Selective removal of Cu(II) from contaminated water using molecularly imprinted polymer

A synthetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by noncovalent imprinting technique for the selective removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solutions. In the preparation of imprinted polymer, Cu²⁺ was used as the template, oleic acid as the functional monomer and divinylbenzene as the cross-linker. The surface morphologies and characteristics of the MIP were determined by BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The proper adsorption and selective recognition ability of the MIP were studied by an equilibrium-adsorption method. In general, the removal efficiency of Cu²⁺ increased rapidly with pH from 2 to 7 and decreased at a pH 8. The removal efficiency of Cu²⁺ increased with temperature from 25°C to 50°C. Competitive adsorption studies showed that the coexisting cations have no obvious influence on the adsorption of Cu²⁺. In addition, the variation in the adsorption ability of the MIP that was repeatedly used was investigated, and it showed excellent reproducibility.     

Adsorption of Pb, Cu and Cd in FDU-1 silica and FDU-1 silica modified with humic acid

Ordered mesoporous silica with cubic structure, type FDU-1, was synthesized under strong acid media using B-50-6600 poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(butilene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (EO₃₉BO₄₇EO₃₉) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Humic acid (HA) was modified to the synthesis process at a concentration of 1.5 mmol per gram of SiO₂. Thermogravimetry, small angle X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and high resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the samples. The pristine FDU-1 and FDU-1 with incorporated 1.5 mmol of HA were tested for adsorption of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in aqueous solution. Incorporation of humic acid into the FDU-1 silica afforded an adsorbent with strong affinity for Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ from single ion solutions. Adsorption of Cu²⁺ was significantly enhanced after incorporation of humic acid, a fact that can be explained by the formation of complexes with carboxylic and phenolic groups at low concentrations of the metal cation. The results demonstrated the potential applicability of FDU-1 with incorporated HA in the removal of low concentrations of heavy metal cations from aqueous solution, such as wastewaters, after usual precipitation of metal hydroxides in alkaline medium and proper pH conditioning in the range between 6 and 7.     

胶原多肽基表面活性剂对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的沉淀浮选性能

以低浓度Cu²⁺水溶液模拟重金属离子废水,研究了胶原多肽基表面活性剂（阴离子型CBS和阳离子型C-CBS）对重金属离子废水的沉淀浮选性能。通过单因素实验考察了pH、气速、表面活性剂质量浓度、气浮时间、Cu²⁺初始浓度等因素对废水中Cu²⁺沉淀浮选效果的影响。结果表明,CBS和C-CBS均适用于在碱性条件下对金属离子废水进行沉淀浮选,Cu²⁺的去除率达到90%左右;且随着气速的升高,Cu²⁺的去除率增加而后趋于不变;随着表面活性剂用量的增加,对CBS,Cu²⁺的去除率增加,而对C-CBS,Cu²⁺的去除率反而下降;随气浮时间延长,Cu²⁺去除率逐渐增加而后趋于不变。研究表明,胶原多肽基表面活性剂可用于重金属离子废水的沉淀浮选。     

生物炭/过一硫酸盐体系同时去除Cu2+和对硝基苯胺

目前,重金属离子和有机污染物共存的废水处理是一个世界性的重大问题,对环境保护具有重要的意义。本研究以农业废弃物向日葵秸秆为原料,制备了一种生物炭（BC）,用以活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）。BC/PMS体系实现了对水中重金属Cu²⁺和有机污染物对硝基苯胺（PNA）的同时去除。探究了pH、BC投加量和PMS浓度等反应条件对同时去除Cu²⁺和PNA的影响。研究表明,在BC=2.0g/L、PMS=1.0mmol/L、PNA=20.0mg/L、Cu²⁺=2.0mg/L和pH=3.0条件下,60min时Cu²⁺和PNA同时去除效率分别为90.00%和100.00%;Cu²⁺被BC/PMS体系吸附去除的同时也显著地促进了PNA的降解去除。自由基猝灭实验和电子顺磁共振光谱（EPR）实验表明,BC/PMS/Cu²⁺/PNA体系降解PNA为自由基反应和非自由基反应共存过程,且以非自由基反应为主导;自由基反应是基于Cu²⁺活化PMS产生SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{·-}和?OH,非自由基反应可归因于BC活化PMS产生活性物种¹O₂。     

REMOVAL OF TOXIC Pb2+ IONS BY SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES

The removal behavior of toxic Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous and nonaqueous solutions by two synthetic hydroxyapatites (S-1 and S-2) has been investigated by using both batch and column methods.

It was found that Pb²⁺ ions in the both solutions were easily removed to the apatite samples mainly by cation-exchange reactions between the Pb²⁺ ions in the solutions and Ca²⁺ ions of the samples at room temperature. Further, in the system of aqueous PbF₂ solutions, anion-exchange reactions between F^- ions in the solutions and OH ^- ions of the samples occurred simultaneously and the liberated OH ^- and Ca²⁺ ions influenced removal behavior of Pb²⁺ and F^- ions. The maximum removal amount of Pb²⁺ ions from the aqueous solutions was 400 mg per g of S-1. Pb^- ions in the waste water from lead plating factories were completely removed to the apatite samples. In this manner, it was found that the apatites, especially S-1 can be employed as a new removal agent for the treatment of poisonous Pb²⁺ ions in waste water.     

Elucidation of a preparation method for copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 samples exhibiting extremely efficient N2-adsorption at room temperature: effect of counter ions in the exchange solution

The adsorption of N₂ on a copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 sample (CuZSM-5) prepared by ion exchange using an aqueous solution of copper propionate, Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂, was examined at room temperature by measuring the FT-IR spectra, adsorption isotherms and heat of adsorption. This sample was found to be extremely efficient in terms of N₂ adsorption with regard to both the amount and the energy (i.e., heat) of adsorption, compared with samples prepared by a conventional ion-exchange method using an aqueous solution involving Cu²⁺ and simple counter ions, Cl⁻ or NO₃⁻. To clarify the specificity of the newly-prepared sample, the ion-exchange of ZSM-5 with Cu²⁺ was carried out by employing aqueous solutions involving Cu²⁺ and various types of counter ions [propionate (C₂H₅COO⁻), acetate (CH₃COO⁻), formate (HCOO⁻), chloride (Cl⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions]. When the ion exchange was performed by using a Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ or Cu(CH₃COO)₂ solution, the Cu²⁺ species with propionate or acetate ligand (in the monomer state) were ion-exchanged in ZSM-5, as confirmed by the DR, EPR and FT-IR spectra for CuZSM-5. In contrast, Cu²⁺ species were present in the form of aquo-complexes in samples prepared with other solutions. This distinct difference can be ascribed to the difference in the pK_a values of the counter ions; carboxylate ions, with a high pK_a value, are inclined to form a complex with Cu²⁺. Using this newly applied Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ solution, the present ion-exchange method has the potential to develop new effective materials that possess the specific adsorption and catalytic properties of CuZSM-5.     

Particle Adhesion in Model Systems: 16. Barium Sulfate Particles on Glass and Protein Surfaces

The adhesion phenomena of monodispersed barium sulfate (BaSO₄) particles on gelatin-coated glass beads were evaluated using the packed column technique and compared with the same system in the absence of the protein.

Multilayer deposition was observed with the uncoated glass beads at pH 4, 5 and 6, while at pH 9, which is above the isoelectric point (pH ∼ 6) of BaSO₄ particles, monolayer deposition took place, even though the BaSO₄ particles and glass beads bore the same sign of charge. At pH = 10, no uptake was observed on the glass beads, but the addition of 10^-4 mol dm^-3 BaCl₂ induced multilayer deposition due to the adsorption of the Ba²⁺ cation on BaSO₄ particles, which causes a reversal of their charge to positive.

The formation of multilayers was found to occur over a much wider pH range on the gelatin coated glass beads.

BaSO₄ particles deposited in multilayers could not be removed from either glass beads or gelatin-coated glass beads by rinsing the loaded column with solutions of pH 11.5, but could be detached from monolayers on glass beads only.     

KINETICS OF Na+-H-ION EXCHANGE IN CONCENTRATED BUFFER SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM TETRABORATE AND BORIC ACID

Na⁺-H⁺ ion exchange between a fixed bed of Lewatite S 100 cationic ion exchange resin in R-H form and concentrated NaCl solutions at room temperature (298 K) and sodium tetraborate solutions at elevated temperature (338 K) was studied both experimentally and theoretically.

In the prediction of the break-through curves intraparticle and film diffusion resistances were considered. The variation of diffusion coefficient with the composition of the solid and liquid phases was accounted for by application of a Nernst-Planck model.

The shape of the break-through curves is very different in the two systems studied. A very favourable shape in the case of Na⁺-H⁺ ion exchange from sodium tetraborate solutions is due to the influence of borate buffer properties on equilibrium. The results of the computer simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

氧化铈-二氧化硅介孔材料制备及对铜离子的吸附性能

采用共沉淀法和沉淀浸渍法制备了纳米氧化铈-二氧化硅（CeO₂-SiO₂）介孔材料吸附剂,主要考察了其对水中铜离子（Cu²⁺）的吸附行为。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和氮吸附（BET）等手段对合成的介孔材料进行了性能表征,并通过静态吸附实验分析了溶液pH、溶液初始金属离子质量浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间等条件对介孔材料吸附Cu²⁺性能的影响。结果表明：共沉淀法制备的纳米CeO₂-SiO₂介孔材料对Cu²⁺的去除效果较沉淀浸渍法要好;当溶液pH=7.0时CeO₂-SiO₂介孔材料对Cu²⁺的吸附效果最好,20 min时基本达到吸附平衡;溶液初始Cu²⁺浓度增大Cu²⁺去除率降低,Cu²⁺累计吸附量增大;随着吸附剂用量增加Cu²⁺去除率增大,当CeO₂-SiO₂吸附剂用量为0.15 g/L时对Cu²⁺的去除率趋于稳定;CeO₂-SiO₂吸附剂对不同金属离子吸附性能由大到小的顺序为Cu²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺,该吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型。     

铜抗性菌株的筛选及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

利用选择性培养基分离出铜抗性细菌BX,经鉴定该菌为产碱普罗威登斯菌(Providencia alcalifaciens)。考察了细菌BX对环境的适应性,讨论了pH、初始Cu²⁺浓度等对其吸附铜离子的影响,分析了吸附过程的动力学及等温吸附特性,并以多孔陶瓷为载体对其进行固定化。结果表明,该菌对Cu²⁺和NaCl的抗性浓度分别为7 mmol·L^-1和7.5%,可生长于pH4.0～11.0、15～50℃的环境中;其最佳吸附条件为pH5.5、温度30℃、起始Cu²⁺浓度100 mg·L^-1,在该条件下,Cu²⁺吸附率达85.84%,吸附量为128.74 mg·g^-1;其对Cu²⁺的吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型;采用曝气挂膜法将细菌固定于多孔陶瓷上,形成的菌膜对50 mg·L^-1铜离子的吸附率达92.53%。表明细菌BX对Cu²⁺有较强的吸附能力,对含Cu²⁺废水的处理具有良好的应用前景。     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ethylene in the presence of oxygen over Cu ion-exchanged pillared clays

Cu²⁺ ion-exchanged pillared clays are substantially more active than Cu²⁺-ZSM-5 for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by hydrocarbons. More importantly, H₂O (or SO₂) has only mild effects on their activities. First results on Cu²⁺-exchanged TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite were reported by this laboratory (Yang and Li, Ref. [1]), that showed overall activities two to four times higher than Cu²⁺-ZSM-5.

A delaminated pillared clay was subjected to Cu²⁺ ion-exchange and studied for SCR by C₂H₄ in this work. The Cu²⁺ ion-exchanged delaminated Al₂O₃-pillared clay yielded substantially higher SCR rates than both Cu²⁺-exchanged TiO₂-pillared clay and Cu²⁺-ZSM-5 at temperatures above 400°C. The peak NO conversion was 90% at 550°C and at a space velocity of 15,000 h⁻¹ (with O₂ = 2%). The peak temperature decreased as the concentration of O₂ was increased. The macroporosity in the delaminated pillared clay was partially responsible for its higher peak temperatures (than that for laminated pillared clays). At 1000 ppm each for NO and C₂H₄, the NO conversion peaked at 2% O₂ for all temperatures. H₂O and SO₂ caused only mild deactivation, likely due to competitive adsorption (of SO₂ on Cu²⁺ sites and H₂O on acid sites). The high activity of Cu²⁺-exchanged Al₂O₃-pillared clay was due to a unique combination of the redox property of the Cu²⁺ sites and the strong Lewis acidity of the pillared clay. The suggested mechanism involved NO chemisorption (in the presence of O₂) on Cu²⁺OAl³⁺-on the pillars, and C₂H₄ activation on the Lewis acid sites to form an oxygenated species.     

Surface and bulk properties of Cu–ZSM-5 and Cu/Al2O3 solids during redox treatments. Correlation with the selective reduction of nitric oxide by hydrocarbons

This paper deals with the redox properties of Cu ions implanted in ZSM-5 and supported on Al₂O₃, catalysts active in the selective reduction of NO by hydrocarbons such as propane. Data on the reducibility of the Cu systems in various atmospheres (vacuum, CO, H₂, O₂) and on their DeNO_x activity are presented. The methods used to obtain informations on the surface and bulk transformations (and their link with catalytic behaviour) are complementary: UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy being useful to detect the presence of Cu²⁺ and Cu⁰, while Cu⁺ is detected indirectly by the analysis of the IR spectrum of CO bound selectively to this cation.

The main contributions to the previous knowledge are the following: it is possible to distinguish CO bound to isolated and non-isolated Cu⁺ ions; the isolated Cu²⁺ ions are reducible under vacuum without participation of organic impurities; the more active solids for the NO reduction into N₂ are characterized by the presence of isolated Cuⁿ⁺ ions beside the additional influence of the zeolitic framework; after the formation of Cu⁺ ions the redox cycles are reversible but, after the formation of Cu⁰, the reversibility or irreversibility of the redox cycles and the restoration of the SCR activity are function of the copper content; the activity decreases after agglomeration into bulk oxides; there is no formation of bulk CuO during the reaction and, with reducing and moderate oxidizing mixtures, part of the copper remains as cuprous ions.     

Cu2+对生物膜及其胞外聚合物的影响

利用自行设计的生物膜培养装置进行挂膜,通过向生物膜反应器中投加不同浓度的Cu²⁺,探讨生物膜上的胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substance, EPS）与生物膜去除金属铜之间的关系。研究结果表明：生物膜法较活性污泥法对Cu²⁺具有更好的耐受性;当Cu²⁺ < 2 mg·L^-1,Cu²⁺会抑制生物膜分泌EPS,在2 mg·L^-1 < Cu²⁺ < 5 mg·L^-1时,生物膜分泌EPS的量增加,当Cu²⁺ > 5 mg·L^-1,生物膜系统表现为严重的不稳定性;比较蛋白质（proteins,PN）/多糖（polysaccharide,PS）值发现,Cu²⁺对生物膜的抑制主要是对生物膜上胞外多糖的抑制,而生物膜对Cu²⁺的抵抗表现为分泌更多的胞外蛋白;EPS与Cu²⁺的富集率关系呈线性正相关。     

不同Cu2+浓度下热再生氨电池产电及Cu2+去除特性

热再生氨电池（thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery,TRAB）在废弃资源回收方面展现出独特优势和良好应用前景。通过构建TRAB来处理含Cu²⁺废液并回收电能和铜资源,实验中研究了不同Cu²⁺浓度对电池产电性能和废液Cu²⁺去除效果的影响。研究结果表明,当阴极废液Cu²⁺浓度低于0.2 mol/L时,随着Cu²⁺浓度的增加,电池最大输出功率不断增加,电池输出电压和产电周期不断增加,促使批次获得电量和能量密度也不断增加。同时采用TRAB技术去除废液中铜离子具有较高的去除效率,而且去除率随着废液中铜离子浓度的增加而增加。后续研究采用TRAB结合电凝法的两步处理法有望进一步提高处理效果,具有较好的经济性和应用前景。     

陶瓷膜短流程工艺处理重金属废水

针对电镀行业重金属废水常规处理方法存在的药剂投加量大、污泥产量多、水质波动影响大等不足,本文提出了一种新工艺-陶瓷膜短流程处理工艺,即废水通过调节pH值使重金属离子形成相应的氢氧化物絮体后,直接进入陶瓷膜组件过滤,同时辅以曝气缓解膜污染。通过实验室小试研究了pH值、重金属质量浓度和曝气量等因素对重金属(Cu²⁺、Cr³⁺和Ni²⁺)去除效果以及陶瓷膜跨膜压差的影响,并进行现场中试验证。试验结果表明:pH=10时,Cu²⁺、Cr³⁺和Ni²⁺的去除率分别达到99.8%、99.7%和99.9%,耐冲击负荷强,原水重金属离子质量浓度为500mg/L时出水也能满足要求。气水体积比值为15时,能在保证出水水质的前提下显著缓解膜污染。该工艺中陶瓷膜的污染主要为可逆污染,可以通过水力反冲洗去除。在pH=10、气水体积比值为15和膜通量为80L/(m²·h)时,现场中试工艺出水中Cu²⁺、Cr³⁺和Ni²⁺的质量浓度分别低于0.15mg/L、0.3mg/L和0.1mg/L,而且跨膜压差保持稳定。     

Conversion and in situ FTIR studies of direct NO decomposition over Cu-ZSM5

Copper ion-exchanged zeolites ZSM5 with SiO₂:Al₂O₃ molar ratios 33 and 53 have been subjected to activity tests for direct decomposition of NO (2000 ppm, GHSV 560–5400 h⁻¹). In situ infrared measurements were used to follow the reaction and surface and gas phase compositions. IR studies were also done in excess oxygen with rapid NO₂ formation in the gas phase.

A high level of overexchange of copper in the zeolite in combination with a low concentration of acid sites, concurrent with a high SiO₂:Al₂O₃ ratio, enhances the conversion of NO. A vibrational band at 1631 cm⁻¹ is observed below the light-off temperature and interpreted as a bridged nitrato group bound to Cu²⁺–O–Cu²⁺ dimers. This band disappears above the light-off temperature but the intensity below this temperature correlates with the catalytic activity. We interpret that these bridge bound nitrato groups act as siteblockers on the active sites for NO conversion and that a tentative reaction intermediate, N₂O₃, also binds in a bridge configuration to the same Cu²⁺–O–Cu²⁺ dimers.

A second nitrato group with unidentate coordination and vibrational bands at 1598/1575 cm⁻¹ probes isolated copper ions.

A third infrared band at 2130 cm⁻¹ confirms previous observations of -ions bound to the zeolite. We conclude that these species are coordinated to deprotonated and negatively charged sites on the zeolite and that these sites for adsorption are blocked by Cu²⁺ ion-exchange. The 2130 cm⁻¹ species appear to have no role in direct NO decomposition but the adsorption sites are crucial for the stability of the zeolite and intimately related to ion mobility in the lattice.

Prolonged immersion of the zeolite in dilute solutions of copper ions improves the catalyst performance by copper hydroxylation leading to enhanced formation of the above dimers.

A high SiO₂:Al₂O₃ ratio leads to more stable catalysts, particularly in combination with a modest overexchange of copper ions. Excessive amounts of copper escalates the deactivation of the Cu-ZSM5 catalyst through the migration and sintering of cupric oxide crystallites.     

IN SITU LEACHING OF URANIUM USING DILUTE SULFURIC ACID AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN

The technical feasibility of in situ uranium leaching using dilute sulfuric acid and molecular oxygen has been assessed and the important process parameters examined by use of laboratory high pressure leaching columns.

The dilute H₂SO₄/O₂ lixiviant was effective in leaching uranium from the ore samples tested. The leaching process was chemical reaction rate limited and can be represented using pseudo first-order kinetics. The leaching rate constant is proportional to the proton concentration of the lixiviant.

Much of the uranium was leached from the ore before decomposition of carbonate minerals by the acid was complete. Acid consumption per pound of U₃O₈ increased sharply as the uranium recovery level exceeded 70%. There appears to be a minimum oxygen pressure for effective uranium leaching. A pressure of 2758 KPa was adequate for the ore samples tested     

Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+在高炉水淬渣上的竞争吸附特性

利用等温吸附法考察了高炉水淬渣对Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺的单组分吸附和竞争吸附性能。结果表明,单一组分吸附时,金属离子吸附等温线属于“H”形等温线,吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,高炉水淬渣吸附的顺序为Cu²⁺ >Cd²⁺ >Zn²⁺,这与重金属离子电负性、水合离子半径及荷径比等有关。当加入竞争离子后,Cu²⁺的吸附等温线基本维持原来形状,且仍旧与Langmuir吸附等温模型比较相符,而Cd²⁺ 和Zn²⁺的吸附无法与现有等温吸附模型很好地拟合,等温线的形状由于竞争作用也与传统的等温线均不相同,同时各金属离子的吸附量都比单组分的吸附量降低了。吸附动力学过程先是一个快速阶段,然后进入慢速阶段。无论是单组分还是竞争条件下,伪二级动力学方程拟合结果较好,说明高炉水淬渣与Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺之间的吸附过程主要是以化学吸附为主。     

高炉水淬渣对电镀废水中重金属和COD吸附的响应面优化

为了考察高炉水淬渣处理实际电镀废水中重金属离子和COD的可行性,分别研究了吸附剂投加量、pH、吸附时间以及温度等单因素对Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺或COD去除率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,应用 Box-Behnken中心组合方法进行三因素三水平试验,建立二次多项数学模型,并验证该模型的有效性。采用响应曲面法探讨吸附剂投加量、pH、吸附时间3个因子的交互作用及其最佳水平。结果表明：在吸附剂投加量为1.4g、pH为8、吸附时间为120min的最优化条件下,电镀废水中Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺和COD去除率达到最大,分别为99.35%、98.46%和53.63%。经对最优条件进行验证,预测值与验证实验平均值接近。吸附后废水中的Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺低于GB 21900-2008电镀废水新建企业污染物排放限值要求,而COD没有满足排放要求,所以仅应用高炉水淬渣吸附技术还不足以去除电镀废水中所有有害物质,因此可利用此技术作为辅助工艺,联合其他技术共同去除电镀废水中的重金属离子和有机物,使出水水质达到国家排放标准。     

柱淋滤模式下生活垃圾焚烧炉渣中Cu2+和Zn2+浸出规律

垃圾焚烧炉渣是一种活性材料,在其储存、预处理及应用等过程与雨水频繁接触时,炉渣中重金属随着水域环境发生迁移和浸出现象。本研究采用连续柱淋滤试验装置模拟自然降雨,开展了0～5mm和5～10mm焚烧炉渣的动态淋滤毒性浸出分析,重点研究了pH和降雨强度对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出影响。结果表明,动态淋滤过程中,淋滤液pH变化对Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺的浸出水平影响显著,且在酸性较强淋滤液作用下Cu²⁺浸出水平比Zn²⁺更强,与Ⅴ类地表水环境浓度限值对比,在整个淋滤时间内Cu²⁺浸出浓度严重超标,在炉渣工程应用时需预防相关的环境风险;原生炉渣粒径大小与重金属浸出水平无直接相关性,但是0～5mm细炉渣中可浸出Zn²⁺含量更高,这与细颗粒物中Zn赋存形态和可溶出态含量较高有关;淋滤强度对重金属浸出水平影响主要反应了动态淋滤过程液固比和水分运移速率情况,当较低淋滤强度时具有低液固比,溶出液中重金属含量较高。