基于3D打印的多孔陶瓷膜研究进展

高性能膜材料是膜分离技术的“芯片”，发展新型高效制备方法是膜分离领域的重要研究方向。以数字模型为基础的3D打印技术，在复杂结构器件精密构筑方面展现出了优异的灵活性。近年来，3D打印技术在高性能膜材料开发方面的应用被广泛关注。本文从制备方法、性能强化等方面介绍了3D打印多孔陶瓷膜的研究进展，探讨了多孔陶瓷膜3D打印技术面临的挑战，并对3D打印技术在陶瓷膜领域的潜在发展方向进行了展望。     

反应-膜分离耦合强化技术的研究进展

反应与分离是化工与石油化工生产过程的核心。因反应和分离效率不高而引起的资源、能源浪费与环境污染等问题日渐凸显,已成为关系到行业可持续发展的瓶颈问题。发展反应过程与膜过程耦合技术,实现反应过程强化,已经成为技术领域研究开发的重要方向。本文综述了基于多孔陶瓷膜微尺度的分散和分离效应强化多相催化反应过程的最新研究进展,介绍了多孔陶瓷膜连续反应器的设计开发及工程应用,并对未来此领域的发展趋势作了展望。     

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体是陶瓷膜制备与应用的基础.本文概述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要的制备工艺及其特点;探讨了制备过程中影响多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能的因素;综述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体研究现状,并对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的发展趋势进行了展望.     

挤出法制备陶瓷膜支撑体工艺过程及影响因素研究进展

陶瓷膜因具有优良的耐高温、化学稳定性好、过滤精度高、抗化学侵蚀性及机械强度高等优点,被广泛应用于石油化工、食品、医药等行业。陶瓷膜支撑体作为陶瓷膜的核心部分,其性能对后期膜层的质量及整体应用性能起着至关重要的作用。本文综合评述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要制备方法及特点,重点论述了挤出成形过程中挤出工艺、原料、添加剂、烧结等因素对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能影响机制,并提出了需要进一步解决的问题和今后发展的方向。     

新型中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备方法

新型中空纤维陶瓷膜由于具有装填密度大、单位体积膜有效分离面积大、膜壁薄、渗透通量高和节省原料、易于实现分离设备小型化等独特优点而受到广泛关注,在用于多孔和致密陶瓷分离膜、固体氧化物燃料电池、微通道反应器、催化剂载体等方面都有着潜在的应用前景。本文在概括中空纤维陶瓷膜特点的基础上,综述了中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备方法及研究进展,着重分析比较了不同制备方法的优缺点。将相转化法应用于中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备,可实现通过一步成型制造具有自支撑非对称结构的复合陶瓷膜,有利于提高膜的渗透通量,简化膜制备工艺和显著降低制造成本。     

新型中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备方法

新型中空纤维陶瓷膜由于具有装填密度大、单位体积膜有效分离面积大、膜壁薄、渗透通量高和节省原料等独特优点而受到广泛关注,在用于多孔和致密陶瓷分离膜、固体氧化物燃料电池、微通道反应器、催化剂载体等方面都有着潜在的应用前景。在概括中空纤维陶瓷膜特点的基础上,综述了中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备方法研究进展,着重分析比较了不同制备方法的优缺点。将相转化法应用于中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备,可实现通过一步成型制造具有自支撑非对称结构的复合陶瓷膜,有利于提高膜的渗透通量、简化膜制备工艺和显著降低制造成本。     

多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜的制备及其抗污染性能

以PbZr_xTi_(1-x)O_3(PZT)压电陶瓷粉体为原料,通过干压成型的方法制备多孔PZT陶瓷膜,考察了煅烧温度对多孔PZT陶瓷膜的机械强度、孔隙率以及纯水渗透性能的影响。当煅烧温度为950℃时,可制备出纯水渗透率为850 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)·MPa~(-1),孔径为300 nm,机械强度为47.8 MPa,孔隙率为34%的多孔PZT陶瓷膜。在此基础上,考察了极化温度与极化电压对多孔PZT陶瓷膜压电性能的影响,并对极化后的PZT压电陶瓷膜进行萃取和表面等离子刻蚀处理。结果表明:极化温度为120℃、极化电压强度为4 k V·mm~(-1),极化后经热乙醇萃取及表面等离子刻蚀4 min后,多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在外加交流电为20 V时,产生的共振振幅信号值达34.8 m V。将制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在粒径为600 nm的含油乳化液中进行过滤实验,发现陶瓷膜两端未加交流电时,其通量在2 h内衰减至4%。而加交流电后,其稳定通量可维持在20%左右,表明制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜具有良好的抗污染效果。     

多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜的制备及其抗污染性能

以 PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃（PZT）压电陶瓷粉体为原料,通过干压成型的方法制备多孔PZT陶瓷膜,考察了煅烧温度对多孔PZT陶瓷膜的机械强度、孔隙率以及纯水渗透性能的影响。当煅烧温度为950℃时,可制备出纯水渗透率为850 L·m^-2·h^-1·MPa^-1,孔径为300 nm,机械强度为47.8 MPa,孔隙率为34%的多孔PZT陶瓷膜。在此基础上,考察了极化温度与极化电压对多孔PZT陶瓷膜压电性能的影响,并对极化后的PZT压电陶瓷膜进行萃取和表面等离子刻蚀处理。结果表明：极化温度为120℃、极化电压强度为4 kV·mm^-1,极化后经热乙醇萃取及表面等离子刻蚀4 min后,多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在外加交流电为20 V时,产生的共振振幅信号值达34.8 mV。将制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在粒径为600 nm的含油乳化液中进行过滤实验,发现陶瓷膜两端未加交流电时,其通量在2 h内衰减至4%。而加交流电后,其稳定通量可维持在20%左右,表明制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜具有良好的抗污染效果。     

陶瓷膜--一种前景广阔的新材料

1陶瓷膜技术发展概况 陶瓷膜也称GT膜，是固态膜的一种，最早由日本的大日本印刷公司和东洋油墨公司在1996年开发引入市场。陶瓷膜主要是Al2O3，ZrO2，TiO2和SiO2等无机材料制备的多孔膜，其孔径为2～50mm。具有化学稳定性好，能耐酸、耐碱、耐有机溶剂；机械强度大，可反向冲洗；抗微生物能力强；耐高温；孔径分布窄，分离效率高等特点，在食品工业、生物工程、环境工程、化学工业、石油化工、治金工业等领域得到了广泛的应用，     

中空纤维陶瓷膜的研制现状与应用前景

相转化法制备中空纤维陶瓷膜是新近发展起来的一种陶瓷膜制造新工艺,它兼有了有机膜和无机膜制备方法的优点.中空纤维陶瓷膜具有比传统陶瓷膜比表面积大、自支撑体成膜、工艺简单和成本低等独特优势,因而在很多领域具有广泛的应用潜力和竞争力.本文主要介绍了利用高分子辅助方法制备如Al2O3、YSZ等中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备原理,研究进展及其在分离膜、质子导电膜、透氧膜和燃料电池等方面的应用现状.     

膜蒸馏用多孔陶瓷膜的疏水改性

膜蒸馏海水淡化是一种从源头上获得淡水资源的技术,是解决水资源紧缺的一种 重要途径。膜蒸馏需要的膜材料为多孔疏水膜,而陶瓷膜一般具有亲水性,所以陶瓷膜的疏水 改性是决定其在膜蒸馏中应用的关键。传统的疏水改性方法包括接枝聚合、仿生微纳结构构筑、 溶胶-凝胶、化学气相沉积、聚合物沉积等,改性后的疏水或者超疏水陶瓷膜已经被应用于膜蒸 馏海水淡化,但是长时间稳定性的不足阻碍了其实际工业应用。最近我们提出了一种有效的通 过聚合物热解对陶瓷膜进行疏水改性的方法,可以获得具有高热稳定性、化学稳定性、抗腐蚀、 抗冲击的疏水陶瓷膜,具有优异的长时间稳定性能,可获得稳定的淡水产出。本文将介绍各种 陶瓷膜疏水改性方法,阐述几种方法的优缺点,并且探讨他们在膜蒸馏海水淡化中的工业应用 潜力。     

Construction strategies of self-cleaning ceramic composite membranes for water treatment

Ceramic membranes have received much popularity due to their high mechanical strength, satisfactory acid/alkali resistance, and long-term stability. However, ceramic membranes are also inevitably fouled by contaminates during the membrane separation process. Therefore, construction strategies of anti-fouling ceramic membranes are a main topic in current research. In this work, we review a better anti-fouling ceramic membrane, which is named “self-cleaning” membrane and membrane process. Date to now, there are four main strategies to construct self-cleaning ceramic membranes: 1) porous piezoelectric ceramic membranes; 2) photo-catalytic ceramic membrane; 3) electrochemical ceramic membranes and 4) self-cleaning ceramic membrane surface. Self-cleaning ceramic membranes can in-situ remove and decompose the pollutants on the membrane surface and recover the water permeance that exhibits a great potential to treat industrial wastewater without backwashing or other methods. The detailed membrane fabrication period, mechanism and important case studies are reported in this review. Self-cleaning ceramic membrane is expected to be next-generation anti-fouling ceramic membrane material for continuous water treatment. It is a first review work that systematically concluded all the strategies for self-cleaning ceramic membranes that can be an important reference in ceramic or membrane fields.     

多孔陶瓷分离膜

多孔陶瓷膜由于其优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐微生物侵蚀等性质，近年来被快速地应用于分离领域。本文介绍其制备方法、性能测定及应用前景。     

非对称陶瓷膜管渗透性能的CFD模拟研究

陶瓷膜因其化学稳定性好、机械强度大等优点得到广泛应用。计算流体力学(CFD)的快速发展使得计算模拟成为研究和优化陶瓷膜管结构性能的有效手段。为了优化非对称结构陶瓷膜管的结构和操作参数,对其渗透性能进行了CFD计算模拟。针对非对称结构陶瓷膜管的膜层和过渡层的厚度在10 μm级的特点,采用Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy定律来分别描述膜管内和膜多孔介质内的纯水流动,利用多孔介质模型描述膜管的主体支撑层,用多孔跳跃边界简化膜管的膜层和过渡层,利用Konzey-Carmen方程对膜元件各层的渗透率进行估算。计算结果与实验值吻合较好,为优化陶瓷膜管的通道结构提供了便捷的工具。     

Fabrications and applications of low cost ceramic membrane from kaolin: A comprehensive review

The application of low cost ceramic membrane from kaolin has attracted much interest due to its excellent mechanical stability, chemical and thermal resistivity and most importantly, because it is cost effective, in some cases, compared to polymeric membranes. The advantage of kaolin based ceramic membrane is its thermal properties that allow sintering at much lower temperature than alumina. Although many studies have been made on the application of kaolin based ceramic membranes, detailed discussions were scarcely made and the information on the fabrication of ceramic membrane from kaolin is very limited. This article is aimed to make a comprehensive review on ceramic membrane from kaolin for its fabrication methods and applications. An attempt is also made to show the future direction of the R and D on the kaolin based ceramic membrane.     

The fabrication and characterization of sintered diatomite for potential microfiltration applications

Porous ceramic membranes have lately become a subject of special interest due to their outstanding thermal and chemical stability. We investigated whether a sintered diatomite support layer could also serve as a separation layer to minimize any processing difficulties, and investigated whether the support layer and the separation layer could be made from the same material to avoid a thermal mismatch during a high-temperature sintering process. We prepared sintered diatomite as a porous ceramic membrane for microfiltration, as diatomite particles are inherently porous and irregular. The pore characteristics of the sintered diatomite specimens were studied by scanning electron micrography, mercury porosimetry, and capillary flow porosimetry.     

Characterization of porous ceramic membranes for their use in catalytic reactors for methane oxidative coupling

Catalytic inorganic membranes were prepared by depositing active materials over porous alumina tubes, using sol-gel and impregnation techniques. The concentration profiles of the different species in the membrane were obtained using XPS. Also, the stability of the membranes was tested by subjecting the samples to different thermal treatments. Different preparation methods are compared with the aim of attaining controlled distributions of the active phases in the membrane. Finally, some reaction results are also presented.     

Development of high strength,porous mullite ceramic hollow fiber membrane for treatment of oily wastewater

Ceramic hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) are known for their excellent characteristics including high surface area, compact design, and good chemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities. Despite these interesting attributes, CHFMs are also prone to certain limitations, such as brittleness and high cost that hinder them from being commercialized. To mitigate this drawback, we have developed a high strength, porous ceramic hollow fiber membrane, derived from mullite–kaolinite powder, for efficient oil–wastewater separation. The superhydrophilic, low-cost mullite-based (CHFM) was successfully fabricated through combined phase inversion and sintering techniques. Prior to the fabrication, the as-received mullite–kaolinite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. Subsequently, operational parameters such as the effect of mullite content, sintering temperature, and air gap were optimized during the fabrication of mullite ceramic hollow fiber membrane. The resulting membranes were systematically characterized and evaluated in terms of morphology, porosity, mechanical strength, water flux, and oil–water separation. Increasing the mullite content, air gap, and sintering temperature enhanced the formation of microvoid structure. It is interesting to note that the mechanical strength of 86 MPa was obtained for the membrane containing 60 wt % of mullite sintered at 1450 °C and an air gap of 5 cm. The membrane induced a stable permeate water flux and oil rejection of mullite CHFM of 182 L/m²?h and 97.1%, respectively. As compared to kaolin ceramic counterparts, this porous mullite ceramic hollow fiber membrane can be used in various water treatment applications, including for the separation of oily wastewater due to its mechanical strength and water flux.