HP强涡流型多通道燃烧器的开发与应用

1概述众所周知,在回转窑煅烧水泥熟料的过程中,窑用煤粉燃烧器将煤粉和空气的混合物喷入回转窑内,煤粉在高温下点着并燃烧,为熟料的煅烧提供热能,因此,燃烧器的性能及操作好坏关系到熟料产量、质量、热耗以及环境保护、回转窑耐火砖的使用寿命等问题。早期窑用煤粉燃烧器均采用     

篦冷机堆“雪人”的故障分析及处理

分析了原燃料的质量、熟料的液相量、飞砂料、篦冷机及煤粉燃烧器操作等因素对堆"雪人"的影响,提出了控制原燃材料的质量、调控熟料配料方案、正确操作篦冷机及煤粉燃烧器等相应处理技术措施,总结了实施改进技术措施后的生产实践效果。     

直接喷射煤粉的计量喂料设备简介

目前世界上以煤粉代替石油作为水泥厂燃料的趋势方兴未艾。由于多点用煤因而完全间接法制备煤粉是当前的主流。电收尘器的改进克服了完全简接煤粉制备系统的唯一不利条件。同时燃烧器的改进又促使采用螺旋泵以适当的风压将煤粉仓中的煤粉直接送入燃烧器。使一次风量可降低至10%以下。对节约煤耗和动力有很大好处。同时可借调节燃烧器中内外风道的空气量来调节火焰的形状以利遥控和自动化操作。     

Pillard煤粉燃烧器在水泥厂的应用

地处2142m高海拔（大气压为78kPa）地的云南红塔滇西水泥股份有限公司，目前有三台1000t／d水泥熟料生产线且均采用Pillard煤粉燃烧器，生产稳定正常。文章在介绍该燃烧器技术优点的基础上，重点介绍了逐次试用Pillard煤粉燃烧器的问题状况、原因分析、技术处理和操作优化情况。     

三通道煤粉燃烧器湍流场热线测试研究

采用双通道热线风速仪对典型三通道煤粉燃烧器形成的等温湍流场进行了测试研究，给出了轴向、切向平均速度的分布规律，探讨了相应的湍流强度分布曲线，分析了回流区、回流量的变化规律.所得结果对指导煤粉燃烧器的操作，开发新型三通道煤粉燃烧器及加深理解燃烧机理均有一定帮助，并为进一步开展理论研究提供了基础     

回转窑煤燃烧器的理论及实践（上）

介绍了煤粉燃烧器前端的热化学反应与传热,给出了单风道煤粉燃烧器的计算公式及喷头几何尺寸参数,简略简明了双风道及多风道煤粉燃烧器的工作原理,以利我国煤粉燃烧器的研制、应用与推广。     

煤粉燃烧热态试验研究方法综述

燃烧器是煤粉锅炉的核心部件,燃烧器的性能关系到煤粉燃烧程度和污染物排放水平。采用热态试验方法研究燃烧器的性能,获得的数据对于开发高效低氮煤粉燃烧器更具有指导意义。笔者从基本原理出发论述了煤粉燃烧各热态试验方法的优缺点以及适用场所,对于火焰温度测量,热电偶测温操作简易、便捷,但精确度不高,且只能同时单点测温,对火焰扰动较大;抽气式高温测温准确度较热电偶高,但操作复杂,对气流易造成干扰;光谱法有足够的精确度,对火焰扰动较小,可同时多点测量,能进行三维温度场重建,但相较于热电偶测温法和抽气式高温测温法,光谱法操作复杂、造价高。对于气固相采集,冷却取样法是准确采集燃烧器内煤粉燃烧烟气实时成分的常用手段,由于水的比热容较大,因而水冷式取样法是应用最广的取样方法;XPS和灰示踪法均为煤粉燃烧过程中测量煤焦样品化学组成的常用方法,均可定量分析固体煤焦样品,但两者检测重点不同,XPS主要分析化学官能团组成,灰示踪法着重分析其元素组成、计算煤转化率等;XPS操作较繁琐,灰示踪法操作简单。对于气体样品的检测和分析,电化学检测法和红外检测法均可测量多种气体,具有较强的适用性,但红外检测法检测范围更广;溶液吸收法适用于检测NH3和HCN浓度,但由于测量中不易捕捉、较为繁琐,且易受其他因素干扰,工程应用较少。在现场测量时,尽可能采用多种测量方法或多次测量,以规避可能导致误差的因素。通过多种测量方法可建立煤粉燃烧器热态下三维温度场、三维气氛场等,多维度研究煤粉的燃烧过程及污染物生成过程,从而采取有效手段治理污染,对于新型高效低氮燃烧器的开发以及煤粉工业锅炉污染物的综合治理具有重要意义。     

窑用新型四通道煤粉燃烧器的初步研究

本文根据新型干法窑热端煤粉燃烧器应具备的特点，对德国波力鸠斯公司开发的四通道煤粉燃烧器进行了机理研究，分析了四通道煤粉燃烧器的主要特点。     

浅析燃烧器位置与窑工况关系

水泥回转窑煤粉燃烧器（无论是单通道或多通道燃烧器）操作时,要根据煤粉挥发分、灰分的大小以及窑内火焰状况,对用风量和燃烧器在窑内的位置进行调整.其中,用风量可在操作过程中根据工况随时进行调整和优化;而当在线运行时,燃烧器相对于新型预分解窑位置是很少大幅调整的,一般都是在检修结束前一次性调整确认到位.燃烧器位置,尤其上、下、左、右位置对窑工况的影响特别大.     

NC型三通道煤粉燃烧器的开发

对国内外水泥回转窑煤粉燃烧器的发展状况进行了分析比较，确定了南京院煤粉燃烧器的具体结构形式，并地其进行了大量的冷态模型试验和计算机数值模拟研究，找到了影响燃烧器设计的基本参数，在此了开发设计出ＮＣ型煤粉燃烧器。     

壳牌煤气化装置的运行现状与展望

为了准确评述和分析壳牌煤气化装置在长周期稳定运行方面存在的问题,从市场因素、煤种更换、配套设施、工艺操作等外部因素,以及烧嘴罩烧坏、飞灰过滤器滤芯堵塞、合成气冷却器结垢等内部因素,研究了问题产生的原因;分析了现役壳牌煤气化装置的生产运行现况、停车次数和故障原因;对该工艺技术在国内的生产应用前景进行了展望。     

矿渣微粉生产线中热风炉的设计与配置

以高效节能型扩散式喷煤燃烧炉为主要装置构成的热风炉系统可靠性高,反应速度快,采用自动化控制,完全满足现代化矿渣微粉生产线的技术要求,在设计中采用了空气分级燃烧与热气流再循环燃烧技术,低NOx循环燃烧技术和双旋流煤粉燃烧器,环保指标符合国家环保标准的要求。     

风速对骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器排放特性的影响

基于煤粉燃烧机理,结合骨料烘干工艺,建立了骨料烘干煤粉燃烧器内部场的控制模型,采用Fluent软件模拟煤粉燃烧器内部燃烧状况,考察了一、二、三次风的风速对煤粉燃烧器中心轴线处CO, CO2, NO和SO2浓度的影响。结果表明,在研究的风速范围内,一、二、三次风风速越大燃烧越充分,一、二、三次风风速越小,产生的NO越少;三次风风速为40 m/s时,SO2浓度最低;较合理的控制参数为一次风风速30~35 m/s,二次风风速45~50 m/s,三次风风速30~40 m/s。     

Numerical simulation on optimization of structure and operating parameters of a novel lean coal decoupling burner

Due to its low volatile characteristics of lean coal, it is difficult to catch fire and burn out. Therefore, high temperature is needed to maintain combustion efficiency, while, this leads to high nitrogen oxide emission. For power plant boilers burning lean coal, stable combustion with lower nitrogen oxide emission is a challenging task. This study applied the 3D numerical simulation on the analysis of a novel de-coupling burner for low-volatile coal and its structure and operation parameters optimization. Results indicate that although it was more difficult for lean coal decoupling burner to ignite lean coal than high volatile coal, the burner formed a stepwise ignition trend, which promoted the rapid ignition of lean coal. Comparison of three central partition plate structure shows that in terms of characteristics of the flow field distribution, rich and lean separation and combustion, the structure with an inclination of 0° showed good performance, with its rich-lean air ratio being 0.85 and concentration ratio being 22.94, and there was an apparent decoupling combustion characteristic. Finally, the structure of the selected burner was optimized for its operational conditions. The optimal operating parameters was determined as the primary air velocity of 24.9 m·s⁻¹ and the mass flow rate of pulverized coal of 2.5 kg·s⁻¹, in which the pyrolysis products were utilized as reductive agent more fully. Eventually, the nitrogen oxide was efficiently reduced to nitrogen, which emission concentration was 61.88% lower than that in the design condition.     

Numerical simulation on optimization of structure and operating parameters of a novel lean coal decoupling burner

Due to its low volatile characteristics of lean coal, it is difficult to catch fire and burn out. Therefore, high temperature is needed to maintain combustion efficiency, while, this leads to high nitrogen oxide emission. For power plant boilers burning lean coal, stable combustion with lower nitrogen oxide emission is a challenging task. This study applied the 3D numerical simulation on the analysis of a novel de-coupling burner for low-volatile coal and its structure and operation parameters optimization. Results indicate that although it was more difficult for lean coal decoupling burner to ignite lean coal than high volatile coal, the burner formed a stepwise ignition trend, which promoted the rapid ignition of lean coal. Comparison of three central partition plate structure shows that in terms of characteristics of the flow field distribution, rich and lean separation and combustion, the structure with an inclination of 0° showed good performance, with its rich-lean air ratio being 0.85 and concentration ratio being 22.94, and there was an apparent decoupling combustion characteristic. Finally, the structure of the selected burner was optimized for its operational conditions. The optimal operating parameters was determined as the primary air velocity of 24.9 m·s^-1 and the mass flow rate of pulverized coal of 2.5 kg·s^-1, in which the pyrolysis products were utilized as reductive agent more fully. Eventually, the nitrogen oxide was efficiently reduced to nitrogen, which emission concentration was 61.88% lower than that in the design condition.     

烧成系统NOx的形成及排放控制技术介绍

煤燃烧过程中污染物的形成、迁徙、排放和抑制规律、NOx污染控制技术等是煤燃烧领域重点研究的内容。文章分析了水泥工业回转窑中煤粉燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理，并针对NOx的形成机理和影响因素，探讨了水泥工业相关的低NOx燃烧技术。目前，较为实际的方法是采取空气分级燃烧技术和设计出科学的燃烧器二种。     

100％燃无烟煤的预分解窑生产线操作控制要点

湖北恩施腾龙水泥有限公司100％燃无烟煤的预分解窑生产线由中材国际工程股份有限公司设计和调试,点火后10d就实现达标生产运行。介绍了该线主要工艺装备——喷煤管、预热分解系统、篦冷机和生料均化库的技术特性,全面总结了该线的生产控制要点和操作参数的控制范围,同时重点对无烟煤的操作要点进行了介绍。     

Development of an oxycoal swirl burner operating at low O2 concentrations

This work is to clarify the underlying mechanisms of burning pulverised coal in a mixture of CO₂/O₂. The performance of two different burner designs, single central orifice-type (SCO) and single annular orifice-type (SAO), under oxycoal conditions was examined in a down-fired test facility. Based on detailed in-flame measurements, combined with numerical simulations, the main parameters influencing the stability of a CO₂/O₂ pulverised coal swirl flame were investigated. The oxycoal flame was stabilised at the burner quarl by: increasing the O₂ concentration above 34 vol% without changes to the air-firing burner design and by modifications of the burner geometry thus changing its aerodynamics. The modification of the burner allowed a decrease of the O₂ concentrations to 23 vol% for SCO burner and to less than 21 vol% for SAO burner. Comprehensive measurement data for axial and tangential velocity, flue gas temperature and oxygen concentration for stable oxy-firing at 21 vol% O₂ is presented. The results reported can be used as a guideline for a development of an industrial swirl burner capable of stable operation in both regimes, namely: air and oxycoal.     

5000t/d预分解窑煅烧劣质煤的生产实践

由于国家煤炭资源紧张，华新水泥股份有限公司在5000t／d熟料生产线上进行了应用劣质燃煤生产的试验研究。结果表明，应用多风道煤粉燃烧器强化窑头燃烧条件，改善分解炉燃烧状况；设法提高二次风温，保证窑、炉足够通风。适当调整配料方案是应用劣质燃煤的技术关键，劣质煤完全可保证大型预分解窑稳定生产。     

Microwave plasma combustion of coal

Microwave plasma is studied as an alternative to oil or gas fuel for ignition and stabilisation of burning of lean coal. The study is performed on an experimental set-up, which includes a burner with a microwave plasma generator, coal and air supply systems, and measurement equipment. Power and thermochemical characteristics of the coal-plasma interaction have been measured and analysed. The obtained results indicate an essential intensification of ignition and combustion processes in the microwave burner compared to those in conventional burners. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the microwave energy consumption is only about 10% of the required expenditure of oil or gas, measured in heat equivalent. A design of an industrial microwave-plasma burner is proposed. Prospects of such burner for applications at industrial boilers of power plants are discussed.