《化学反应工程分析》前言 ——化学反应工程方法论讲座(第一讲)

袁渭康教授,中国工程院院士,著名化学反应工程专家,在化学反应工程领域造诣颇深,并有大量学术论文和学术专著发表。最近,经国务院学位委员会学科评议组评审通过,教育部批准,由袁渭康、朱开宏两位教授主编的《化学反应工程分析》一书被推荐为化工类研究生教学用书。本书经增删修改后,将由高教出版社出版,其中,由袁渭康院士亲自撰写的“前言”和“后语”凝结了他几十年从事化学反应工程研究的心得和见解。在得到袁院士的同意后,本刊用连载的方式,刊登这一“前言”和“后语”,想必一定会对广大从事化工学科教育的教师、读者有所裨益。     

方法论在化学反应工程中的教学实践

将方法论的概念贯穿在化学反应工程教学实践中。在教学中,将模型化方法、控制步骤的思路、非线性问题的处理、量纲分析的引入以及理论与实验相结合的等五个普遍应用于化学反应工程研究中的方法作为重点传授给学生,让学生更好的掌握分析问题、解决问题的思路,在教学中取得了良好的效果。     

《化学反应工程分析》后语(之一)--化学反应工程方法论讲座(第二讲)

本书作者从事化学反应工程的研究和教学工作多年,深感化学反应工程发展至今,已成为一门比较完整的学科,形成了其独特的理论体系。但也应看到,化学反应工程的理论通常是建立在简化的基础上,与实际过程相去甚远。     

化学反应工程教学改革与实践

化学反应工程是化工类学生的专业基础课,对培养学生的化学工程基础、强化工程分析能力具有十分重要的作用。以培养适应知识经济时代的高素质的化学工程与工艺专业人才为目标,根据化学反应工程课程的学科特点,我们提出了对教学大纲和教材的改革,课堂形式的改革,强调了学生的实验技能和动手能力的培养,对课程考核方式进行改革。     

化学反应工程教学难点浅析

化学反应工程是化工类专业一门重要的专业技术基础课。文章对教学中的几个难点问题进行了初步探讨,以提高学生的学习能力。     

化学反应工程与中试放大

概述了化学反应工程与中试放大技术在研究与发展中的地位及其相关性。     

《化学反应工程分析》后语(之二)--化学反应工程方法论讲座(第三讲)

2.模型方法数学模型化方法是化学反应工程的主要研究方法,应用模型方法的必要性是由于反应过程所表现出的很强的非线性性质。模型方法的重要性尽人皆知。人们学得不少,在研究工作和开发工作中用得也不少,但在掌握模型方法应用的技巧方面往往还存在一些问题。这种现状,可能是由于对模型方法的理解和观念方面的一些不足所造成的。2.1模型方法的适用性和实用性模型化是一种方法,就像其他方法,如实验方法一样,各有其适用场合,但也绝不是万能的和一成不变的。简言之,模型化是建立一定的数学方程式,用来描述某一种或数种实际过程定态或…     

《化学反应工程》教学改革与实践

化学反应工程的教学中,强调工程观点,紧密联系青海化工生产与发展实际,提倡理论与实践结合,以培养学生分析解决实际工程问题的能力为目标,积极进行教学研究与改革。     

化学反应工程课程教学改革与思考

根据化学反应工程课程的特性,本文介绍了该课程在独立学院化学工程与工艺本科专业中的教学改革、方法及手段。实践表明,改革有利于培养学生的工程实践能力和创新意识,确保教学质量的提高。     

化学反应工程课程教学与学生工程实践能力的培养

文章根据化学反应工程的学科特点,探讨教学方法、教学手段的改革,以拓展学生的科学理论思维和工程分析能力,培养具有化学工程观念的化工类人才。     

Directed evolution: Past,present, and future

Directed evolution, the laboratory process by which biological entities with desired traits are created through iterative rounds of genetic diversification and library screening or selection, has become one of the most useful and widespread tools in basic and applied biology. From its roots in classical strain engineering and adaptive evolution, modern directed evolution came of age 20 years ago with the demonstration of repeated rounds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐driven random mutagenesis and activity screening to improve protein properties. Since then, numerous techniques have been developed that have enabled the evolution of virtually any protein, pathway, network, or entire organism of interest. Here, we recount some of the major milestones in the history of directed evolution, highlight the most promising recent developments in the field, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1432–1440, 2013     

Imitation dairy products—Past,present and future

The history of substitute dairy products and their impact on the market is reviewed. The present status of filled and imitation milk products is discussed from the flavor acceptance, economic, legal and nutritional standpoints. Comments on some factors which will affect the future growth potential of these products, such as Consumer acceptance, economics, proposed legislation with respect to compositional, nutritional and labeling requirements and industry attitude toward marketing of these products are given. Presented at a meeting of North Central Section of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, September 18, 1968.     

Organoclay rheological additives: Past,present and future

Rheological or flow properties have important implications in many and diverse applications. Often, an additive is used to impart the desired flow behavior. Among these, organoclay products, formed by the reaction of organic cations with smectite clays, are the most widely used additives for solvent-based coatings. The cation— usually a quaternary ammonium salt—used will influence the performance of the resultant organoclay. Criteria to consider in the choice of a cation are molecular size, compatibility with the fluid in which the organoclay is to be used, stability and reactivity. To form a stable organoclay product, the organic cation must contain at least one long-chain alkyl group. Othr groups attached to the cation may be divided into two categories: “filler” groups serve to complete the tetrahedron around the nitrogen, whereas “active” groups contribute beneficially to the performance of the organoclay. Our study of the structure/property relationships has led to the development of new additives described here. These are superior, particularly in terms of use, while providing the same excellent rheological control offered by earlier additives.     

Past, present, and future of periodic mesoporous organosilicas-the PMOs

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) represent an exciting new class of organic-inorganic nanocomposites targeted for a broad range of applications such as catalysis and sensing, separations, and microelectronics. Their hallmark is the presence of organic bridging groups incorporated into the channel walls of an ordered nanoporous structure, which represents a useful tool to finely tune the chemical and physical properties of the materials. We discuss the history of the discovery and development of the PMOs emphasizing the most important recent advancements regarding compositions and structures, morphologies, and properties. Furthermore, we present an outlook about the promising future perspectives of PMOs that result from the latest developments in this field.     

SHS in the UK: Past, present, and future directions

The United Kingdom has played a small but significant role in the development of SHS. Parkin and Kuznetsov have studied the formation of complex oxides in external fields. Wood and Christanthou have studied the formation of intermetallic compounds and refractory materials by SHS. Perry, Thompson, and Green have made contributions to the synthesis of materials by solution phase auto-combustion reactions. The UK has also made contributions to the theory of SHS and the monitoring of SHS reactions by time resolved X-ray, neutron, and thermal imaging studies. The UK has been at the forefront in the development of a sub-class of SHS reactions termed solid state metathesis. Presented at the International Conference on Historical Aspects of SHS in Different Countries, October 22–27, 2007, Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russia.     

Evolution of polymeric hollow fibers as sustainable technologies: Past, present, and future

Energy, water, affordable healthcare and global warming are four major global concerns resulting from resource depletion, record high oil prices, clean water shortages, high costs of pharmaceuticals, and changing climate conditions. Among many potential solutions, advances in membrane technology afford direct, effective and feasible approaches to solve these sophisticated issues. Membrane technology encompasses numerous technology areas including materials science and engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, separation and purification phenomena, molecular simulation, as well as process and product design. Currently, polymeric hollow fiber membranes made using a non-solvent-induced phase inversion process are the dominant products because polymers offer a broad spectrum of materials chemistry and result in membranes with desirable physicochemical properties for diverse applications. Their low cost and ease of fabrication make polymeric membranes superior to inorganic membranes. Therefore, this review focuses on state-of-the-art polymeric hollow fiber membranes made from non-solvent-induced phase inversion and the potential of membrane processes for sustainable water and energy production. The specific topics include: (i) basic principles of hollow fiber membrane formation and the phase inversion process; (ii) membranes for energy (natural gas, H₂, and biofuel) production; (iii) membranes for CO₂ capture; and (iv) emerging desalination technologies (forward osmosis and membrane distillation) for water production. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the development of advanced membrane structures are discussed.     

The coming-of-age of chemical reaction engineering

This paper takes a look at the creation, logic, growth patterns, status, and prospects for chemical reaction engineering.     

Concepts for fire protection of passenger rail transportation vehicles: Past,present, and future

Recent advances in passenger rail transportation, fire test methods, and hazard analysis necessitate re-examination of requirements for fire safety. Several studies have indicated nearly random ability of current bench-scale tests to predicts actual fire behavior. Fire safety in any application, including transportation, requires a multi-faceted approach. The effects of vehicle design, material selection, detection and suppression systems, and emergency egress and their interaction, on the overall fire safety of the passenger trains must all be considered. The strengths and weakness of current methods for measuring the fire performance of rail transportation systems are evaluated. A systems approach to fire safety which address typical passenger train fire scenatios is analyzed. A rationale is presented for the direction in which most fire science-oriented organizations in the world are clearly headed – the use of fire hazard and fire risk assessment methods supported by measurement methods based on heat release rate.