IQ level and performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Older Children.

121 9–14 yr olds were divided into 4 groups based on their WISC-R Full Scale IQ score: (a) 70–79, (b) 80–89, (c) 90–99, and (d) >100. Performance of these 4 groups was compared on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Children (HRNTBC) using a multiple-levels-of-inference framework: (a) level of performance, (b) pattern of performance, and (c) right–left hand differences. Results indicate a significant influence of IQ on level of performance for 6 of 14 test measures. Tests of problem-solving abilities, language skills and auditory perceptual analysis were most affected, whereas little influence was observed for tests of basic and simple motor functions. Right–left hand differences were also unaffected by IQ level. Results call attention to the importance of considering IQ level in the interpretation of performance on the HRNTBC. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Order effects on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and allied procedures.

Four different orders of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery and the WAIS were administered to 167 adults who had a variety of suspected or confirmed neurological disorders. Of the 17 measures utilized, only tapping with the dominant hand showed evidence of being affected by the order in which the task was administered. Data suggest that a more accurate assessment of motor abilities may be obtained by presenting the tapping task early in a testing session. The differences observed on the tapping task did not result in a significant difference in the number of Ss in each order group whose Halstead Impairment Index score was in the impaired range, which indicates that the difference would be unlikely to lead to errors in clinical judgment in regard to an assessment of an overall neuropsychological status. Results indicate that order of task presentation had little effect on performance in either impaired or unimpaired clinical populations. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery to the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Compared the major 14 scores of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery with the 14 summary scale scores of the Luria-Nebraska battery to investigate whether the batteries could predict one another and their effectiveness in a sample of 48 brain-damaged and 60 normal patients (mean age of all Ss 39 yrs). Discriminant analysis found both batteries equally effective in identifying brain damage, with hit rates of over 85%. A high degree of relationship between the Luria-Nebraska scale scores and the selected 14 scores of the Halstead-Reitan was found. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A cross-validation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

30 brain-damaged males with evidence of unilateral left-hemisphere (mean age 58 yrs), unilateral right-hemisphere (mean age 57 yrs), or bilateral-diffuse brain lesions (mean age 41 yrs), as well as 10 normal control Ss (mean age 54 yrs), were administered the standardized Luria-Nebraska test battery. Data demonstrate that the battery was effective in discriminating brain-damaged from normal control Ss. However, it was relatively ineffective in distinguishing the laterality of brain damage. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neuropsychological test performance and the attention deficit disorders: Clinical utility of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery—Children's Revision.

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery—Children"s Revision (LNNB—CR) was administered to 54 clinic-referred children aged 8–12 years. Children reliably diagnosed as attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity were compared with children diagnosed as attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity and with a clinic control group diagnosed with internalizing disorders. Both attention deficit disorder groups were lower than the control group in verbal and Full Scale IQ scores but did not differ from one another. The groups did not differ significantly on any of the LNNB—CR clinical scales, on the right or left hemisphere scores, or on the pathognomonic score using analyses of variance (ANOVA) or analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) with both Full Scale IQ and age as covariates. These findings failed to support the hypothesis that attention deficit disorder, either with or without hyperactivity, is associated with neuropsychological dysfunction as measured by the LNNB—CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revision of the Halstead Category Test.

The full Category Test of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery appears to be too lengthy. A method of abbreviating this test that utilized an understanding of its characteristics was implemented. This revision shortened the scales and reorganized Subtests 5 and 6 into two new scales using separate principles. A comparison of this revised Category test with the full Category Test demonstrated it to be as accurate as the full test in predicting the presence or absence of brain damage in our subjects. The functions being measured were also more clearly discerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A card form of the Reitan-Modified Halstead Category Test.

A card form of the Halstead-Reitan Category Test was devised. Comparisons of mean total error scores and subset scores obtained from 2 groups of neurologically referred Ss showed no significant differences between the card and standard slide projection formats. Also, retest reliability assessed by presenting the 2 formats in counterbalanced order indicated similar high orders of reliability. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery controversy: A reply to Spiers.

Challenges the contention of P. A. Spiers (see record 1981-24833-001) that the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery is flawed by difficulties in item content and selection, subscale composition, administration and scoring problems, and reliability and validity insufficiencies. It is suggested that the contention was based on errors in fact and reasoning, although the present author recognizes valid criticisms in Spiers's examination of the memory scale, color perception, and the training of the examiner. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validity of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

D. Delis and E. Kaplan (see record 1983-24742-001) criticized the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery for not meeting some assumptions of content validity and, by inference, construct validity. Delis and Kaplan also criticized C. J. Golden for advocating improper use of the test battery as a substitute for clinical training and knowledge. The present authors evaluate the major points of Delis and Kaplan, indicating which are cogent to the battery and which are based on misunderstandings of the manner in which the battery should be used. The theoretical structure of the scales of the battery is briefly described, as are approaches to interpretation. Studies indicating that the battery has validity as a neuropsychological test and the requirements needed for accurate application of the battery are examined. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A discriminant analysis of organizational performance variables.

Divided 98 groups participating in a gaming simulation (each group representing a company) into quartiles on the basis of their return on investment. A discriminant function analysis was utilized to test the following hypotheses: (a) that return on investment would divide the companies into the same quartiles as 12 other performance variables used in evaluating the groups and (b) that the most significant of the 12 performance variables identified by the discriminant function in Hypothesis 1 would remain constant over time. The 1st hypothesis was supported but the 2nd was not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of the Halstead Category Test and the revised Category Test: Comment on Russell and Levy.

Russell and Levy recently published an article describing a new shortened version of the Halstead Category Test. They compared their revised Category Test (RCAT) with the Category Test (CAT) and reported it to be highly correlated with and as accurate as the CAT in predicting the presence or absence of brain damage. However, they substantially modified the CAT and claimed the two versions to be comparable without having administered the RCAT to a single person. This comment critiques their revision from a theoretical perspective and additionally questions the methodology reported by the authors to establish the RCAT's validity. We conclude that the Russell and Levy modifications of the CAT make the RCAT a new, different, and as yet unvalidated instrument. Suggestions are offered for future research in the area of modifying the CAT or its scoring system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in aphasia: A conceptual critique.

States that the Luria-Nebraska battery fails to distinguish between disturbances of language and other deficits, and fails to differentiate some types of language problems. Other difficulties, which apply to nonaphasic as well as aphasic populations, complicate the task of interpreting test data when an aphasic disturbance is present. (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determining statistically reliable strengths and weaknesses in the performance of single individuals on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Reports difference scores necessary at 3 probability levels for determining the reliability of score differences for a single individual on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Certain other statistics useful in interpreting the Luria-Nebraska are also presented. The general model of ipsative test score interpretation is discussed. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Theoretical orientation and comment.

Since the introduction of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB), issues related to its understanding, interpretation, and validity have generated much interest. In response to P. A. Spiers's (see record 1981-24833-001) criticism of the battery, the authors suggest that the controversy appears to arise from a divergence in theoretical orientation on the role of quantitative versus qualitative assessment as well as from differences in the understanding of measurement methodology and validity. The present article discusses the theoretical basis from which the LNNB was constructed and describes the process of test interpretation. Previous and current research on use and validity of the battery is presented as it relates to the theoretical and methodological concerns. While basic philosophical differences with other theoretical systems are not likely to be resolved, the authors of the LNNB will continue to emphasize the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, both in the use of the LNNB and in the field of neuropsychology in general. It is concluded that the LNNB will continue to be revised on the basis of research findings and experience with the test in different patient populations. (35 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnostic validity of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery.

Conducted a validity study of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery which compared it with the more popular physical diagnostic techniques. Ss were 89 patients about whom empirical findings could be used as criteria for physical and neuropsychological measures. Results indicate that the neuropsychological procedure, considered as a screening device, surpassed all physical measures in all neuropathological categories. Use of physical measures in a negative sense to exclude possible neuropathological statements may provide spuriously low hit rates. Validity coefficients for the Battery in terms of lateralization and identification of process for different process classifications are presented. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The assessment of aphasia with the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: A case critique.

A 60-yr-old male patient with a left posterior temporal lesion, who was nonhemiparetic and who displayed mild "fluent aphasic" deficits, was given the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. The S's quantitative scores on the Expressive Speech, Receptive Speech, and Motor scales of the battery were not consonant with his presenting symptoms and the location of his lesion. An analysis of the S's responses on individual items on these scales illustrates fundamental problems inherent in the construction of the battery. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of demographic variables to predict overall level of performance on the Halstead-Reitan Battery.

Developed and cross-validated an equation that uses demographic variables (sex, age, education, race, occupational categories) to predict average level of performance on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery by using a sample of 491 15–81 yr old neurologically normal Ss (mean WAIS IQ 112.8). Regression analysis predicted 65% of the variance in the Average Impairment Rating (59% in cross-validation). It is concluded that demographic variables are useful in providing a context for evaluation of cognitive functioning in Ss with known or suspected brain disorders. (3 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Test–retest reliability of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in stable, chronically impaired patients.

27 patients (mean age 35.3 yrs) with evidence of long-standing organic brain disorders who scored in the moderately impaired range on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery on an initial testing were retested after 10–469 days. Test–retest correlations ranged from .77 to .96, averaging .88 over the 14 Luria scales; all correlations were significant at the .001 level. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correlation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery with the WAIS.

In a sample of 280 psychiatric, neurological, and normal Ss (mean age 35.7 yrs), Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery Verbal IQ correlated—.84, Performance IQ—.74, and Full Scale IQ—.84 with the WAIS, results very similar to those of A. Prifitera and J. J. Ryan (1981). Correlations between individual Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery scales and WAIS subtests are reported and their implications discussed. Present findings indicate that the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery can provide useful estimates of summary WAIS IQ scores. (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)