Effects of rapid quenching on microstructures and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.55)Co_(0.45)B_x(x=0-0.2) hydrogen storage alloy

1 Introduction Ni-MH batteries have been used widely by virtue of several of their advantages, such as high capacity, capable of performing a high rate charge/discharge, high resistance to overcharging and over-discharging, a long cycle life, environment…     

Preparation of low cobalt high rate discharge hydrogen storage alloy MlNi_(3.85)Co_(0.45) Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3)X_(0.1)(X=Mg,Si,Sn)

1　INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,Ni/MHbatterythatisanewgenerationbatterywithhighenergydensitywasrapidlydevelopedafterwardsNi/Cdbattery .WiththeincreasinglymatureofNi/MHbatteryproductiontechnique,itbeginstojointhefieldofhighpowerandgreatcapacitycell,andbecomesgraduallythemostpromisinggreendynamiccellthatwasappliedtoelectromotivemotor .Thehydrogenstoragealloy ,asthekeymaterialofNi/MHdynamiccell,mustbecharacterizedbyitshighspecialcapacity ,highvolt ageplatform ,goodcatalyzeactivity ,longcycl…     

Effects of rapid quenching on structure and electrochemical characteristics of La0.5Ce0.2Mg0.3Co0.4Ni2.6-xMnx （x=0-0.4） electrode alloys

The La-Mg-Ni system PuNi3-type La0.5Ce0.2Mg0.3Co0.4Ni2.6-xMnx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The effects of the rapid quenching on the structure and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were studied. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM indicate that the as-cast and quenched alloys mainly consist of two major phases, (La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5, as well as a residual phase LaNi. The rapid quenching does not exert an obvious influence on the phase composition of the alloys, but it leads to an increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the (La, Mg)Ni3 phase. The as-quenched alloys have a nano-crystalline structure, and the grain sizes of the alloys are in the range of 20-30 nm. The results by the electrochemical measurements indicate that both the discharge capacity and the high rate discharge(HRD) ability of the alloy first increase and then decrease with the variety of quenching rate and obtain the maximum values at the special quenching rate which is changeable with the variety of Mn content. The rapid quenching significantly improves the cycle stabilities of the alloys, but it slightly impairs the activation capabilities of the alloys.     

硼添加对La-Mg-Ni-Co系贮氢电极合金的微结构及电化学性能的影响

系统研究了贮氢电极合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2B,x(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.08)的微结构与电化学性能.XRD结果显示,所有合金均由(La,Mg)Ni3相与LaNi5相组成,B含量的增加导致(La,Mg)Ni,3相的丰度不断增加,相应地LaNi5相的丰度逐渐下降.此外,合金的晶格参数与晶胞体积均随B含量的增加而减小.电化学测试分析表明,B的添加可以显著改善合金电极的高倍率放电性能,当B含量为0.04时达到最佳.微量B的加入对合金的循环稳定性能与活化性能影响很小,但降低合金电极的最大放电容量.此外还采用线性极化与阳极极化对合金电极的动力学性能进行了进一步研究.     

Al替代Mg对La2MgNi7.5Al1.5贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、电子探针和电化学测试研究了La2Mg1-xAlxNi7.5Co1.5(x=0.0,0.1,0.3,0.5)合金的相结构和电化学性能.XRD结果和EPMA观察表明,少量的Al替代Mg(x=0.1)不改变La2MgNi7.5Co1.5合金的相组成,合金仍然由LaNi3相和αLa2Ni7相组成,然而La2Mg0.9Al0.1Ni7.5Co1.5合金中LaNi3相的丰度明显下降,αLa2Ni7相的丰度则增加,较多的Al替代Mg改变了La2MgNi7.5Co1.5合金的相组成并导致合金中LaNi3相消失,La2Mg1-xAlxNi7.5Co1.5合金中Al含量的变化对合金中不同相晶胞参数的影响不相同.此外,少量的Al替代Mg(x=0.1)几乎不降低La2MgNi7.5Co1.5合金的贮氢容量和最大电化学放电容量,但随La2Mg1-xAlxNi7.5Co1.5合金中Al含量的增加,合金的贮氢容量、最大电化学放电容量和活化性能不断下降,Al替代Mg能明显提高La2MgNi7.5Co1.5合金的电化学循环稳定性,对提高该合金电极的高倍率放电性能也是有利的.     

La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.8)Co_(0.5-x)Fe_x系列合金的制备及其储氢性能

在制备La-Ni-Co-Fe中间合金的基础上,采用机械合金化方法制备La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5-xFex(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)系列储氢合金,研究在不同球磨时间下储氢合金的物相、微观形貌和电化学性能及元素置换对其储氢性能的影响。结果表明:La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5合金的主相为LaNi5相,La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5-xFex系列储氢合金球磨40 h和80 h后,主相为LaNi5相和少量LaMg2Ni9相;且随着球磨时间的增加,合金晶粒变细小,La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.5合金的最大放电容量呈变大的趋势,从142.4 mA.h/g增加到157.5 mA.h/g,La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.8Co0.2Fe0.3合金的最大放电容量从150.7mA.h/g增加到162.1mA.h/g,合金具有较好的循环稳定性能。     

Effect of commercial AB5 alloy addition on the electrochemical properties of Ml-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys

A commercial AB5 hydrogen storage alloy was used as an additive to improve the electrochemical properties of Ml-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys.The effect of AB5 alloy addition on the phase structure,charge/discharge characteristics,and electrochemical kinetics of Ml0.90Mg0.10Ni3.08Mn0.13Co0.63Al0.14 alloy was investigated.The maximum discharge capacity of Ml0.90Mg0.10Ni3.08Mn0.13Co0.63Al0.14 + 4 wt.% AB5 electrode reaches 406 mAh/g.The anodic polarization,cyclic voltammetry,and potential step discharge experiments show that the electrochemical kinetics of the electrode with additives was promoted,with the LaNi5 phase of AB5 alloy acting as electro-catalytic sites in the electrode alloy.The high-rate dischargeability of Ml0.90Mg0.10Ni3.08Mn0.13Co0.63Al0.14 + 4 wt.% AB5 alloy electrode at 1100 mA/g reaches 60.9%,which is 9.4% higher than that of Ml0.90Mg0.10Ni3.08Mn0.13Co0.63Al0.14 alloy electrode.The cycling stability of the electrode with 4 wt.% AB5 alloy has also been improved.     

快淬对La0.7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni2.55-xCux (x=0-0.4)电极合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

应用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La0 7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni2.55-xCux (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)贮氢电极合金,研究了快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.XRD,SEM及TEM的分析结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相,LaNi5相以及LaNi2相.快淬对合金的相组成没有明显影响,但显著地改变了合金的相丰度.快淬还显著地改善合金的成分均匀性,并使合金的晶粒明显细化.电化学测试的结果表明,快淬大幅度提高合金的电化学循环稳定性,但使合金的放电容量和活化性能下降.快淬对合金的放电电压特性具有明显的影响,当淬速大于15m/s时,快淬降低合金的放电电压,并使放电平台的斜率明显增大.     

Influences of stoichiometric ratio B/A on structures and electrochemical behaviors of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx (M=Ni, Co; x=0-0.6) hydrogen storage alloys

In order to investigate the influences of the stoichiometric ratio of B/A (A: gross A-site elements, B: gross B-site elements) and the substitution of Co for Ni on the structures and electrochemical performances of the AB3.5-4.1-type electrode alloys, the La-Mg-Ni-Co system La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Mx (M=Ni, Co; x= 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) alloys were prepared by induction melting in a helium atmosphere. The structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were systemically measured. The results show that the structures and electrochemical performances of the alloys are closely relevant to the B/A ratio. All the alloys exhibit a multiphase structure, including two major phases, (La, Mg)2Ni7 and LaNi5, and a residual phase LaNi2, and with rising ratio B/A, the (La,Mg)2Ni7 phase decreases and the LaNi5 phase increases significantly. When ratio B/A=3.7, the alloys obtain the maximum discharge capacities. The high rate discharge(HRD) capability of the alloy (M=Ni) monotonously rises with growing B/A ratio, but that of the alloy (M=Co) first mounts up then declines. The cycle stability of the alloy (M=Co) monotonously increases with rising B/A ratio, but it first decreases slightly then increases for the alloy (M=Ni). The discharge potential of the alloy (M=Ni) declines with increasing B/A ratio (x＞0.2), but for the alloy (M=Co), the result is contrary. The substitution of Co for Ni significantly ameliorates the electrochemical performances. For a fixed ratio B/A=3.7, the Co substitution enhances the discharge capacity from 365.7 to 401.8 mA-h/g, the capacity retention ratio (S100) after 100 charging-discharging cycles from 50.32% to 53.26% and the HRD from 88.65% to 90.69%.     

Effects of substituting Ni with M (M=Cu, Al and Mn) on microstructures and electrochemical characteristics of La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) electrode alloys

In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloy, Ni in the alloys was partially substituted by M (M=Cu, Al, Mn). A new La-Mg-Ni system electrode alloys La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Mx (M=Cu, Al, Mn;x =0,0.1) were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. The effects of element substitution and rapid quenching on the microstructures and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated. The results by XRD, SEM and TEM show that the alloys havea multiphase structure, including the (La, Mg)Ni3 phase, the LaNi5 phase and the LaNi2 phase. The rapid quenching and element substitution have an imperceptible influence on the phase compositions of the alloys, but both change the phase abundance of the alloys. The rapid quenching significantly improves the composition homogeneity of the alloys and markedly decreases the grain size of the alloys. The Cu substitution promotes the formation of an amorphous phase in the as-quenched alloy, and a reversal result by the Al substitution. The electrochemical measurement indicates that the element substitution decreases the discharge capacity of the alloys, whereas it obviously improves the cycle stability of the alloys. The positive influence of element substitution on the cycle life of the alloys is in sequence Al＞Cu＞Mn, and negative influence on the discharge capacity is in sequence Al＞Mn＞Cu. The rapid quenching significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys, but it leads to a different extent decrease of thedischarge capacity of the alloys.     

A2B7型La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5-xAlx（x=0-0．3）合金相结构及电化学性能

采用感应熔炼方法制备了A2B7型La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5-xAlx（x=0，0．02，0．06 0.1，0．3）四元贮氢合金，系统研究了Al元素部分替代Ni对A2B7型La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5合金相结构及电化学性能的影响。X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明：La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5由单一La2Ni7相组成：Al元素加入后，开始出现CaCu5型LaNi5相，当x=0．3时，LaNis相成为合金的主相。Rietveld分析表明：随着Al含量的增加，LaNi5相逐渐增多，Al的加入利于CaCu5型LaNi5相的形成。电化学测试表明：Al替代Ni对A2B7型合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5电极活化性能影响不大：而最大放电容量随Al在La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5-xAlx，合金中替代量的增加而减小。当放电电流密度为1600mA／g时，合金的倍率放电性能由68.8％（x=0）增加到81．16％（x=0．1）然后减小到65．67％（x=0.3）。此外，La0.75Mg0.25Ni3．5-xAlx合金电极循环稳定性先增加而后下降。x=0．06时合金电极容量保持率最大（S100=85.21．％）。     

Structure and electrochemical properties of La-Mg-Ni system hydrogen storage alloys with different Co contents

1 INTRODUCTIONTo increase the discharge capacity of nickel/metal-hydride ( Ni/ MH) batteries , new types ofhydrogen storage alloys with higher energy densityhave been paid considerable attention by research-ers . Particularly , recent investigations on theR-Mg-Ni (R=rare earth or Ca element) systemhydrogen storage alloys have led to a newseries ofternary alloys with a high hydrogen storage capaci-ty[1 3]. Kohno et al[4]found that the maxi mumdis-charge capacity of the La0 .7Mg0 .3Ni2 …     

Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of the as-Cast and Annealed La0.8-xPrxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0~0.4) Electrode Alloys

采用铸造及退火工艺制备了La0.8-xPrxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。系统研究了Pr的替代对合金的结构与电化学储氢性质的影响,结果表明除少量残余LaNi3相外,铸造及退火合金是由六方Ce2Ni7型(La, Mg)2Ni7相与六方CaCu5型LaNi5相构成的。Pr对La的置换对合金的电化学储氢性质产生明显影响,铸造及退火合金的放电容量和高倍率放电能力随Pr含量的增加先升后降。当Pr含量由0增加至0.4时,铸造及退火合金的100次充放电循环后容积保持率S100从64.96%和72.82%分别增加至77.94%和91.81%     

Zr替代La对快淬态A2B7型电极合金结构及电化学性能的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了A2B7型电极合金,合金的名义成分为La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2)。深入研究了Zr替代La对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。用XRD、SEM、TEM分析了合金的结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,含有两个主相(La,Mg)Ni3和LaNi5以及一个残余相LaNi2。Zr替代La使合金中LaNi5相明显增加,并促进快淬态合金中形成非晶相。电化学测试的结果表明,Zr替代La明显降低合金的放电容量,但显著改善合金的电化学循环稳定性。当Zr含量小于0.1时,合金的放电容量随淬速的增加而先增加后减小,合金的循环稳定性随淬速的增加而单调增加。     

快速凝固制备La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金的相结构及电化学性能

采用感应熔铸＋退火处理及快速凝固方法制备了La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金。系统研究了快速凝固对合金的相结构、微观组织及电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明，随着冷却速率的增加，La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1合金的相组成发生了明显变化。退火合金由αLa2Ni7主相（Ce2Ni7型结构）和少量LaNi3相（PuNi3型结构）组成。随着冷却速率的增加，合金中出现LaNi5相（CaCu5型结构）和LaMgNi4（MgCu4Sn型结构）相，且新相的相丰度增加，aLa2Ni7相和LaNi3相的丰度减少。EPMA分析表明，快速凝固方法制备的La2Mg0．9Ni7．5Co1．5Al0.1贮氢合金为柱状晶组织且晶粒细小。合金电极的电化学测试表明，冷却速率对合金的活化性能影响不大。随冷却速率的增加，合金的最大放电容量减少、高倍率放电性能下降。在较低的冷却速率下（5m／s），合金电极的循环稳定性改善不明显，而随着凝固速度的进一步增加（20m／s），合金电极表现出较好的循环稳定性。     

Improved Cycle Stability of La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x=0-0.4) Electrode Alloys by Melt Spinning

为了改善 La-Mg-Ni 系 A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,用 Pr 部分替代合金中的 La,并用熔体快淬工艺制备了La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。用 XRD、SEM、TEM 分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括 2 个主相(La,Mg)Ni3及 LaNi5和 1 个残余相 LaNi2。熔体快淬导致 LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)Ni3相减少。电化学测试结果表明,熔体快淬显著地提高合金的电化学循环稳定性。当淬速从 0 m/s (铸态被定义为淬速 0 m/s)增加到 20 m/s 时,x=0 合金 100 次充放循环后的容量保持率从 65.32%增加到 73.97%,x=0.4 合金的容量保持率从 79.36%增加到 93.08%。     

A2B7型贮氢合金相结构及电化学性能研究

采用感应熔炼方法制备La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMnx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)四元贮氢合金,系统地研究合金B侧Mn对Ni部分替代对合金相结构及电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明,La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMnx由La2Ni7相(包括Gd2Co7型高温相和Ce2Ni7型低温相)组成。此外,Mn的加入,使该类合金中出现LaNi5相,但是在含Mn量较高(x=0.15,0.2)的合金中LaNi5相消失。电化学测试表明,随Mn含量的增加,合金电极活化次数变化不大,合金电极的最大放电容量减小,高倍率放电性能、交换电流密度变差,循环稳定性、极限电流密度均得到明显的改善。     

Structures and electrochemical performances of La_(0.75-x)Zr_xMg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1) (x=0-0.2) electrode alloys prepared by melt spinning

The La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys with nominal composition La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2)were prepared by casting and melt-spinning.The influences of melt spinning on the electrochemical performances as well as the structures of the alloys were investigated.The results obtained by XRD,SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure,consisting of two main phases(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2.The melt spinning leads to an obvious increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the(La,Mg)Ni3 phase in the alloys.The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys(x≤0.1)first increases and then decreases with the increase of spinning rate,whereas for x0.1,the discharge capacity of the alloys monotonously falls.The melt spinning slightly impairs the activation capability of the alloys,but it significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys.     

La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx（x=0.0-0.35）贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能研究

采用X射线衍射、电子探针和电化学测试研究了La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx（x=0.0-0.35）合金的相结构和电化学性能。XRD结果和EPMA观察表明：La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0合金由LaNi3相和La2Ni7相组成。然而La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx（x=0．1，0．2，0．35）合金不含LaNi3相。研究结果表明Al替代Ni改变了La0．67Mg0．33Ni3.0合金的相结构，Al替代Ni不利于La0．67Mg0．33Ni3.0合金中LaNi3相的形成。此外，随Al含量的增加，La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx（x=0．1，0．2，0．35）合金的相结构也发生了变化。WDS分析表明：随La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx合金中X的增加，Al在LaNis相中的含量增加，但Al在LaNi2相的含量很少并且几乎不随X变化。电化学性能测试表明：Al替代Ni提高了La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0合金电极的循环稳定性。但La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0-xAlx合金电极的放电容量却随Al含量的增加而明显降低。     

铸态及快淬态La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0～0.2）电极合金的微观结构及电化学性能

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系（PuNi3）型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性,在La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9合金中加入微量Cr,用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0,0.1,0.2）贮氢合金.分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能及微观结构,研究了Cr对铸态及快淬态合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括（La,Mg）Ni3相（PuNi3结构））,LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相.快淬对合金的相组成没有影响,但使合金的相丰度产生变化.Cr的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降.合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能.