Novel ion-assisted antireflection coatings for lithium niobate devices

A technique for producing single-layer antireflection coatings on lithium niobate is described, based on ion-assisted deposition of magnesium fluoride and silicon dioxide. Measurements show a lowest device reflectivity of -42 dB, at 1.55 mu m, using a silicon dioxide coating.<>     

Effect of ambient water vapour on stability of lithium niobate electro-optic waveguide devices

A study of the effect of ambient water vapour on the stability of LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide devices is reported. It is shown using both a conventional stability measurement technique and a novel voltage-stressing technique that the presence of water vapour degrades considerably the stability of these devices.     

Voltage-induced optical waveguide modulator in lithium niobate

A type of optical modulator first proposed by D.J. Channin (1971) in which an optical waveguide is induced in an electrooptic substrate by applying voltage between two parallel coplanar electrodes is reinvestigated. It is found that such devices will work for voltages much smaller than those used by Channin. The devices are fabricated with much smaller gaps between the electrodes and have an optical buffer layer to isolate the optical field from the electrodes. The theory of operation is developed and the device is modeled mathematically. The theory predicts that the optical field distributions of the modes of these devices become more highly confined with increasing voltage     

Optical waveguide fabrication in neodymium-doped lithium niobate

Reports the realisation of high-quality, proton-exchanged optical waveguide structures in neodymium-doped lithium niobate. Measurements indicate that the presence of the neodymium does not alter the proton exchange rate, and the presence of the protons does not affect the emission and absorption spectra of the bulk material significantly. Such waveguides will permit the realisation of highly efficient semiconductor laser pumped amplifiers and laser structures integrated with electro-optic and/or acousto-optic elements     

Photonic devices based on thin-film lithium niobate on insulator

Lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI)is rising as one of the most promising platforms for integrated photonics due to the high-index-contrast and excellent material properties of lithium niobate,such as wideband transparency from visible to mid-infrared,large electro-optic,piezoelectric,and second-order harmonic coefficients.The fast-developing micro-and nanostructuring techniques on LNOI have enabled various structure,devices,systems,and applications.In this contribution,we review the latest developments in this platform,including ultra-high speed electro-optic modulators,optical frequency combs,opto-electro-mechanical system on chip,second-harmonic generation in periodically poled LN waveguides,and efficient edge coupling for LNOI.     

铌酸锂量子器件研究进展

量子信息科技的进步, 在很大程度上依赖于传统材料的成熟与发展。近年来, 铌酸锂成为量子器件的重要基础材料, 在量子科技领域具有巨大的应用潜力。梳理了基于铌酸锂材料制备的量子光源、量子中继器件、单光子探测器件等各类铌酸锂量子器件的技术进展, 总结了它们的优缺点并展望了其未来主要的发展趋势, 对基于铌酸锂材料制备的量子器件在量子信息科技的实用化具有很好的指导作用。     

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction from lithium niobate single-crystal surfaces for application in molecular beam epitaxy

A modified RHEED system has been constructed to study nonconductive crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO3) using electron energies up to 50 keV. The problems encountered are discussed and preliminary results presented. We outline the potential use of the technique in the routine analysis of insulating substrates prior to the deposition of epitaxial layers by MBE, and in the examination of the deposited layers.     

Optical sampling system using periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide and nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked fiber laser

A novel design of optical sampling system has been developed by using sum-frequency generation (SFG) in a periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide and using passive mode-locked fiber laser p...     

Growth of thin-film lithium niobate by molecular beam epitaxy

Lithium niobate has been grown in single-crystal thin-film form by molecular beam epitaxy. Single-crystal films were grown on bulk-crystal LiNbO3 and on sapphire (?-Al2O3). The layers have been excited as optical waveguides, and the refractive indices and optical propagation loss were measured.     

Nanostructure fabrication using electron beam and its applicationto nanometer devices

Nanofabrication developed by using electron beam (EB) are described. Ten-nm structures of organic positive and negative resist patterns have been achieved by using a commercially available EB lithography system with energy of 30-50 keV. The self-developing properties of an AlF₃-doped LiF inorganic resist have been studied for sub-10-nm lithography. By optimizing the inorganic resist film quality, 5-nm linewidth patterns with 60-nm periodicity were directly delineated under a 30-keV EB. Moreover, EB-induced deposition is described as an interesting method for nanofabrication. An novel approach for nanolithography using de Broglie wave has been developed. Line and dot patterns with 100-nm periodicity were exposed on a PMMA resist by EB holography with a thermal field-emitter gun and an electron biprism. This technique allows us to produce nanoscale periodic patterns simultaneously. Furthermore, the possibility of nanostructure fabrication by atomic-beam holography has been demonstrated by using a laser-trap technique and a computer-generated hologram made by EB lithography. As applications of EB nanolithography to nanodevices, a 40-nm-gate NMOS Si device and a high-temperature-operation single-electron transistor (SET) are described     

铌酸锂薄膜波导上二次谐波产生中的色散分析

基于绝缘体上铌酸锂平台,设计了周期极化的铌酸锂薄膜波导结构,利用铌酸锂良好的非线性性质并结合灵活的相位匹配方案,分析了结构色散对极化周期的影响。此外,借助波导模式有效折射率随温度变化的不同,通过改变材料温度,有效扩展了频率转换的带宽,实现了1.5～1.6μm范围内的倍频,最终获得562%的归一化转换效率,为芯片光子学参量转换的进一步研究提供了理论基础。     

Second-harmonic generation of green light in periodically poled planar lithium niobate waveguide

A periodically poled, planar waveguide in lithium niobate was used to generate 532 nm radiation at room temperature by continuous-wave frequency-doubling with a conversion efficiency of 5% per W cm/sup 2/. Quasi-phase-matching allowed generation of the second harmonic using the d/sub 33/ nonlinear coefficient.<>     

Study of form birefringence in waveguide devices using the semivectorial beam propagation method

Waveguide devices based on nonbirefringent substrates may still have form birefringence if index discontinuities exist. It is demonstrated that the semivectorial beam propagation method can be used to study the polarization dependence in waveguide devices. It is shown that the calculated coupling lengths of planar directional couplers match within 3.5% of analytical solutions. Results on polarization dependencies of coupling lengths and bending losses of rib waveguide devices are presented. Results of rib waveguide directional couplers indicate that the form birefringence can be significant. Losses of S-shaped bends are weakly polarization dependent in the low-loss regime.<>     

Antireflection coatings on semiconductor laser facets using sputtered lead silicate glass

RF-sputtered lead silicate [PbO(54 m/o)-SiO2(46 m/o)] films were used to antireflection coat InGaAsP laser facets. Modal reflectivities of1-3 times 10^{-4}were obtained.     

太赫兹带状注器件

带状注是指束流截面近似为矩形或椭圆形的电子注,且具有大的宽高比。相对于传统的圆形注,带状注具有很多优点,例如大电流和大互作用面积等。由于太赫兹波具有高频率、宽频带、高传输速率等优点,因此太赫兹科学与技术近年来发展迅速。作为一种新型的真空电子器件,太赫兹带状注器件在高功率、高增益、高效率及小型化方面具有良好的技术优势。但是,带状注在传输过程中易出现Diocotron不稳定性,难以保持长距离稳定的聚焦传输,从而导致带状注的技术优势难以发挥。本文综述了带状注的产生成形方式和聚焦传输方法,以及太赫兹带状注器件的研究进展,同时讨论了它所面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poledlithium niobate waveguide

A new kind of correlated photon-pair source based on a waveguide integrated on a periodically poled lithium niobate substrate is reported. Using a pump laser of a few μW at 657 nm, photon-pairs are generated/degenerated at 1314 nm. Detecting ~1500 coincidences per second, a conversion rate of 10^-6 pairs per pump photon can be inferred, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with previous bulk sources. These results are very promising for the realisation of sources for quantum communication and quantum metrology experiments requiring a high signal-to-noise ratio or working with more than one photon-pair at a time     

Integrated polarisation beam splitter using waveguide birefringencedependence on waveguide core width

A novel integrated polarisation beam splitter on a silica-based planar lightwave circuit that utilises the waveguide birefringence dependence on waveguide core width is proposed. It was successfully confirmed that the fabricated splitter has a polarisation extinction ratio of >21 dB over a wide wavelength range of 1530 to 1620 nm     

Electrical properties of MIS capacitor using low temperature electron beam gun—evaporated HfAlO dielectrics

A low effective oxide thickness of 1.45 nm was achieved in HfAlO films deposited by an electron beam gun evaporator on unheated p-Si substrate. A reduction of the leakage current density from 1 × 10⁻⁴ to 4.5 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm², at an electric field 3 MV/cm, with annealing temperature and a breakdown electric field of 10 MV/cm were demonstrated for ultra thin films.     

真空退火的CdTe/Au掺杂HgCdTe界面状态的影响

对使用CdTe覆盖的HgCdTe材料在不同温度下进行了一系列的退火实验.研究发现,退火可以改善电子束蒸发CdTe的晶体状态,使CdTe和HgCdTe之间的界面状态得到改善.Au掺杂HgCdTe覆盖CdTe后,真空条件下退火,240℃和300℃对Au掺杂的浓度分布改变不大,Au掺杂的浓度几乎不变.但是,温度的不同会对汞空位的浓度产生显著的影响,因此退火温度不同会使载流子浓度明显不同.退火温度从240℃升高至300℃后,霍尔测试得到的载流子浓度从2×10~(16)cm~(-3)左右升高至5.5×1016cm~(-3)左右.     

Blue light generated by frequency doubling of laser diode light ina lithium niobate channel waveguide

Blue light was generated in a LiNbO₃ channel waveguide by frequency doubling radiation from a laser diode in a guided to guided wave interaction, utilizing first-order quasi-phase-matching in a periodically domain inverted structure. A fabrication method that does not depend on the use of titanium was used. A periodic pattern of silicon oxide on the positive c-face of LiNbO₃ was used in combination with a heat treatment to achieve a periodic outdiffusion and domain reversal in the surface layer. A channel guide was subsequently formed by proton exchange