聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯／蒙脱土复合物的制备与表征

分别采用蒙脱土与对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BHET)和与乙二醇(EG)混合的方法，通过原位插层聚合制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯／蒙脱土(PET／MMT)复合材料，研究了MMT含量对PET粘均相对分子质量、复合材料微观结构及热和结晶性能的影响。结果表明，随有机化MMT的加入量增加，PET的粘均相对分子质量降低；将有机化MMT分散在乙二醇中再聚合所得复合物中MMT分散更为均匀；MMT的加入使PET的玻璃化温度、冷结晶温度和维卡软化温度降低，BHET法的PET结晶度和热结晶温度增加，而EG法的PET结晶度和热结晶温度下降。     

不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及性能研究

通过原位聚合法制备了不饱和聚酯(UP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,且研究了蒙脱土的用量对UP性能的影响.研究结果表明,采用原位聚合法可制备剥离型UP/MMT纳米复合材料,当蒙脱土的质量分数为3%时,复合体系的力学性能较UP有大幅提高.通过密度法测量复合体系的体积收缩率发现,少量蒙脱土的加入就可大幅降低UP的体积收缩率;通过DSC研究UP/MMT复合体系的固化性能发现,蒙脱土的加入可降低体系的固化温度.     

PET/PA6/蒙脱土体系的可纺性和染色性能研究

分别使用一步和二步熔融插层法,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了PET/PA6/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。利用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜研究了蒙脱土在PET/PA6中的插层情况及PET、PA6的相容性,发现两种方法均可以使MMT在基体中达到纳米级分散,得到剥离型的纳米复合材料。对PET/PA6/MMT共混体系的可纺性及染色性作了比较。结果表明:PET/PA6/MMT组成为90/10/2的一次共混体系具有较好的可纺性,并具有良好的分散染料可染性。     

PET/PTT/MMT复合材料的制备及其非等温结晶行为

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PET/PTT)合金以及该聚酯合金基蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了聚酯合金以及聚酯合金基蒙脱土复合材料的结构,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对其非等温结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:PET/PTT/MMT复合材料结构比聚酯合金致密,并且MMT的分散比较均匀;相同的降温速率下,随着蒙脱土含量的增加,PET/PTT/MMT复合材料的结晶温度向高温方向移动。随着降温速率增大,聚酯合金与聚酯合金基复合材料的结晶峰温度都向低温方向移动。     

硼酸锌与蒙脱土对阻燃聚氨酯硬泡抑烟作用的比较

比较了硼酸锌(ZB)与蒙脱土(MMT)在添加了磷酸三(β-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)和可膨胀石墨(EG)的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)中的阻燃、抑烟、抑制热释放及CO释放量的差异,使用氧指数、建材烟密度和锥形量热分析进行了表征。研究表明,在RPUF/EG/TCPP体系中,ZB更有利于降低材料的产烟量和热释放速率,而MMT更有利于降低材料的CO释放量。     

膨胀型阻燃聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土复合材料的制备与性能研究

本文介绍了膨胀型阻燃聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土(IFRTPU/MMT)复合材料的制备方法,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氧指数仪、UL-94垂直燃烧测试、热重分析(TGA)、拉伸测试以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和性能进行了表征。TEM结果表明,当蒙脱土(MMT)的用量较低时,MMT在聚氨酯体系中分散均匀,但是MMT用量较大时出现团聚现象。综合考虑IFRTPU体系的阻燃性能和力学性能,筛选出最佳配方为TPU/IFR/MMT(80/17.5/2.5)。TGA分析结果发现,MMT的引入可以明显增加TPU的成炭量。经SEM测试表明,与未添加MMT的IFRTPU相比,添加2.5wt%MMT的IFRTPU燃烧后形成一层致密的炭层,可以阻断材料内部和表面火焰之间的热与物质的交换,从而具有良好的阻燃性能。     

用原位有机改性法制备的溴化丁基橡胶／蒙脱土复合材料的性能

采用原位有机改性法制备了溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)/蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料,并对其硫化特性和力学性能进行了研究,用X射线衍射仪时复合材料中MMT的层间距进行了表征,并与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)和BIIR形成的复合材料进行了对比.结果表明,用原位有机改性法制备的BIIR/MMT复合材料的硫化特性和力学性能优于BIIR/Na/MMT复合材料,甚至优于BIIR/OMMT复合材料;采用原位有机改性法,可使BIIR/MMT体系中MMT的插层效果明显改善.     

聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和热性能研究

采用原位乳液聚合法和乳液共混法分别制备聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土(PSB/MMT)复合材料,研究不同类型的蒙脱土对插层结构类型的影响,用X射线衍射(XRD)对其插层结构进行表征,不同方法制备出的复合胶膜具有不同的插层结构,利用TG-DSC分析法分析其热降解性能。结果表明,添加了蒙脱土的PSB/MMT的复合体系热稳定性提高,其中插层型的要优于剥离型。     

复合载体法制备聚丙烯-蒙脱土复合材料

将传统Z-N催化剂TiCl4负载于蒙脱土．乙醇镁复合载体上,进行丙烯常压原位聚合,制备聚丙烯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料,克服了单-蒙脱土作载体时聚合活性低、产物分子量小的缺点。对比不同制备过程的催化剂,发现TiCl4的后处理可以大幅提高催化活性。引入苯乙烯可有效降低Mg—MMT／Mg(OEt)2/TiCl4/EB体系制备的Cat5催化聚合时所需的Al／Cat比。由Mg—MMT／Mg(OEt)2/Ti(OBu)4/TiCl4/EB体系制备的Cat6具有活性高,所需Al／Cat低的优点,为合适的制备聚丙烯-蒙脱土纳米复合材料的催化剂。WAXS和TEM表明复合材料中蒙脱土主要呈剥离杰分散干聚丙烯基体中。产物的熔点和商用聚丙烯的熔点接近。     

聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了蒙脱土(MMT)的结构特征、蒙脱土的有机化改性、聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PMN)的制备方法以及聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构特性及性能特点。     

Enhancing the grafting amount of Poly(ε-caprolactone) on MgO nanoparticles by modifying with ethylene glycol for improving mechanical properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone)

A new surface modification method to improve the graft polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) on MgO surface was developed. The MgO nanoparticles were first modified with ethylene glycol (EG), and then used for initiating graft polymerization of CL. The modified MgO nanoparticles were attested by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and dispersion stability test. The results showed that EG was successfully grafted onto the MgO surface, the hydroxyl group of the grafted EG initiated the graft polymerization of CL onto the MgO surface in the presence of stannous octanoate. The PCL grafting amount (11.13%) on MgO modified with EG (MgO-EG) is much higher than that of unmodified MgO (3.95%). MgO-EG-PCL with 11.13 wt% of grafted PCL exhibited the most excellent dispersibility in chloroform. The MgO-EG-PCL/PCL composites exhibited the most significant improvement, tensile strength and the elongation at break of PCL increased from 15.64 to 19.58 MPa and from 272.34% to 420.73%, respectively.     

Effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate modifier and PP-g-MA on the morphology and thermal conductivity of PP/EG composites

This study investigates the influence of expanded graphite (EG) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) treated EG (SDBS/EG) on the structure, thermal stability and thermal conductivity of polypropylene (PP) and polypropylene/maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP/MAPP) blend. The dispersion of EG and SDBS/EG was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SDBS-EG showed a crushed and randomly deformed structure. There was an improved interfacial adhesion between the polymer and the SBDS-EG particles. The graphite dispersed much better with less restacking for PP/MAPP/SDBS/EG system. The better dispersion also contributed towards the improved compatibility between the PP or PP/MAPP and SBDS/EG. The SDBS functionalised EG composites showed better thermal stability than the non-functionalized SDBS composites. It was further shown that the functionalized graphite significantly improved the thermal conductivity of the PP and PP/MAPP. This is because the functionalized SDBS/EG seemed to improve the interfacial heat transfer between the conductive filler (EG) and PP matrix.     

膨胀石墨的表面改性及其在PIR-RPUF中的应用

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、钛酸酯偶联剂对无卤阻燃剂膨胀石墨(EG)的表面进行了改性,同时将改性EG应用于PIR-RPUF(聚异氰脲酸酯改性聚氨酯泡沫塑料)的阻燃体系中。沉降试验研究表明,表面改性显著提高了EG在PIR-RPUF原料多元醇中的分散稳定性;X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)表面分析指出,改性EG表面存在大量羟基官能团。将改性EG与聚磷酸铵(APP)复合用于阻燃PIR-RPUF,其压缩强度得到相应改善。     

纳米SiO2的分散性对水泥胶砂强度的影响

采用手工搅拌、机械搅拌以及超声波作用对纳米SiO2进行分散处理,通过纳米粒度Zeta电位仪测定纳米SiO2胶体粒径及粒径分布,研究了纳米SiO2的分散性及其对水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水的影响.研究结果表明,比较三种分散效果,超声波作用最好,机械搅拌次之,手工搅拌最差;增加超声波作用时间,纳米SiO2胶体平均粒径降低,分散性提高,超声波作用超过10 min,纳米SiO2胶体小颗粒增多,但粒径分布曲线整体向大颗粒方向偏移,分散性提高不明显;水泥胶砂强度和毛细吸水性与纳米SiO2的分散性有关,随纳米SiO2分散性的提高,水泥胶砂强度增大,毛细吸水系数降低,胶砂试件的密实度提高.     

PET/ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及结晶性能

通过纳米ZnO存在下的对苯二甲酸／乙二醇(TPA／EG)酯化和缩聚反应制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)／ZnO纳米复合材料，研究了纳米ZnO用量及其分散方式对PET粘均摩尔质量、纳米ZnO在复合物中的分散及聚乙二醇(PEG)结晶性能的影响。发现纳米ZnO及分散改性剂(PEG)的加入，对合成PET的粘均摩尔质量均有一定影响；纳米ZnO在EG中直接分散再缩聚形成的复合物中，纳米ZnO团聚严重、分散性差，PET的结晶度和结晶速率降低；在纳米ZnO分散过程中加入PEG可以降低纳米ZnO在复合物中的团聚，提高分散性，PET的结晶度和结晶速率提高。     

Reduced percolation concentration in polypropylene/expanded graphite composites: Effect of viscosity and polypyrrole

With the goal to obtain material combining electrical and thermal conductivity at low filler loadings, composites based on polypropylenes (PP) and expanded graphite (EG) have been prepared. The effects of matrix viscosity and of coating the EG particles with polypyrrole (PPy, EG/PPy = 37.5/62.5 by weight) on the EG dispersibility and formation of percolation structures have been analyzed. When increasing the EG amount from 6 to 8 wt %, the electrical conductivity of PP/EG composites increased by 7–9 orders of magnitude, independent of matrix viscosity. When EG‐PPy is added, percolation was observed between 8 and 12 wt % EG‐PPy (3 and 4.5 wt % EG) in case of PP with higher viscosity and 6 wt % EG (2.25 wt % EG) in case of PP with lower viscosity, exhibiting a strong synergistic effect of EG and PPy in the latter case. In contrast, PPy does not contribute to reduction of thermal percolation concentration. Thermal percolation is observed at 8 wt % EG in PP/EG composites, but no percolation was found in PP/EG‐PPy composites with EG‐PPy contents of up to 20 wt %, corresponding to 7.5 wt % EG. Analyzing the melt rheology it becomes clear that the contribution of PPy to the formation of a filler network is strongly dependent on the matrix viscosity. The comparison of thermal, electrical and rheological percolation reveals that PPy participates in electron transport reducing the electrical percolation but not to heat transport. Overall, we found a good correlation between electrical, thermal, and melt rheological percolation concentrations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41994.     

纳米TiN粉末在水溶液和无水乙醇中的分散行为

通过粒径和颗粒表面电性质的测定,探讨了纳米TiN粉末在水溶液和无水乙醇中的分散特性及表面活性剂对分散的影响. 实验结果表明,纳米TiN颗粒在水中分散,溶液的pH值对颗粒的分散性有很大的影响,在pH 8处,能得到最好的分散效果. 随pH值变化,颗粒表面的荷电性质从正变化为负,等电点为3.7. 其分散行为遵循双电层静电稳定机制. 纳米TiN颗粒在无水乙醇中的分散行为受pH值的影响相对较小. 在整个pH范围内,颗粒表面荷正电,颗粒表面的溶剂化作用对分散起主导作用. 表面活性剂聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚可作为纳米TiN颗粒在水溶液中分散的分散剂,聚乙二醇可作为在水溶液和无水乙醇中分散的分散剂.     

Experimental investigation of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of APP/EG/TPU multilayer composites prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology

In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate(APP)/expandable graphite(EG)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology, APP and EG fillers had good synergistic flame retardancy and excellent dispersion in TPU matrix, which greatly improved the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of multilayer composites. The dispersion of APP and EG in TPU was characterized by using SEM, the flame retardancy of composites was characterized by using UL94 and LOI, the thermal stability of composites was characterized by using TGA and DTG, and tensile test was used to characterized the mechanical properties of composites. SEM showed that the microlayer coextrusion technology significantly improved the dispersion of APP and EG in TPU. As showed by the experimental results, the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V-2 after adding only one kind of filler either APP or EG, and the vertical combustion level of ordinary blended composites reached V-0 with APP and EG applied together, while the vertical combustion level of microlayer coextruded composites all reached V-0 when the total addition of APP and EG was 15%. In particular, the LOI value of microlayer coextruded composites was 30.9%, while the LOI value of ordinary blended composites only was 27.9% when APP: EG = 1: 1. At this time, the flame retardancy level of APP/EG/TPU composites was the best. In addition, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of microlayer coextruded composites were far superior to ordinary blended composites. In conclusion, the synergistic flame retardancy of APP and EG fillers and the dispersion of APP and EG fillers in TPU matrix played a significant role in enhancing flame retardancy and mechanical properties.     

HDPE/expanded graphite nanocomposites prepared via masterbatch process

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) was melt extruded with different amounts of expanded graphite (EG) based masterbatches. Conductive composites were obtained by diluting PE and PS masterbatches with 60 wt% content of expanded graphite. These masterbatches were readily dispersed into the molten HDPE matrix yielding well‐dispersed HDPE/EG nanocomposites which couldn't be done by direct melt extrusion process under the same conditions. Electrical conductivity measurements showed a reduced percolation threshold by this masterbatch filling technique while the resulting composites were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that of direct melt extrusion because EG sheets were effectively encapsulated by PE or PS carriers in these masterbatches which leads to a better EG dispersion in composites. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) proved an excellent dispersion of EG in polymer matrix with the worm‐like structure tended to break into pieces under intensive rolling. The improvements in mechanical and thermal properties have been studied for the nanocomposites as prepared by masterbatch process. The results depended greatly on the dispersion of EG and the compatibility between masterbatch and HDPE matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:882–888, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Quantitative characterization of kaolinite dispersibility in styrene–butadiene rubber composites by fractal dimension

A fractal method was introduced to quantitatively characterize the dispersibility of modified kaolinite (MK) and precipitated silica (PS) in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix based on the lower magnification transmission electron microscopic images. The fractal dimension (FD) is greater, and the dispersion is worse. The fractal results showed that the dispersibility of MK in the latex blending sample is better than that in the mill blending samples. With the increase of kaolinite content, the FD increases from 1.713 to 1.800, and the dispersibility of kaolinite gradually decreases. There is a negative correlation between the dispersibility and loading content. With the decrease of MK and increase of PS, the FD significantly decreases from 1.735 to 1.496 and the dipersibility of kaolinite remarkably increases. The hybridization can improve the dispersibility of fillers in polymer matrix. The FD can be used to quantitatively characterize the aggregation and dispersion of kaolinite sheets in rubber matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1486–1493, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers