深空接收机关键技术分析

通过对JPL、ESA等深空接收机技术进行研究,并结合当前国内信号处理技术发展状况,分析了深空接收机的诸多关键技术,从信号处理角度讨论了提高接收灵敏度的方法和适用技术,以解决深空微弱信号的捕获、跟踪和解调.着重介绍了微弱信号频率捕获、超窄带锁相环、边带辅助残留载波环、环路加窗技术、加权IDF、SSME信噪比估计技术、变环路带宽与变窗口技术等关键技术,对我国自主设备研制具有一定的参考价值.     

双频GPS接收机的动态辅助L2P(Y)跟踪

双频接收机中对L2P(Y)信号的跟踪可以使用半无码方法.但由于半无码方法本身具有平方损耗,因此实际获得的L2P(Y)信号载噪比很低,对L2P(Y)信号跟踪环路的性能提出了更高的要求.文中提出了一种利用接收机动态辅助L2P(Y)码跟踪的方法,给出了环路的设计细节,并详细地讨论了影响环路性能的各个因素.通过计算机仿真,比较了动态辅助环路和未辅助环路的性能.仿真结果表明,使用动态辅助的L2P(Y)信号跟踪环路可以在更低的载噪比下进行有效跟踪.     

Small signal analysis of the LCC-type parallel resonant converterusing discrete time domain modeling

Discrete state-space modeling of the LCC-type parallel resonant power converter is presented. Using these large signal equations, small signal modeling of the power converter is obtained. Multiple loops have been used for the closed loop operation. State variable feedback control has been integrated with the linear small signal state-space model and the associated control aspects are studied. The small signal state-space model has been used to study the small signal behavior of the power converter for open loop and closed loop operation for parameters like control to output transfer function, audio-susceptibility and output impedance. Key theoretical results have been experimentally verified     

An analog drive loop for a capacitive MEMS gyroscope

The linear model and the design of an analog drive loop for the drive (primary) resonator in a capacitive gyroscope are presented. Four different types of gain control topologies are compared and analyzed with both P- and PI-type controllers. The simple model proposed in the paper allows the small signal properties of the loop to be predicted. The theoretical models based on the small signal analysis are compared to the simulated and measured results. A proportional amplitude controller, together with the rest of the drive loop, is implemented using a high-voltage 0.35-μm CMOS technology and a nominal supply of 3 V. Clock generation using a PLL and the drive loop signal as the reference are also discussed in the paper.     

牵引式欺骗对矢量跟踪环路的影响

牵引式欺骗能够在不引起跟踪环路失锁的条件下诱使接收机跟踪欺骗信号,是一种隐蔽性很高的欺骗干扰方式。对于标量接收机,由于其跟踪环路相互独立,因此针对单个信号进行牵引式欺骗时,不会受其他信号的影响。而矢量接收机的跟踪环路通过接收机状态耦合,存在相互影响,即牵引式欺骗对矢量和标量跟踪环路的影响存在差异。本文基于无噪声且欺骗信号与真实信号载波频率和载波相位相等的假设条件,分析牵引式欺骗对矢量跟踪环路的影响,推导出欺骗成功条件,并利用信号源模拟器和软件接收机对分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明,对矢量跟踪环路成功实施牵引式欺骗的条件较标量跟踪环路更为严苛,反映出矢量跟踪环路固有的抗欺骗干扰能力。     

The behavior of a Costas loop in the presence of space telemetrysignals

When the Costas loop is operated in the presence of a residual carrier space telemetry signal, the loop reconstructs its carrier reference from an input signal whose carrier component is not completely suppressed. The telemetry signal investigated in this work is generated by phase shift-keying the data onto a subcarrier and then phase modulating onto the sinusoidal carrier. The telemetry modulation index, telemetry bit rate, subcarrier waveform, and subcarrier frequency are shown to be the key system parameters that contribute to the performance degradation of a Costas loop. Furthermore, the effect of Doppler shift on the loop is also investigated in this work     

转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机载波环的影响研究

本文研究了转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机载波跟踪环的影响。推导出在存在转发欺骗条件下卫星导航接收机载波跟踪环输出的相位误差公式，分析了不同强度的转发欺骗干扰对卫星导航接收机跟踪环路的作用，得出了使卫星导航接收机跟踪环路失锁转发欺骗干扰所需的最小功率强度。通过试验验证了本文分析结论的正确性。     

A method of obtaining signal components and their power content ofa residual carrier signal

A novel algorithm for obtaining all signal components of a residual carrier signal with any number of channels is presented. The phase modulation type may be NRZ-L or split phase (Manchester). The algorithm also provides an easy way of obtaining the power contents of the signal components. Steps for recognizing the signal components that influence the carrier tracking loop and the data tracking loop at the receiver are given     

基于FPGA的硅谐振压力微传感器数字闭环系统设计

在微小型特别是硅谐振微传感器中,低信噪比的微弱信号检测,电路的小型化和抗干扰等问题十分突出。介绍了硅谐振压力微传感器闭环系统的基本工作原理,在成功研制出模拟闭环系统的基础上,为了克服模拟系统的不足,依据相关检测原理和频率扫描技术提出了基于FPGA的闭环系统设计框架,详细分析了该系统中的微弱信号检测技术和数字电路部分数字信号处理及接口技术,最后结合实际数据和开环测试曲线,指出可用的扫频方法。     

Effects of CW interference on phase-locked loop performance

This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of phase-locked loops in the presence of continuous wave (CW) interference such that the operating vulnerability to CW jamming and interference can be accessed. The loop phase error is characterized, and the conditions under which the loop remains locked in frequency to the desired carrier are presented. Analysis is conducted for arbitrary offsets of carrier and interferer signal frequencies relative to the quiescent voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) frequency. The results show that loop performance depends not only on the frequency difference between the desired signal and interferer, but also on the frequency offset between the quiescent VCO oscillation and desired carrier. The vulnerability of the loop to the presence of interference increases if interferer and desired signal spectral locations are in opposite sides of quiescent VCO frequency     

快速建立时间的自适应锁相环

该文简要讨论了环路性能(建立时间,相位噪声和杂散信号)和环路参数(带宽,相位裕度等)的相互关系。提出并分析了一种自适应的具有快速建立时间的锁相环结构及其关键模块(鉴相鉴频器和电荷泵)。该结构基于两个环路:粗调谐环路和精调谐环路。粗调谐环路用于快速收敛,而精调谐环路用于精细的调整。环路参数调整连续发生,无需切换环路滤波器元件和外面的控制信号。基于SMIC 0.18m 1.8V CMOS工艺的Spectre仿真表明:粗调谐鉴相鉴频器能够有效地关断粗调谐回路;电荷泵上下电流具有小于0.1%的静态失配特性;在相同的环路带宽下与传统的锁相环相比,自适应锁相环能减少超过30%的建立时间。     

双音频率合成器的设计与实现

研究了一种输出双音信号、低相位噪声、低杂散的频率合成方法.该方法首先利用锁相环路分别产生两路信号,并通过优化设计环路滤波器改善输出信号相位噪声,进而利用设计的Wilkinson功率合成器将两路信号进行功率合成,并通过衰减和放大来控制双音信号功率.基于本方法研制实现的输出双音频率为2 015和2 020 MHz的频率合成器,输出功率范围-12～18 dBm,且连续可调,输出信号相位噪声优于-93 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,在输出功率4 dBm以下时,双音互调成分低于-50 dBc,可用于各种测试系统频率源,尤其便于对非线性系统的测试.     

高动态GPS接收机跟踪环路设计与实现

为了解决高动态环境下GPS信号跟踪问题,讨论了跟踪环路类型和参数的选择策略,给出了一组适合高动态应用的环路参数,分析了基于开环频率估计和2阶FLL(Frequency Lock Loop)辅助3阶PLL(Phase Lock Loop)的高动态环境下快速的捕获转跟踪方法,给出了在由FPGA和DSP组成的硬件平台上的具体实现,利用GPS信号模拟器对所设计的跟踪环路的动态性能进行了验证。测试结果表明所设计的高动态跟踪环路能够承受60g视距动态应力。     

压缩域直扩测控通信信号载波同步技术

为解决压缩感知理论在直扩测控通信应用过程中面临的压缩域信号载波同步问题,针对重构算法复杂度偏高、计算资源消耗过大与系统实时性要求之间的矛盾,提出了一种改进的压缩域Costas环技术,该环路不再需要进行信号重构,可以直接从压缩域信号中提取频率和相位信息。首先通过压缩域信号估计理论分析,给出了压缩域直扩测控通信信号处理框架,并提出了改进的压缩域Costas环路;然后对环路模型及其跟踪精度进行了理论分析;最后通过计算机仿真验证了该环路技术有效性。理论分析和仿真实验表明环路能够在压缩域中实现高动态信号的高精度载波跟踪和解调处理。压缩域Costas环技术可应用在基于压缩感知的宽带扩频测控通信系统、认知无线电等相关领域,具有一定工程应用价值。     

QPSK扩频调制信号载波跟踪环路设计

扩频接收基带通常需要载波跟踪环来完成本地载波与接收信号载波的同步,科斯塔斯环是常用的非相干载波相位跟踪环,具有较好的鉴相特性。本文基于常规的单路单载波解调的科斯塔斯环原理,对科斯塔斯环做了改进,提出了对双通道平衡QPSK扩频基带所用载波跟踪环科斯塔斯环的改进方法,并推导出环路误差鉴相信号,用Matlab进行了仿真实验,结果证明利用本环路可实现载波稳定跟踪。     

基于SOA光纤环镜的NRZ信号时钟分量的提取

采用SOA(sem iconductor optical am plifier)光纤环镜将2 .5 Gbit/ s的NRZ(non- return- to- zero)信号转换为相应的PRZ(pseudo- return- to- zero)信号,实现了NRZ信号时钟分量的提取.并分析了SOA注入电流、环镜探测光光功率等系统参数的选取对转换输出的PRZ信号的光信噪比、消光比及环镜透过率的影响.     

Howells-Applebaum adaptive superresolution array for acceleratedscanning

An approach is proposed that offers an accelerated scanning rate for a Howells-Applebaum adaptive superresolution array (H-A SRA). Analytical considerations clarify the causes of performance degradation of the H-A SRA at a high scanning rate. Then a suitable steering signal and implementation of an H-A weight control loop (H-A loop) for accelerated scanning are introduced. The weight solution determined by this method is shown to coincide approximately with the optimum Wiener one under some specific signal conditions and antenna parameters. Computer simulations show that the H-A SRA gives much better scanning performance than the conventional array. The system is readily implemented by improving the circuit inserting the steering signal in the H-A loop     

Modeling and Small-Signal Analysis of a Switch-Mode Rectifier With Single-Loop Current Sensorless Control

The conventional multiloop control with one inner current loop and one outer voltage loop is often applied to a single-phase boost-type switch-mode rectifier where the output of the voltage loop is a current amplitude signal. In the duty phase control (DPC) proposed recently, the output of the voltage loop is a phase signal used to generate the switching signals without current loop and sensing current. To improve the clamped current waveform of DPC, a single-loop current sensorless control (SLCSC) with some nominal parameters had also been proposed to compensate for the voltage drops across the switch, diodes, and inductor resistance. In this paper, the effect of the differences between nominal and real circuit parameters on the input current waveforms of SLCSC are addressed in detail. The results are helpful in the design of SLCSC. From the simulated and experimental results, we can find that the output voltage is well regulated by the only voltage loop and the input current harmonics are significantly improved.      

INS辅助GPS载波跟踪环分析

高动态环境会造成较大的多普勒频移,这使得一般的GPS接收机在没有外界辅助的情况下难以可靠工作.为了同时满足高动态GPS接收机动态性能和噪声抑制两方面的需要,GPS/INS紧耦合系统利用INS的信息辅助GPS接收机的载波跟踪回路.对紧耦合系统的关键技术--INS辅助GPS载波跟踪回路进行了系统分析,阐述了INS信息辅助G...     

具有闭环跟踪的连续波雷达动态目标模拟器设计

为满足连续波雷达任务联试、设备功能检查和人员跟踪训练需要,设计了具有闭环跟踪的动态目标模拟器。根据目标理论弹道和天线角度,完成信号幅度、多普勒频率和初始相位的精确估计,采用FPGA+DSP构架实现动态目标的射频和差信号产生。经试验验证,该模拟器产生的信号经过接收机解调后送至伺服,驱动天线电轴始终对准目标,实现动态目标的闭环跟踪。