Effect of austenitization heat treatment on the magnetic properties of Fe-40wt % Ni-2wt % Mn alloy

The effect of austenitization heat treatment on magnetic properties was examined by means of M6ssbauer spectroscopy on an Fe-40wt%Ni-2wt%Mn alloy. The morphology of the alloy was obtained by using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） under different heat treatment conditions. The magnetic behavior of the non heat-treated alloy is ferromagnetic. A mixed magnetic structure including both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states was obtained at 800℃ after 6 and 12 h heat treatments. In addition, the magnetic structure of the heat-treated alloy at 1150~C for 12 h was ferromagnetic. With the volume fraction changing, the effective hyperfine field of the ferromagnetic austenite phase and isomery shift values were also determined by Mtssbauer spectroscopy.     

Influences of 2.5wt% Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys

The influences of 2.5wt%Mn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-11.9wt%Al-3.8wt%Ni shape memory alloy(SMA) were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The experimental results show that Mn addition influences considerably the austenite-martensite transformation temperatures and the kind of martensite in the Cu-Al-Ni alloy.The martensitic transformation changes from a mixedβ_1→β'_1...     

焊接对Zr—Nb包壳管显微硬度和组织的影响

通过对M5锆合金包壳管进行金相分析、TEM分析和显微硬度测试,研究了真空电子束焊接对M5合金显微组织和力学性能的影响．实验结果表明：Zr-Nb合金焊接组织为粗大的马氏体a和d所构成,晶粒度远高于母材,近缝区母材晶粒并未长大．在透射电子显微镜下可清晰看到板条状马氏体．焊缝区域的显微硬度明显高于母材．     

Optimization Methodology of Empirical Electronic Theory by Employing Statistical Model

An optimization methodology of empirical electronic theory(EET)for solids and molecules has been developed by employing a statistical model in this study.The current paper calculates the hybridization states of different atoms in some crystal structures and succeeds in predicting valence states of atoms.The prediction ofγ-Fe hybridization states based on statistics is found to be in reasonable agreement with early measurements.Through calculating Cr alloy austenite and Cr alloy martensite,the statistical results proved stable for each atom,and it is found that the valence electron structure of an atom depends on its element type and location in the crystal cell;finally,wear resistant steel with1 wt% C is designed by using a statistical model which is consistent with traditional empirical design.     

A growth manner of butterfly martensite

The growth of butterfly martensite in an Fe-Ni-V-C alloy was investigated using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope through observing its morphology. The present butterfly martensite is dislocation-type, with a few fine twins. One wing of a butterfly martensite is layered more heavily than the other and the concave part is layered more obviously than other regions. Most butterfly martensites have a lath plate outside of and next to one wing. The outside martensite plates grow first, and then two wings of butterfly martensite. The smooth parts of a butterfly martensite grow earlier than the layered regions. A wing of a butterfly martensite grows like a group of lath martensites.     

Influence of secondary carbide precipitation and transformation on abrasion resistance of a 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron

The relationship between the secondary carbide precipitation and transformation of the 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron and abrasion resistance was investigated by using optical microscope （OM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffrac- tion （XRD）. The results show that the properties of secondary carbides precipitated at holding stage play an important role in the abrasion resistance. After certain holding time at 833 K subcritical treatment, the grainy （Fe, Cr）23C6 carbide precipitated and the fresh martensite transformed at the holding stage for 3Cr15Mo1V1.5 white iron improve the bulk hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloy. Prolonging holding time, MoC and （Cr, V）2C precipitations cause the secondary hardening peak and the corresponding better abrasion resistance. Finally, granular （Fe, Cr）23C6 carbide in situ transforms into laminar M3C carbide and the matrix structure transforms into pearlitic matrix. These changes weaken hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloy sharply.     

Microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy

The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy was investigated. The treated specimens were characterized by metallography, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） to explain the mechanism of shape memory effect in Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy. The results reveal that the shape memory effect is markedly increased by appropriate quenching and ageing process. XRD shows that γ phase precipitates from martensite when aged at higher temperature and γ precipitates impair the shape memory effect. TEM analysis indicate that the substructure of plate-like martensite consists of twins and stacking faults.     

Study on M／A islands in pipeline steel X70

The free structure of M/A islands in pipeline steel X70 has been studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is shown that the M/A islands are about 1-2 μm in size and distribute at the grain boundary of irregular massive ferrite or acicular ferrite in the microstructure of the steel undergoing TMCP (thermo-mechanical controlled processing). The analysis of diffraction contrast shows that the M/A islands consist of retained austenite and some martensite lamellae different in size and orientation. The microtwinning and midrib exist in the lamella of lenticular martensite, which exhibit the typical character of high-carbon martensite. The influences of TMCP parameters on M/A islands have been studied carefully. With the increase of the cooling speed, the amount of M/A islands decrease slightly and the morphology of M/A islands changes to thin dispersive short bars from thick irregular long strips.     

Interface conjunction factors of thermal barrier coatings and the relationship between factors and composition

1 Structure and composition of thermal barrier coatings The thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), having superior properties of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistances and low heat conductivity, are mainly used in the aeronautic turbines with large thrust force-weight ratio. In TBCs ceramics is covered on the metal matrix in the form of coatings to withstand high service temperature [1]. Today most of the TBCs have the dou-ble-layer- structure of alloy matrix + the bonding laye…     

马氏体不锈钢等离子堆焊铁基合金组织及磨损性能

为了研究马氏体不锈钢的表面性能,采用等离子堆焊技术在Z5CND16-04不锈钢表面制备铁基合金堆焊层.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及销盘磨损实验机等检测设备,对堆焊层的组织结构、成分、硬度和磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,铁基合金堆焊层主要由α-Fe、(Fe,Cr,Mo)7C3和(Fe,Cr,Mo)23C6相组成,添加稀土元素后相组成无明显变化.铁基合金堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性均明显高于马氏体不锈钢基材.添加适量的CeO2后,明显细化了堆焊层的显微组织.     

Alter martensitic phase transformation kinetics by forming Ni-rich nanolayer in metastable austenitic steels

A 5 nm Ni-rich nanolayer has been introduced along nanoscale martensite/austenite phase boundaries(PBs) by one-step lowtemperature annealing treatment of cold-rolled meta-stable austenitic steels. Control experiments reveal that the martensitic phase transformation kinetics can be significantly altered by presence of the nanolayers. The growth of pre-existed martensites is substantially suppressed while the martensite nucleation in austenites is less affected, as revealed by a statistical investigation on the martensite size distribution under different tensile strains. Enhanced strength and excellent ductility have been achieved simultaneously in the annealed samples, demonstrating that PBs can be effectively engineered to achieve optimized mechanical properties.     

Superparamagnetism in Zn Substituted Copper-gallate Ferrite

Solid solution of spinel ferrite Cu1-xZnxFe2-yGayO4 with (0.0≤x≤0.5 and y=0.1) are synthesized. XRD measurements confirm the presence of single-phase tetragonal structure with c/a>1 for CuFe2O4 and samples with (x=0.0 and 0.1). The tetragonal phase is attributed to the presence of the cooperative Jahn-Teller Cu ions in the octahedral B-site in the spinel lattice. Tetragonal-to-cubic transformation is occurred at the compositional parameter x≥0.2 and the lattice parameter a is found to decrease with increasing Zn content x. 57Fe M(o)ssbauer measurements at 293K for these compounds reveal superparamagnetic phase for samples with (0.0≤x≤0.2). In contrast, M(o)ssbauer spectra at 12K for these materials show well ordered spectra where, the cation distribution and the hyperfine parameters are determined.     

Alloying elements characterization in a Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-1Nd titanium alloy by carbon addition

The effects of carbon addition (0.01wt%-0.43wt%) on a Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-1Nd (wt%) alloy with a bimodal microstructure were investigated. Electron probe microanalysis was carried out to examine the partitioning behavior of carbon and the relation of carbon content to the distributions of Al and Mo in the primary α phase (αp) and β transformed structure (β). It was found that interstitial carbon is enriched in the αp phase and its content slightly reduces with the increase of the volume fraction of αp.The measurements of carbon content in the present alloy with an αp of 15vo1% showed that the carbon content in the αp phase increases with the increment of carbon addition until a maximum but keeps almost constant in the β phase. The addition of carbon reduces the solubility of Al and Mo in the αp phase and leads to the increment of Mo partitioning to the β phase. When the carbon content is over 0.17wt% (0.67at%), carbide precipitation occurs in the matrix and its volume fraction is related to the volume fraction of αp which can be explained in term of the difference of carbon solubility in the αp and β phases.     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Nano-composites

Al2O3/Fe2O3 nano-composites were prepared by sol-gel route. The effect of Fe2O3content on the structure, grain size and characterization of the composite were investigated through X-ray diffraction and Mssbauer spectrum. The X-ray diffraction results show that Al2O3/Fe2O3 nano-composites with the Fe2O3content of 40 wt% can be obtained after heat-treated at 900 ℃. The Mssbauer effect results show that all samples exhibit clear super-paramagnetic phenomenon. Particles grow and defects reduce with the increasing of Fe2O3content and some α-Fe2O3stay magnetic order.     

制备方法对Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20合金显微组织和相变行为的影响

采用常规铸造和快速凝固两种合金制备方法,分别制备出化学成分为Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20的合金体材料和合金薄带,利用XRD(X射线衍射仪)、TEM(透射电子显微镜)、DSC(差示扫描量热仪)等手段研究这两种制备方法对Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20合金的马氏体相变行为和显微组织方面的影响。实验结果表明,经500℃退火1h处理后,Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20合金薄带中出现大量B19马氏体和少量Ti2Ni析出相,而固溶后的Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20合金体材料只存在B19马氏体,同时相比于体材料,薄带的B19马氏体衍射峰强度减小及B19晶格常数a、b增大,而c减小;Ti50.2Ni29.8Cu20合金薄带的马氏体相变温度Ms比体材料的马氏体相变温度Ms低,且薄带的热滞△T也比体材料小。     

Microstructure and Hydrogen Absorption/Desorption Behavior of Mg_(23-x)La_xNi_(10) Alloy

Induction melting was used as a routine method to synthesize Mg_(23)Ni_(10), Mg_(22)LaNi_(10) and Mg_(21)La_2Ni_(10) alloys, and followed by a detailed microstructural characterization which included X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM) and hydrogen absorption/desorption measurements. XRD analysis results showed that Mg_2Ni and Mg phases were detected in the XRD pattern of the Mg_(23)Ni_(10) alloy, however, the La addition results in conversion from Mg to LaMg_3 and La_2Mg_(17) phases and appearance of crystal defects included dislocations, twin grain boundary and vacancy in the Mg_(22)LaNi_(10) and Mg_(21)La_2Ni_(10) alloy textures. The total maximum hydrogen absorption capacity was 4.45 wt% for the Mg_(23)Ni_(10) alloy, however, the Mg_(22)LaNi_(10) and Mg_(21)La_2Ni_(10) alloys with vacancy, dislocations and twin grain boundary, absorbed 3.66 wt% and 3.60 wt%, respectively, indicating that the La addition led to decreasing of the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity. Besides, hydrogen absorption/desorption of 90% of saturated state expended for about 456 and 990 s for pristine Mg_(23)Ni_(10) alloy, by contrast, the time decreased owing to improvement of hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics in the alloy with La element, with which the uptake time for hydrogen content to 90% of saturated state was 150 and 78 s, and 90% hydrogen can be released in 930 and 804 s for Mg_(22)LaNi_(10) and Mg_(21)La_2Ni_(10) alloys in the experimental condition.     

热轧双相钢线材及其应用的研究

本文研究了热轧 F+(M+B)双相钢线材的生产及其在高强钢丝上的应用.指出在双相钢线材拉拔过程中存在于 F 晶界及尺寸较小的岛状第二相协调 F 变形.而尺寸较大的块状 M 则通过切变破裂直至破碎.这种变形机制使 F+(M+B)双相钢线材不经任何热处理,就具有总面缩率为97.6%的深加工性能,强度可达1800MPa 以上.本文还对双相钢钢丝的应用进行了研究取得了较好的效果.     

CuZnAl（Mn）合金双程记忆性能的衰减特性

本文探讨了CuZnAl,CuZnAlMn合金的弹簧试样在相变热循环过程中双程记忆性能的变化规律,表明引起铜基形状记忆合金双程记忆性能衰减的主要因素是由于位错增殖;在有外加应力条件下热循环时,还要考虑应力诱发马氏体对记忆性能的贡献。少量Mn的加入使CuZnAl合金在热循环过程中位错增殖加速,同时使应力诱发马氏体容易产生,结果导致在有外加应力条件下热循环时Mn能缓和记忆性能的衰减。     

TiNi和TiNiCu记忆合金薄膜的温度记忆效应研究

在形状记忆合金的相变过程中,如果温度升至TS后停止升温,并降温至马氏体相变结束温度Mf以下,则在下一次完全相变循环中出现动力学停顿,而这一动力学停止温度点与上次的停止温度密切相关,这一现象被称为温度记忆效应。该文通过示差扫描量热法对TiNi和TiNiCu合金薄膜进行一次或连续几次不完全相变,系统地研究了温度记忆效应。结果表明,不仅温度记忆效应是形状记忆合金固有现象,而且温度记忆效应与马氏体变体间的弹性能及母相和马氏体相之间的共格应变密切相关。     

Effect of electropolishing on electrochemical behaviours of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

The electrochemical behaviours of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al after electropolishing in a self-developed electrolyte in comparison with conventional grinding were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Optical microscopy (OM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the surface characteristics of the alloy.It was found from the EIS experiments that the polarization resistance (Rp) was increased,the double layer capacitance (Qc) was decreased and the electrochemical impedance of the alloy was enhanced by electropolishing.The electropolished surface was flat,smooth and bright and its roughness was 3.310 nm.To underline the advantage of electropolishing process against grinding to provide the anodic oxidation process with a higher quality substrate,the ground and electropolished titanium alloys were anodized in parallel under the same conditions.The corrosion behaviours of the two kinds of anodized titanium alloys were compared.It was revealed that electropolishing generated a high quality substrate and improved the corrosion resistance of anodic oxide film formed on titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al.Furthermore,the mechanism of electropolishing improving the corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film was proposed.