基于小波变换的心电信号综合检测算法研究

目前小波分析已经用于心电信号（ECG）的R波峰点检测,但是对QRS波群的具体形态和起止点位置的检测研究较少,P波和T波的分析也是心电图计算机自动分析的难点.为解决心电信号各波形成分的综合检测问题,基于小波变换技术构建一系列检测方法、检测准则和阈值参数,检测和识别QRS波群、P波、T波的具体形态和位置.实验结果表明,所提出的综合检测算法具有较好的鲁棒性,能够较好地抑止或消除基线漂移、高频干扰等外部因素,以及大T波、大S波、高U波、波形融合等自身病态因素对波形综合检测产生的影响.     

基于形态小波的QRS波检测算法

根据心电信号中QRS波群的特点,提出了一种基于小波变换和数学形态学相结合的形态小波检测算法。小波变换方法对突变信号在时频域都具有优异的辨识能力及“可变焦距”的优良特性;数学形态学是基于信号局部特征的,能够在时域上提取信号的峰谷信息。将这两种方法结合起来,利用MIT/BIH心电数据库进行验证,QRS波群的检出率高达99.84%。     

基于多孔算法的心电图QRS波检测

关于心电图检测,由于受到噪声干扰影响,检测不准确.针对目前对QRS波群的起止点和R波峰值点检测定位不精确问题,提出一种多孔算法的特征点定位检测法.通过利用三次B样条小波的高阶平滑特性最大限度的去除噪声干扰,提取准确波形;利用多孔算法对不规则离散信号的无抽取平移不变性保证采样信号的完整性,在小波变换的过程中精确定位QRS波群的起止点和R波峰值点,实验结果表明,准确率达到99.80％.算法增强了对复杂突变心电信号的检测结果,对QRS波群的起止点和R波峰值点检测定位的准确性.     

mexican-hat小波在QRS波检测中的应用研究

提出了一种基于小波变换,结合多种判别修正方法的QRS波检测算法。首先采用mexican-hat小波对信号进行小波变换,在第3尺度上采用模极大值阈值法对R波进行检测。其次采用平面几何的数学方法定位Q波和S波。对于高尖P波和大T波造成的误检,采用弧度法进行纠正。对于高频干扰造成的影响用QRS时长法予以排除。该算法经过MIT-BIH Arrythmia Database的心电数据验证,取得了满意的结果。     

基于小波变换和希尔伯特包络分析的QRS波检测算法

提出一种基于双正交小波变换和Hilbert变换的QRS波检测算法。首先，通过双正交小波变换分解与重构，消除高频噪声，同时突出R峰位置，构造出有利于QRS波检测的检测层。然后，对信号求差分和希尔波特变换，进一步抑制P波、T波以及基线漂移等噪声。最后，在计算得到的包络信号上根据自适应阈值及决策规则进行R峰检测。根据MIT-BIH心率失常数据库有标注的临床数据进行验证，QRS波检测结果准确率达到99.01%，同时算法具有不错的鲁棒性和实时性。     

心电图中PonT现象的P波提取算法研究

在有P波骑T波现象(PonT现象)发生的心电图中,医生难以识别落在T渡上的P波形态.本文针对这一问题提出了一种基于小波变换的P波提取算法.实验表明,该算法具有较强的抗干扰能力,提取出的P渡形态完整,并且不会引起QRS波群的衰减.     

一种改进的心电图QRS波群检测算法

在利用小波变换检测QRS波群时,最关键的部分就是模极值配对,提出一种区域极值配对算法来检测R波。首先利用二次样条小波基函数和多孔(ATrous)算法对心电(ECG)信号进行小波变换求取模极值,用正极大值来确定搜索区域,以这个正极大值为起点,以这个确定区域为搜索范围,向左搜索负极大值点,将这两个极值配对,他们之间的过零点就是R波的对应点,然后在检测到R波的基础上检测出Q波与S波,再结合距离最大值法检测出QRS波群的起止点。并采用医学相关理论对检测结果进行优化,进一步去除错检点,补偿漏检点。最后利用MIT-BIH心率失常数据库中记录的数据对该算法进行验证,实验结果表明所提算法能准确检测QRS波群,平均检出率达到了99.97%。     

小波变换在信号突变点检测中的应用

从实际应用的角度出发,根据小波变换时-频分析自适应特性,本文详细阐述小波变换理论和小波变换在信号突变点检测中的应用,并具体实现了小波变换在信号突变点检测的相关算法。     

房性心律失常信号的特征识别研究

针对房性心律失常心电图中P波T波信号重叠这一现象,给出了T波的抑制方法.首先利用小波变换和信号奇异点之间的关系,对心电信号(ECG)的R泼和T波进行检测.而后对检测出来的符合阈值条件的T波建立模板,通过与原信号的反向叠加,消除叠加在P波上的T波,识别出P波的形态.该算法的实现有助于医生通过对P波形态进行分析来诊断房性心律失常.仿真和实测数据分析表明,该算法具有较高的定位精度(其误差不超过一个采样点)和波形识别能力.     

小波滤波与QRS波检测

利用双正交样条小波等效滤波器,实现了ECG信号的小波分解和重建。分析心电信号奇异点与其小波变换模极大值对的零交叉点的关系,提出了心电信号QRS波检测的算法。在检测算法中还使用了一系列策略来提高算法的抗干扰能力和QRS检测的准确性。经MIT/BIH心律失常数据库验证,QRS波的正确检测率达99.506%。最后将该算法应用到Windows Mobile智能手机上的心电监护系统中,达到令人满意的效果。     

Application of support vector machine for the detection of P- and T-waves in 12-lead electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is characterized by a recurrent wave sequence of P, QRS and T-wave associated with each beat. The performance of the computer-aided ECG analysis systems depends heavily upon the accurate and reliable detection of these component waves. This paper presents an efficient method for the detection of P- and T-waves in 12-lead ECG using support vector machine (SVM). Digital filtering techniques are used to remove power line interference and base line wander. SVM is used as a classifier for the detection of P- and T-waves. The algorithm is validated using original simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG recordings from the standard CSE ECG database. Significant detection rate of 95.43% is achieved for P-wave detection and 96.89% for T-wave detection. The method successfully detects all kind of morphologies of P- and T-waves. The on-sets and off-sets of the detected P- and T-waves are found to be within the tolerance limits given in CSE library.     

Fractal QRS-complexes pattern recognition for imperative cardiac arrhythmias

This paper proposes using fractal QRS-complexes pattern recognition for imperative cardiac arrhythmias. A typical electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is comprised of P-wave, QRS-complex, and T-wave. Fractal dimension transformation (FDT) is employed to adjoin the QRS-complex from time-domain ECG signals, including the fractal features of supraventricular ectopic beat, bundle branch ectopic beat, and ventricular ectopic beat. FDT with fractal dimension (FD) is addressed for constructing various symptomatic features, and can produce family functions and enhance features, making the difference between healthy and unhealthy subjects more significant. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) is proposed for recognizing the states of cardiac physiologic function. The proposed method is tested using the MIT–BIH (Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Beth Israel Hospital) arrhythmia database. Compared with other methods, the numerical experiments demonstrate greater efficiency and higher accuracy in recognizing ECG signals.     

Motion artifact removal based on periodical property for ECG monitoring with wearable systems

Motion artifact removal (MR) is one of the essential issues in processing raw ECG signals since it could not be simply solved by using classic filtering. In this paper, a QRS detection based Motion Artifact Removal algorithm (QRSMR) is proposed. The proposed method detects the entire QRS complex and removes the noise between two QRS complexes, while recovering P and T-waves. As verified in the tests on simulated noisy ECG signals, QRSMR outputs with seriously contaminated ECG signals have an increase of the correlation with their original clean signals from 40% to nearly 80%, demonstrating the improved noise removal ability of QRSMR. Moreover, in the tests on real ECG signals measured on volunteers with a flexible wearable ECG monitoring device developed at Fudan University, QRSMR is able to recover P-wave and T-wave from the contaminated signal, which shows its enhanced performance on motion artifact reduction comparing with adaptive filtering method and other methods based only on empirical mode decomposition.     

Automated ECG diagnostic P-wave analysis using wavelets

P-wave characteristics in the human ECG are an important source of information in the diagnosis of atrial conduction pathology. However, diagnosis by visual inspection is a difficult task since the P-wave is relatively small and noise masking is often present. This paper introduces novel wavelet characteristics derived from the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) which are shown to be potentially effective discriminators in an automated diagnostic process. Characteristics of the 12-lead ECG P-wave were derived using CWT and statistical methods. A normal control group and an abnormal (atrial conduction pathology) group were compared. The wavelet characteristics captured frequency, magnitude and variance components of the P-wave. The best individual characteristics (i.e. ones that significantly discriminated the groups) were entered into a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for four different models: two-lead ECG, three-lead ECG, a derived three-lead ECG and a factor analysis solution consisting of wavelet characteristic loadings on the factors. A comparison was also made between wavelet characteristics derived form individual P-waves verses wavelet characteristics derived from a signal-averaged P-wave for each participant. These wavelet models were also compared to standard cardiological measures of duration, terminal force and duration divided by the PR segment. Results for the individual P-wave approach generally outperformed the standard cardiological measures and the signal-averaged P-wave approach. The best wavelet model on the basis of both classification performance and simplicity was the two-lead model that uses leads II and V1. It was concluded that the wavelet approach of automating classification is worth pursuing with larger samples to validate and extend the present study.     

基于第二代小波变换的心电信号分析算法

为了改进用于计算机辅助诊断的心电信号处理中QRS组波检测速度以及实现心电信号的精确重构,本文提出利用第二代小波变换即提升格式对心电信号进行处理的方法。采用双正交样条小波滤波器,与此同时,给出提升方案。为了验证方法的实效性,对美国MIT-BIT数据库中的几组心电信号进行了初步的处理与试验分析,结果表明该方法不仅改善了检测速度和重构的精确性,同时也为心电信号的压缩处理提供了方便。     

基于多类SVM和小波变换的ECG检测、分类算法

提出了一种基于多类SVM和小波变换的ECG检测、分类算法,利用小波变换的时频特性,最大限度地避免了原始ECG信号的各种噪声干扰,有效提取ECG的特征量作为多类SVM的输入训练样本。实验结果表明,将小波变换和SVM相结合,可以有效地将不同病患的ECG信号识别出来。     

基于平稳小波变换的膈肌肌电信号降噪

为了去除膈肌肌电中的心电干扰,提出了一种基于平稳小波变换的“逆向”硬阈值的降噪方法。首先,对临床的膈肌肌电信号进行平稳小波变换,根据小波系数检测QRS并且确定心电干扰范围;其次,逐层估计心电周期范围的小波系数均方差,并且通过均方差计算各个心电干扰的阈值;最后,对各层心电干扰范围小波系数进行“逆向”硬阈值处理,并进行小波逆变换得到降噪后的信号。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰,并且能够较好的保留膈肌肌电信号的信号特征。     

基于非线性能量算子的心电信号R波检测方法

将Marr小波变换和非线性能量算子相结合实现了心电信号的R波检测,心电信号的Marr小波分解信号很好地抑制了各种噪声干扰,结合非线性能量算子运算可突出了QRS波的特征点,使得阈值检测便于实施,利用修正策略提高了R波检测率,经MIT/BIH标准心律失常数据库验证,R波的检测率可达到99.7%,该方法对于心电信号的自动分析系统具有应用价值。