熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能的研究

采用熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.对制备的PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行表征和研究,通过XRD分析了PET基体中蒙脱土片层的插层情况,发现达到预期效果;试验数据表明:有机蒙脱土使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸模量和弯曲模量上升;随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加,复合材料的阻隔性能得到提高.     

蒙脱土改性尼龙6性能的研究

采用熔融插层法,通过双螺杆熔融挤出制备尼龙6(PA6)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,测定其拉伸强度和模量、弯曲强度和模量、冲击强度等性能.结果表明,当复合材料中蒙脱土质量分数为2%时得到的PA6/MMT复合材料综合力学性能最佳.     

熔融挤出插层制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的探讨(Ⅰ)

通过双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出法制备出插层型聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用有机蒙脱土的预凝胶测试,复合材料的透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察,熔体流动指数测试(M I),力学性能测试,耐热性测试等方法进行了表征。结果表明,通过本方法制备的聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料是典型的插层型纳米复合材料。该复合材料在有机蒙脱土质量分数仅为4.0%时缺口冲击强度提高了103%,耐热性有所提高,而屈服强度、刚性基本不变,为研制PPR管等同时具有高韧性和高耐热性的聚丙烯产品开辟了一条崭新的途径。     

不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用原位插层复合法制备不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料.通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段表征不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的微观结构;通过拉伸、冲击和氧指数实验对不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能进行研究.结果表明,当蒙脱土含量为0.5%时阻燃纳米复合材料与纯不饱和聚酯相比氧指数从22上升到24,此时拉伸强度提高8.76%,冲击强度提高68.65%.与阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯复合材料相比,同等阻燃级别下拉伸强度提高23.06%,冲击性能提高93.9%.     

醋酸纤维素/蒙脱土生物纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

采用熔融插层法在聚乙二醇的增塑作用下制备了醋酸纤维素/蒙脱土(CA/MMT)生物纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射和透射电镜表征了CA/MMT纳米复合材料的插层结构。X射线衍射结果表明,复合后蒙脱土的层间距增大;透射电镜照片显示,蒙脱土在CA基体中达到纳米级分散,且分散均匀。CA/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能得到较大提高,加入5 phr有机蒙脱土时,复合材料的拉伸强度从纯增塑CA的38.8 MPa增到48.2 MPa。动态力学测试表明复合材料的储能模量增大,玻璃化转变温度提高。     

聚丙烯/聚乙二醇改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学和流变性能

通过熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜表征了PP/MMT纳米复合材料的插层结构。XRD结果表明,经过聚乙二醇(PEG)处理的蒙脱土层间距增大;透射电镜(TEM)照片显示,蒙脱土在PP基体中达到纳米级分散,且分散均匀。PP/MMT纳米复合材料力学性能得到较大提高。加入5份改性MMT时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别从纯PP的3.93kJ/m2、74.46%提高到9.95kJ/m2、220.66%。动态流变性能测试结果表明,MMT的加入降低了PP的复数黏度(η*)、储能模量(G′)和耗能模量(G″)。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合包装材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用熔融插层法在双螺杆挤出机中制备了聚丙烯(PP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,纳米复合材料机械性能测试结果表明,当有机蒙脱土(MMT)质量比为2%时,复合材料的综合力学性能明显优于聚丙烯(PP).扫描电镜观测不到纳米复合材料中明显的有机-无机相畴,表明蒙脱土(MMT)片层分散均匀,分散尺度已基本达到纳米级.     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和表征

用熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。X射线衍射测试(XRD)表明,制备的纳米复合材料均为插层型。扫描电镜(SEM)观测到纳米复合材料没有明显的有机无机相畴,即蒙脱土和聚丙烯有较好的相容性。差热分析测试(DSC)表明,蒙脱土的加入,对复合材料的熔点影响不大。热重分析测试(TGA)表明,蒙脱土的加入,使复合材料的热稳定性得到很大提高。动态热机械分析测试(DMTA)表明,蒙脱土的加入使储存模量得到很大提高,玻璃化转变温度略有下降。     

EVA-g-PU/SBR/OMMT复合材料的制备与性能表征

采用熔融共混与熔融插层相结合的方法,制备了EVA-g-PU/SBR/OMMT复合材料.采用x-射线衍射仪(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)研究了蒙脱土在聚合物基体中的分散状态,用电子万能试验机、摩擦磨损试验机测试了材料的力学性能及耐摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫面电镜分析了材料的磨损机理.结果表明,蒙脱土主要以插层型分布在聚合物基...     

阻燃聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融挤出法制备出了膨胀阻燃剂/聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土(IFR/PP/OMMT)阻燃纳米复合材料,XRD分析表明,蒙脱土的层间距扩大,复合材料进入其层闻,形成了纳米复合材料;结果表明,当复合材料中IFR含量为25%时,加入4%的OMMT体系的缺口冲击强度为7.8kJ/m2,拉伸强度为25.3MPa,弯曲模量为1520MPa,极限氧指数(LOI)提高到26,而耐热性也得到提高,复合材料的综合性能最好;通过对膨胀炭层的SEM分析表明,OMMT可以使炭层更加紧密,阻燃性能进一步提高.     

Reinforcement of polypropylene with hemp fibres

Noil hemp fibre (NHF) is a kind of textile hemp fibre after deep degumming from scutched hemp fibre (SHF), mechanically-degummed hemp fibre. Both NHF and SHF with strong mechanical properties are good candidates as reinforcing fibres for plastics such as polypropylene (PP). The PP/NHF and PP/SHF composites were blended via internal mixing process. The effect of fibres on the morphology, thermal resistance and reinforcement of the composites were investigated. PP/NHF composites showed higher impact strength, lower flexural strength than PP/SHF at the corresponding loading because NHF has smaller diameter and better thermal resistance than SHF. Meanwhile, NHF has the similar reinforcement to tensile strength with SHF. The effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) on the fibre-resin interface bonding was also comparatively studied. With increasing amount of MAPP, the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of PP/NHF and PP/SHF increased, respectively. The morphology of PP/SHF and PP/NHF results well showed that MAPP improved the interaction of the fibres with PP through chemical adhesion.     

A comparative study of the effect of different rigid fillers on the fracture and failure behavior of polypropylene based composites

Polypropylene (PP) composites with 5 wt% of different rigid particles (Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, SiO₂ nanoparticles, Clay (Cloisite 20A) nanoparticles or CaCO₃ microparticles) were obtained by melt mixing. Composites with different CaCO₃ content were also prepared. The effect of fillers, filler content and addition of maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) on the composites fracture and failure behavior was investigated. For PP/CaCO₃ composites, an increasing trend of stiffness with filler loading was found while a decreasing trend of strength, ductility and fracture toughness was observed. The addition of MAPP was beneficial and detrimental to strength and ductility, respectively mainly as a result of improved interfacial adhesion. For the composites with 5 wt% of CaCO₃ or Al₂O₃, no significant changes in tensile properties were found due to the presence of agglomerated particles. However, the PP/CaCO₃ composite exhibited the best tensile behavior: the highest ductility while keeping the strength and stiffness of neat PP. In general, the composites with SiO₂ or Clay, on the other hand, displayed worse tensile strength and ductility. These behaviors could be probably related to the filler ability as nucleating agent. In addition, although the incorporation of MAPP led to improved filler dispersion, it was damaging to the material fracture behavior for the composites with CaCO₃, Al₂O₃ or Clay, as a result of a higher interfacial adhesion, the retardant effect of MAPP on PP nucleation and the lower molecular weight of the PP/MAPP blend. The PP/MAPP/SiO₂ composite, on the other hand, showed slightly increased toughness respect to the composite without MAPP due to the beneficial concomitant effects of the presence of some amount of the β crystalline phase of PP and the better filler dispersion promoted by the coupling agent which favor multiple crazing. From modeling of strength, the effect of MAPP on filler dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the PP/CaCO₃ composites was confirmed.     

Structure–fracture properties relationship for Polypropylene reinforced with fly ash with and without maleic anhydride functionalized isotactic Polypropylene as coupling agent

The deformation and fracture behavior of PP/ash composites with and without maleic anhydride functionalized iPP (MAPP) as coupling agent was investigated, focusing on the effect of ash content and loading conditions. A decreasing trend of tensile strength and strain at break values with filler content was observed for unmodified composites, whereas these properties were roughly independent of ash content for the composites with MAPP. In quasi-static fracture tests, all materials displayed ductile behavior. Most composites exhibited improved fracture properties with respect to the matrix as a result of the toughening mechanisms induced by the ash particles. Under impact loading conditions, in contrast, all materials displayed fully brittle behavior. Impact critical fracture energy values of the composites were higher than those of PP and they also presented a maximum which was explained in terms of the comprehensive analysis of the crystallinity development in PP. The incorporation of MAPP led to better dispersion of ash particles in the matrix but was detrimental to the material fracture behavior independently of loading conditions. Increased interfacial adhesion promoted by MAPP hindered particle-induced toughening mechanisms.     

Effect of coupling agents on reinforcing potential of recycled carbon fibre for polypropylene composite

Polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with recycled carbon fibre have been prepared through extrusion compounding and injection moulding. The reinforcing potential of the recycled fibre was increased by improving the interfacial adhesion between the fibre and PP matrix and this was done by the addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agents. Three MAPP couplers with different molecular weights and maleic anhydride contents were considered. The effects on the mechanical properties of the composite were studied, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the fracture morphology of the tensile specimens. It was observed that with the addition of MAPP the interfacial adhesion was improved as fewer fibres were pulled-out and less debonding was seen. A microbond test was performed and a significant improvement in interfacial shear strength was measured. This resulted in composites with higher tensile and flexural strengths. The maximum strength was achieved from MAPP with the highest molecular weight. Increased modulus was also achieved with certain grades of MAPP. It was also found that the composite impact strength was improved significantly by MAPP, due to a higher compatibility between the fibre and matrix, which reduced crack initiation and propagation.     

改性纳米碱式氯化镁晶须填充ABS/PP复合材料的力学性能

本文通过熔融共混法在接枝了PMMA的碱式氯化镁（g-BMC）表面包覆TPE橡胶层,制得BMC母料,再将其与PP、ABS共混复合制备出ABS/PP复合材料,分别考察了BMC母料、g-BMC以及PP三者不同添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验用量范围内,BMC/ABS复合材料的冲击强度和熔融指数随着BMC填料含量的增加而增大。当BMC母料含量为15%,g-BMC含量为55%时具有较好的冲击性能;当PP含量为9%-10%时,BMC/PP/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最好;BMC填料含量对复合材料的拉伸强度影响较小,但随其用量增加复合材料的冲击强度有明显提高。     

Characterization and biodegradability of polypropylene composites using agricultural residues and waste fish

The objective of this research was to study the potential of waste agricultural residues such as rice-husk fiber (RHF), bagasse fiber (BF), and waste fish (WF) as reinforcing and biodegradable agents for thermoplastic composites. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent was performed to promote polymer/fiber interfacial adhesion. Several composites with various polypropylene (PP) as polymer matrix, RHF, BF, WF, and MAPP contents were fabricated by melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder and then by injection molding. The resulting composites were evaluated through mechanical properties in terms of tensile, flexural, elongation at break and Izod notched impact following ASTM procedures. Biodegradability of the composites was measured using soil burial test in order to study the rates of biodegradation of the composites. In general, the addition of RHF and BF promoted an increase in the mechanical properties, except impact strength, compared with the neat PP. According to the results, WF did not have reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties, while it could considerably improve the biodegradation of the composites. It was found that the composites with high content of WF had higher degradation rate. Except impact strength, all mechanical properties were found to enhance with increase in cellulosic fiber loading In addition, mechanical properties and biodegradability of the composites made up using RHF was superior to those of the composites fabricated with BF, due to its morphological (aspect ratio) characteristics.     

Isocyanate as a compatibilizing agent on the properties of highly crystalline cellulose/polypropylene composites

Composites of a highly crystalline cellulosic microfibres with polypropylene (PP) as well as with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were prepared by using 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (DIC) as a compatibilizing agent, their mechanical properties, morphologies, and thermal properties were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength and young’s modulus of the composites improved intensively by using DIC. The enhancement is proposed to be due to stronger interfacial adhesion caused by the reduction of the polarity and hydrophilicity of cellulose fiber in PP-based composites, while much more chemically bound MAPP chains on cellulose fiber in MAPP-based composites. A maximum on tensile properties of the composite can be obtained by optimizing of the DIC content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the interfacial adhesion between cellulose fibers and PP or MAPP matrix was improved in DIC coupled composites. Furthermore, DIC yields also some effects on thermal dynamic mechanical properties, as well as melting and crystallization behavior of the composites.     

麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的熔融流变性

用挤塑模压的方法制备麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料, 研究了麦秸纤维添加量、尺寸及马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP) 添加量、温度对麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料熔融流变性的影响。麦秸纤维添加量从10 wt%增加至30 wt%时, 复合材料的熔融黏度增加。马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯的加入提高了体系的流动性, 熔融黏度降低。麦秸纤维以长纤维和纤维束作为增强材料时, 复合材料的熔融黏度降低, 以细小纤维作为增强材料时, 复合材料的熔融黏度增加。温度由170 ℃升高至190 ℃, 剪切速率由0. 01 s -1增加至0. 1 s -1 时, 麦秸纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的黏度降低。      

Effect of a novel coupling agent,alkyl ketene dimer,on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation of poplar wood fibers both with and without a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), on the mechanical properties of wood fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites. The resulting properties were compared to those obtained with the most commonly used coupling agent, maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). Tensile and impact strengths of the composites decreased with increasing poplar wood fibers content. Tensile modulus of the composites increased by the incorporation of the wood fibers content up to 70 wt% but further increment in the wood fibers decreased the tensile modulus. At the constant content of poplar wood fibers (70 wt%), the tensile strength determined for the coupled composites with 5% AKD increased by 41% in comparison with the non-coupled composites while the tensile modulus increased by 45%, the impact strength of the coupled composites increased by 38%. The performance of 5% AKD on the mechanical properties of the composites is a little better than 3% MAPP. The good performance of 5% AKD is attributed to the enhanced compatibility between the poplar wood fibers and the polymer matrix. The increase in mechanical properties of the composites demonstrated that AKD is an effective coupling agent for wood fiber/PP composites.     

乳液插层法制备天然胶/蒙脱土复合材料的性能

先用乳液插层法制共沉胶,再通过熔融混炼法制备有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)/天然胶乳复合材料。研究复合材料的结构、拉伸性能、硬度、热性能。结果表明:OMMT/天然胶乳形成了插层型纳米结构。与天然橡胶相比,OMMT/天然胶乳复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度增加。当OMMT含量为6%时,能获得拉伸强度、断裂伸长率较优的材料。该OMMT/天然胶复合材料的力学性能超过白碳黑对材料的增强效果。