超临界水中2-萘酚氧化分解的研究

建立了超临界水中有机物连续氧化分解的实验装置,确定了本实验体系适宜的工艺条件,初步探索了超临界水中2-萘酚氧化分解产物。实验表明:萘酚在实验条件下氧化分解主要降解产物主要为邻苯二甲酸、1-2萘醌、苯、苯甲酸和苯酚,氧化分解路线为2-萘酚→1,2萘醌→邻苯二甲酸→苯甲酸和苯→苯酚→短链羧酸→H2O,CO2等小分子。     

超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法是一种新兴且非常有效的废水处理方法.介绍了超临界水的特点、SCWO的流程及其对设备的影响,指出了超临界水氧化法存在的问题及解决的方法.     

光催化技术在水处理中的研究进展

光催化氧化技术作为一种新兴的氧化技术近年来在难降解污染物的处理方面得到了广泛的研究。结合光催化氧化技术的原理及国内外的研究进展情况,阐述光催化氧化在处理染料废水、表面活性剂废水、制药废水、有机农药废水、含油废水、无机污染废水方面的应用状况,以及用于去除消毒副产物以及消毒方面的情况。分析影响光催化反应的因素,主要有:催化剂浓度、污染物浓度、光照条件及催化剂制备条件,并对今后该技术的发展方向提出建议。     

直接过滤工艺处理锅炉除尘废水

1 前言 中小型锅炉湿法除尘废水由于吸收了锅炉烟气中大量烟尘和SO2,CO2、NOx等酸性气体,导致废水中含有大量SS、SO2-、F-、CN-、S2-等离子,pH值为2～4.为了达到节约用水,实现除尘废水循环利用目的,必须对废水进行净化处理.目前对锅炉湿式除尘废水治理一般采用中和(去除废水SO2-4离子)加自然沉降(去除废水中悬沉物),但该工艺过程复杂,处理工程构筑物(沉淀池等)占地面积大,基建投资高.一台20t/h工业锅炉采用湿式除尘技术,年处理除尘废水(含除尘废水、地面冲洗水等)10～15万t,所需处理构筑物占地面积达2000 4000m2.当前国内工业废水处理站土建费用(含沉淀池和其它地面构筑物)占整个工程基建费用50%～65%.土建费用高加大了废水处理成本,因而大量采用湿式除尘装置的中小型工业锅炉(1～20t/h)的除尘废水由于缺少资金、技术和场地而得不到合理治理.     

高级氧化技术在印染废水处理的应用和前景研究

本文通过臭氧氧化法实验分析高级氧化技术对印染废水处理的应用原理。结果表明,使用高级氧化技术中的臭氧氧化法对印染废水的净化处理有显著的效果,其应用原理是臭氧能将废水中原有的部分有机物被氧化成CO2和H2O,另一部分有机物被氧化成易于生物降解的小分子有机物,使得整体COD降低,并在一定程度上降低废水的色度,从而实现废水的处理。在实际的印染废水处理应用中,还可以结合其他催化剂一起使用,或根据废水的水质情况选用其他高级氧化技术,实现印染废水的处理。     

不同类型染料化合物太阳光催化降解研究

针对四大类八种水溶性染料和一种化学指示剂,在相同实验条件下,进行了Tio2悬浆体系太阳光催化氧化降解规律的研究.在UV辐照度21.28W/m2的晴天,染料初始浓度均为20mg/L,催化剂投加量1g/L,溶液平均温度20℃,经太阳光照射4h,各料染料脱色和总有机碳去除明显.根据表观速率常数算出不同染料光催化降解的难易程度,实验证实了多相光催化氧化技术用于染料废水处理工艺的可行性.     

高级氧化技术在难降解工业废水中的应用

介绍高级氧化技术Fenton法、臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化法、电催化氧化、超临界水氧化法的基本原理,分析高级氧化技术在我国难降解工业废水中的实际应用情况,并提出今后发展的建议。     

太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理含酚废水

研究了煤气含酚废水和模拟苯酚废水的太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理技术,比较了混凝法、太阳光Fenton氧化法及其联合技术对含酚废水的处理效果。结果表明,太阳光Fenton体系可有效地氧化降解含酚废水,但废水完全矿化所需的H2O2用量较大,导致处理成本较高。含酚废水直接采用混凝处理的效果不理想,CODCr和挥发酚去除率较低(6.5%～28.7%)。采用太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术处理中等浓度的煤气含酚废水,使其CODCr和挥发酚浓度达到国家二级排放标准,只需投加700mg/L的H2O2,而单纯采用太阳光Fenton氧化所需消耗的H2O2大于2800mg/L,即联合技术可节约H2O2用量3倍以上。结果还表明晴天下太阳光Fenton氧化反应45min与人工电紫外光Fenton氧化反应30min对含酚废水的处理效果相当。太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术具有能耗低、处理效率高、处理量大等特点,在环境治理领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

纳米TiO2光催化剂负载和光催化反应器的研究进展

纳米TiO2光催化氧化技术在废水处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米Ti02负载到某种载体上，并设计出高效的光催化反应器是实现光催化氧化技术处理废水实用化的关键技术之一。本文对纳米TiO2光催化剂负载所用的载体、负载型光催化剂的制备方法及其光催化反应器进行了综述。     

Fenton高级氧化技术用于化学制药废水处理的研究进展

化学制药废水成分十分复杂,其中含有难降解有机物质。Fenton高级氧化技术可产生HO·,HO·具有强氧化能力,能高效地氧化水体中的有机物,目前在制药废水领域中具有广阔的应用前景。介绍关于均相Fenton技术、非均相Fenton技术和类Fenton技术在化学制药废水处理领域的应用状况,分析其优缺点,并提出当前研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

Characteristics and anode reaction of organic wastewater-assisted coal electrolysis for hydrogen production

Electrolytic hydrogen production has the advantages of distributed on-demand hydrogen production, high purity and facile coupling with renewable energy sources, but this process is very energy intensive. In this study, the organic wastewater-assisted coal electrolysis process for hydrogen production was studied in an H-type electrolytic cells. Part of the energy can come from the carbon sources in coal and wastewater to reduce power consumption. Linear sweep voltammetry and potentiostatic techniques were used to study the electrolysis characteristics and anode reaction of the wastewater coal slurry. The results showed that the difference in the composition of the wastewater made the electrolysis characteristics quite different. The gas washing water, sulfur water and slag water produced by coal conversion could significantly increase the current density of coal slurry electrolysis. As for the gas washing water, it has no obvious effect on the catalytic effect of Fe³⁺, and the increase in current density was mainly due to the effects of organic matter and chloride. With increasing voltage, the main anode reaction of the wastewater coal slurry was divided into three stages, namely oxidation of coal particles (0.7–1.0 V), oxidation of organic matter in wastewater (1.0–1.5 V) and oxidation of chloride ions (1.5–2.0 V). Below the chlorine oxidation potential, chloride ions could also promote the oxidation of coal particles. The oxidation mechanism of coal slurry in the presence of wastewater was proposed.     

难生化污水处理技术研究进展

介绍了难生化污水处理技术的研究进展及发展趋势。重点介绍了高级氧化法（包括超声氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术、光催化氧化技术、臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂法）、铁碳微电解法、高效微生物法处理难生化污水的基本原理、技术特点、研究进展、存在的问题及今后研究方向等。并指出未来将会在生产全过程污染控制与清洁生产技术、污染标准升级后的达标排放处理技术、高级氧化技术、高效微生物技术、污水零排放技术等领域取得重大进展。     

生物质气化工艺废水特征及预处理实验研究

对生物质气化中试现场产生的废水进行了水质及水量特征分析,针对生物质气化工艺废水固体颗粒含量高、有机物浓度高、难生化降解、废水增量少的特点,采取减压蒸馏及芬顿氧化对生物质气化废水进行预处理。实验结果表明,在85 ~ 90℃、真空度 -0.07 ~ -0.095 MPa减压蒸馏条件下,废水COD、NH₄-N脱除率分别为74.38%、94.46%;在Fe²⁺-H₂O₂体系中,考察了H₂O₂与废水质量比、H₂O₂与Fe²⁺摩尔比、反应时间、H₂O₂浓度对COD、NH₄-N、TOC、TN等的影响,当H₂O₂与废水质量比为8.40%时,可将减压蒸馏蒸出液COD从2.05 × 10⁴ mg/L降至4.11 × 10³ mg/L,NH₄⁺-N从143 mg/L降至11.1 mg/L。     

电泳涂装废水处理技术

叙述了涂装工艺、涂装废水性质以及废水处理技术,指出,废水的成分复杂,排放无规律,水质变化大,废水先经微电解氧化后加药中和沉淀,再经AO生化处理,活性炭吸附过滤后出水达到GB8978-1996污水综合排放标准中的一级排放标准。     

氧化法处理荧光废水的研究

荧光废水是一种有机物浓度高,色度高,破乳难度大,量少但污染强度大的难处理污水。针对中国人民解放军某航空发动机修理工厂的荧光废水,设计采用氧化＋混凝沉淀＋气浮＋活性炭过滤韵组合处理工艺,使出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准））（GB8978—1996）中的一级标准。在运行调试的过程中,根据荧光废水的特点,处理过程中对各种加药量及控制参数不断优化调整。实践证明,采用本处理工艺,出水水质能够稳定达标。     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol over TiO2 powder: The influence of peroxomonosulphate and peroxodisulphate on the reaction rate

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed as an emerging technology for treating hazardous organics in wastewater and groundwater. In the present study, the effect of oxidants [peroxomonosulphate (PMS) and peroxodisulphate (PDS)] on the photocatalytic oxidation of phenol on illuminated TiO₂ surfaces has been investigated. The efficiencies of these oxidants on photocatalytic degradation of phenol are compared with that of H₂O₂. The experimental results indicate that these oxidants exhibited enhanced rates of mineralization of phenol. A reaction mechanism, involving the generation of both hydroxyl radicals and sulphate radicals, was proposed.     

Advance electrochemical oxidation of fipronil contaminated wastewater by graphite anodes and sorbent nano hydroxyapatite

Degradation of C₁₂H₄Cl₂F₆N₄OS phenylpyrazole insecticide (Fipronil) by advance electrochemical oxidation in aqueous water solution was studied. The process efficiency was figured based on the COD, chloride, and fluoride reduction from fipronil. Further, we tried to highlight the importance of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-Hap) as a cost-effective nano sorbent for removal of fluoride from fipronil. From the advance electrochemical oxidation experiment, it was found that the COD removal was 79%, chloride 52%, and fluoride 80%. The intermediate of fipronil compounds was examined by GC-MS. The final results conclude that advance electrochemical oxidation process was effective for removal of fipronil synthetic wastewater.     

油气田含硫废水化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理工艺

对油气田含硫废水来源、组成及危害进行分析,提出化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理的工艺技术。通过单因素和正交实验,对化学混凝及臭氧氧化处理的影响因素进行分析,得到了优化的工艺条件：①采用化学混凝处理时,混凝剂选用HNJFZ混凝剂（加量为3500mg/L）,絮凝剂选用FASG絮凝剂（加量为15mg/L）,体系的pH值为8～9;②采用臭氧氧化深度处理时,臭氧浓度为60mg/L,氧化时间为40min,pH值为10.0左右。采用上述复合处理工艺条件对含硫废水进行处理验证。验证结果显示,含硫废水的水色清澈,CODCr由6346mg/L降至98.5mg/L,S2-浓度由132mg/L降至0.897mg/L,去除率分别达到98.4%和99.3%,可满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978—1996）的要求。     

Chemical looping reforming of ethanol-containing organic wastewater for high ratio H2/CO syngas with iron-based oxygen carrier

This work focused on chemical looping reforming (CLR) of ethanol-containing wastewater using iron-based oxygen carrier for high ratio H₂/CO syngas. Effects of various operating parameters on CLR experiments have been investigated. High temperature promotes the reactivity of oxygen carrier and release more lattice oxygen for CLR of ethanol-containing wastewater to realize maximum carbon conversion. 5% ethanol-containing wastewater, closed to the actual concentration of alcohol distillery wastewater, favors syngas yield. Ethanol-containing wastewater CLR processes could be divided into three stages, including the catalytic cracking, combination of catalytic cracking and reforming, and mainly catalytic reforming of ethanol, corresponding to three reduction periods Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄ → Fe₂O_2.45, and Fe₂O_2.45 → FeO, respectively. The whole process of ethanol-containing organic wastewater CLR is exothermic. Reaction heat released from the oxidation process of the reduced oxygen carrier can meet heat demand for CLR process. Ethanol-containing organic wastewater CLR opens up a new direction for hydrogen generation and waste treatment.