ZTA15钛合金铸件开裂原因分析

ZTA15钛合金铸件在机加工过程中开裂纹.为揭示铸件开裂的原因,对开裂的铸件进行了宏观检验、断口分析、金相检验和硬度测定.结果表明:铸件中有大尺寸氧化铝夹杂,导致其在机加工应力作用下开裂.     

减少曲轴箱气孔缺陷的工艺措施

根据多年的铸造生产经验，总结了曲轴箱铸件气孔产生的原因。采用底注式浇注系统、压边溢流冒口，用水基涂料代替醇基涂料等措施，有效地减少了曲轴箱毛坯的气孔缺陷。     

F3000曲轴箱裂纹形成原因及其解决措施

介绍了F3000曲轴箱的浇注方式及造型、制芯和熔炼工艺,检测了曲轴箱圆角处的残余应力分布情况,分析了曲轴箱裂纹的形成原因,提出了改变芯砂清理方式、控制开箱时间和增大铸件开裂位置的过渡圆角和壁厚,以消除铸件应力,减少或避免裂纹.经生产验证,加工后的F3000曲轴箱圆角处未见裂纹,取得了显著的效果.     

航空发动机用导向叶片叶身裂纹形成机制研究

通过对K441合金导向叶片铸件出现的铸造裂纹及磨削裂纹的观察,并对裂纹处的析出相进行了能谱分析,确定了该导向叶片铸造裂纹和磨削裂纹的形成原因.K441合金导向叶片铸造裂纹的形成与铸件凝固期间补缩能力及合金中C元素含量密切相关.K441合金凝固过程中,除正常枝晶搭接外,在枝晶间析出的碳化物相阻塞了补缩通道,削弱了凝固前沿的界面强度,从而促进热裂纹的产生.合金中碳化物在晶界的析出使叶片磨削裂纹沿晶界形成和长大,并最终导致叶片报废.通过在叶片隔板上增加与冒口相连的补缩通道部分解决了叶片形成疏松和裂纹的问题,而磨削裂纹要通过调整碳化物的析出量和析出形态来解决.     

精铸件的表面裂纹

我厂生产的精铸件本体毛坯,材料为ZG2Cr13。毛坯重200克。对铸态毛坯逐件磁力探伤,发现有一种浅而细的裂纹;该裂纹在尔后的调质热处理时会明显的扩大,目视就能看清。试生产初期裂纹废品率达60％,随后采取了一系列的措施。例如,把铸件的内尖角改为较大的圆弧过渡;在炉料中增加新料的比例,甚至全用新料;快速熔炼;在     

铝箔轧机支承表面剥落的原因和对策

铝箔轧机的支承辊在使用过程中的会产生表面剥落。本文具体分析了支承辊产生表面剥落的原因，提出了相庆的对策和补救措施；支承辊应定期磨削；磨削时要彻底磨掉疲劳层；定期地修整倒角；产生表面剥落时尽可能通过机加工修复；对表面裂纹的检验手段应提高。这样，就可消降表面剥落，从而高支承辊的使用寿命。     

30CrMnTi内环凸轮热处理后磨削裂纹的产生及防止

装载机零件内环凸轮（以下简称凸轮），经渗碳淬火后进行磨削加工时，凸轮平面常出现磨削裂纹造成废品。磨裂虽在零件磨削加工时产生，但造成磨裂的原因和磨削前冷热加工工序有密切关系。其中以热处理后的状态，磨削工艺优劣，尤为重要。根据磨削裂纹的形态，分析加工工序对产生磨削裂纹的影响，找出磨裂的主要原因，采取有效措施，可防止磨削裂纹的产生。l内环凸轮技术条件及所产生的裂纹凸轮材料为30CrMnT，外直径187mm。要求：渗碳深度1．4－1．srnm（含磨削量），表面硬度60－64HRC，心部硬度35－45HRC。凸轮毛坯经锻造、正火后组织…     

铝箔轧机支承辊表面剥落的原因和对策

铝箔轧机的支承辊在使用过程中会产生表面剥落。本文具体分析了支承辊产生表面剥落的原因，提出了相应的对策和补救措施：支承辊应定期磨削；磨削时要彻底磨掉疲劳层；定期地修整倒角；产生表面剥落时尽可能通过机加工修复；对表面裂纹的检测手段应提高。这样，就可消除表面剥落，从而提高支承辊的使用寿命。     

基于自动检测与机械手的全自动锯片磨削数控系统

文章详细介绍了在数控锯片磨削加工系统中,采用毛坯供给机械手和电感式位移传感器,实现对毛坯上下料,毛坯与成品尺寸检测以及锯片磨削加工等磨削全过程的自动控制方法.其特点在于将磨削过程、毛坯供给与检测三个过程独立开采,使得本文开发的全自动锯片磨削系统,实现在锯片磨削加工同时,一边用机械手来上下料和锯片尺寸的检测,不仅提高了自动化水平,而且有效地重叠了磨削加工时间和毛坯准备时间,显著提高了生产效率.     

轴承座精铸件浇注工艺改进

G1751-2203轴承座精铸件为我公司剑杆织机上新产品,其结构见图1,材料为ZG45.在原设计基础上组织生产后,铸件毛坯外观质量符合图纸要求,但机加工过程中发现,92 mm内孔出现了缩孔、气孔等缺陷,废品率为40%左右.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。