生物降解性吸水聚氨酯泡沫化肥

研究了以聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯为主原料，采用水基发泡新工艺制作软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的配方，在其基础之上加入魔芋粉、高吸水树脂和尿素以制作生物降解吸水性聚氨酯泡沫化肥。研究表明通过调整聚氨酯泡沫的密度以及魔芋粉、高吸水性树脂的含量可以控制尿素的缓释速度。研究还表明该材料在土壤中可以生物降解。     

纤维素接枝丙烯酸类吸水剂改性聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料的研究

在软质聚氨酯泡沫成型过程中加入纤维素接枝丙烯酸类吸水剂,制得了一种柔软的高吸水性复合材料。研究了异氰酸酯指数以及纤维素接枝丙烯酸类吸水剂的加入时间及用量等因素对材料性能的影响。结果表明:制备的复合型吸水材料,吸水倍率达到了58(g/g),并具有高柔性、可制成片材、异型材等特点。这些优点将使它在医药卫生方面有很大的应用前景。     

磷酸酯淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂的制备和性能研究

以玉米淀粉为原料合成了可生物降解的高吸水树脂,并在淀粉中引入磷酸根离子,然后对制备的树脂进行保水保肥等性能的研究。结果表明:磷酸酯淀粉类高吸水树脂具有较好的吸水性能,吸水倍率达339.65g/g,对0.9%NaCl溶液的吸液率有71.90g/g。树脂对氮肥的吸附量随氮肥浓度的增加而增加,在硫酸铵浓度为24g/L时达到最大值405.82mg/g;树脂加入土壤后,最大吸氮量达344.99mg/g。磷酸酯淀粉类高吸水树脂加入土壤后能改善土壤结构,提高土壤的保水保肥性能。最佳树脂用量为1.5%,当超过这个用量,树脂吸水膨胀后对土壤结构不利。用量为1.5%的树脂与土壤混合5d后,释放量不超过吸附的26%。     

植物型软质聚氨酯泡沫制备及缓冲性能研究

以玉米秸秆为原料,利用植物原料的液化技术,制备了植物型软质聚氨酯泡沫并研究了其缓冲性能.重点研究了秸秆的多羟基醇液化产物和异氰酸酯的比率对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响,当异氰酸酯用量低时可以得到软质聚氨酯泡沫;所制备的软质聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的缓冲性能,在包装领域应用前景光明.最后,通过红外光谱分析聚氨酯生成的机理.     

陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料的力学性能

以泡沫SiC陶瓷为基本骨架,以改性酚醛树脂为基体,加入短切高硅氧玻璃纤维制备出陶瓷/纤维/树脂超混杂复合材料(SHCM),研究了泡沫陶瓷骨架和高硅氧纤维对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,泡沫陶瓷骨架有利于材料的刚度和尺寸稳定性提高.加入泡沫陶瓷骨架后,纤维/树脂/陶瓷超混杂复合材料的压缩强度和压缩模量增大,随着泡沫陶瓷骨架含量的提高,弯曲模量大幅度提高而弯曲强度略有下降;随着高硅氧纤维含量的提高,材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量均明显提高.     

泡沫陶瓷/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及性能研究

以不同孔隙密度泡沫陶瓷作为复合材料骨架，选用聚氨酯作为基底材料填充进泡沫陶瓷，制备出泡沫陶瓷-聚氨酯复合材料。通过分析复合材料的微观形貌，以及对材料的压缩和冲击性能进行测试分析，研究了不同孔隙密度泡沫陶瓷对复合材料压缩性能及冲击性能的影响。结果表明：加入泡沫陶瓷后的复合材料界面结合紧密，性能得到提高。当泡沫陶瓷的孔径密度为40ppi时，复合材料压缩强度得到了极大提高，达到了16.52MPa,相比较纯PU,压缩强度提高了84.2%,复合材料压缩强度达到最大。但复合材料的抗冲击性能与泡沫陶瓷孔隙密度成反比，泡沫陶瓷孔隙密度越低，材料抗冲击性能越好，20ppi泡沫陶瓷聚氨酯复合材料冲击能量为66.25J,与纯聚氨酯相比，冲击能量提高了367.2%,性能得到明显增长，表现出良好的力学性能，可在建材领域加以利用。     

基于冲击实验的泡沫铝-聚氨酯缓冲性能研究

目的 设计一种缓冲性能优良的缓冲结构, 并评估其填充材料的力学性能。方法 把泡沫铝原材料加工成试样尺寸, 用钻床给泡沫铝试样钻孔, 填入不同体积分数的聚氨酯。采用冲击实验的方法对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的力学性能进行分析。结果 在泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料试样中, 聚氨酯的体积分数为4.9%时材料韧性最好。结论 泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料结构的缓冲性能比泡沫铝单体更好,是最理想的抗高冲击、 高过载缓冲防护材料。     

软质聚氨酯泡沫无卤阻燃研究进展

结合飞机使用的软质聚氨酯泡沫,综述了近10年来国内外有关其无卤阻燃剂的研究进展,包括含磷阻燃剂、含氮阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂和复合阻燃剂,介绍了相应的阻燃效果和阻燃机理等.指出采用具有抑烟性能的复合阻燃剂阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫是必然趋势.     

泡沫铝孔隙率对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能性能的影响

目的 研究在压缩过程中,泡沫铝孔隙率对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能性能的影响。方法 对制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料进行准静态压缩实验。结果 通过准静态压缩实验得出泡沫铝以及不同孔隙率的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的应力-应变曲线,分析可知泡沫铝孔隙率从94.6%降到93%,其吸能性能增加了71.9%。结论 在泡沫铝中加入聚氨酯形成的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料相比于泡沫铝的吸能性能得到很大提高,且泡沫铝的孔隙率与泡沫铝-聚氨酯的吸能性能成负相关的关系。     

聚氨酯部分

CN031一种氨基硅油改性聚氨酯的制备方法;CN032一种体育运动场地用环保型聚氨酯铺面材料；CN033端羟基丁苯液体橡胶的合成方法；CN034软质聚氨酯泡沫材料及其制造方法     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from