波,提取滤波响应作为特征向量;最后用支持向量机对样本进行分类识别.该方法建立在对缺陷集无监督学习的基础上,能够自适应地提取缺陷图像的显著特征,且计算简单,可并行处理.实验结果表明,文中方法对形状类缺陷、纹理类缺陷及其他缺陷的识别率都非常高,总体识别率可达95.52％.     

一种新的图像识别算法

提出了一种图像的识别算法,首先对图像进行Gabor小波变换,为了解决图像中的平移、旋转、尺度不变性,以及局部遮挡问题,对滤波结果计算其4个不变矩作为反映整体形状特征的特征向量,再对提取的特征向量利用SVM算法进行图像检测,检测结果表明该算法具有较好的抗噪性并能解决目标检测中的遮挡问题.最后利用弹性网格的方法对其进行识别.文中的检测和识别结果表明,多通道的Gabor滤波器对于纹理图像的特征描述比较充分,该识别算法有比较理想的鲁棒性和容错性,能得到较好的识别结果.     

基于GLCM与自适应Gabor滤波器组的纹理图像分割

基于Gabor滤波器的纹理图像分割算法存在参数难以选择的问题。为此,提出一种预测图像纹理类型数与Gabor滤波器组参数的分割算法。将图像分割成大小相等的区域块,根据各类纹理特性预测Gabor滤波器组参数,利用各区域块的纹理特征向量预测纹理类型数,并使用预测的滤波器组提取图像纹理特征,通过预测的纹理类型数对图像进行聚类分割。实验结果表明,该算法能以较高的精度与较快的速度分割纹理图像,且受纹理类型数量影响较小。     

Gabor 滤波器和ICA支持的无监督纹理分割

纹理分割已经取得了很大的进展,但仍然缺乏一个轻便的解决方案,建立了一个无监督纹理分割框架,其核心是将Gabor滤波器所提取的特征视为统计量,用独立分量分析(ICA)整合特征,并用独立分量作为新的纹理特征,避开了Gabor滤波器参数选择的难题,实验结果表明,ICA比主分量分析更利于纹理特征重整,采用该方法对大多数自然纹理能够得到满意的分割结果。     

基于灰度共生矩阵的多波段遥感图像纹理特征的提取

主要探讨用灰度共生矩阵测度纹理特性，对多波段适感图像进行特征提取时，各个波段的权重选取问题，根据纹理技术特点，将原始的多波段适感图像分成若干个互不重叠的多波段适感子图像。其中，用均值法和主分量分析法，将子图像各个波段的特征向量合成一个向量，并且把这个合成的向量作为这个子图像的特征向量。应用高斯有限混合模型与期望极大化算法，对适感图像纹理特征空间的数据进行聚类分析和参数估计，用贝叶斯定则对多波段适感图像进行分类。最后我们将各种不同的分类结果进行了对比，得到了最佳的分类结果并给予讨论。     

基于局部纹理分析的虹膜识别算法

提出了一种新的基于局部纹理分析的虹膜识别算法。基于多通道Gabor滤波器，滤波图像的系数定量地描述了虹膜纹理局部子块和给定滤波器之间的相似度，系数越大，说明该子块在空间形态上和滤波器越相似。采用局部滤波图像系数的加权平均作为特征编码，那些具有较大系数的点，即和滤波器最相似的点对特征点的位置贡献较大，更能真实的反应虹膜纹理结构。基于欧氏距离的特征匹配试验表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于纹理的图像检索

为得到纹理特征提取的合适的算法,首先研究了基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征的提取方法,将彩色图像变换灰度图像,然后进行四个方向的纹理特征提取,包括能量、熵、惯性矩、相关量四个向量元素作为纹理特征值,并研究了基于Gabor小波的纹理特征的提取。首先将Gabor小波作为母小波,将图像进行二维的Gabor小波变换,将Gabor小波系数的均值和标准方差作为纹理特征值;将两种方法进行比较,查全率和查准率作为测量标准,实验表明基于Gabor小波变换的纹理特征方法在频域具有比较好的检索效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.