癸酸-肉豆蔻酸/硅藻土定形相变储能材料制备及性能研究

以癸酸(CA)与肉豆蔻酸(MA)复合制备的CA-MA二元低共熔脂肪酸为储能基元材料,硅藻土为储能载体,基于真空吸附法制备了CA-MA/硅藻土定形相变储能材料。采用FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TG对定形相变材料的结构、形貌和热性能等进行了分析。结果表明,CA-MA二元低共熔脂肪酸被吸附到硅藻土的孔道中,二者之间为物理结合。质量分数为45%CA-MA的定形相变材料,CA-MA在反复循环相变中未发生泄漏,其熔化、凝固相变温度分别为22.75、14.52℃,相变焓分别为67.03、66.85J/g,相变温度适中,相变焓高,热稳定性好,适用于建筑领域。     

二元脂肪酸/SiO2复合相变储能材料的制备与表征

针对适用于建筑领域的相变储能材料,选用癸酸(CA)分别与月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)和棕榈酸(PA)复合制备了二元低共熔脂肪酸作为储能材料。通过施罗德公式计算得到二元低共熔脂肪酸的混合比例和理论相变温度。基于CA-MA优异的性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CA-MA/SiO2定形相变储能材料。采用FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TG对CA-MA/SiO2的结构、形貌、热性能和热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,制备的3种二元低共熔脂肪酸适合于建筑领域。CA-MA较好地被固定在SiO2多孔网络中,储能材料和SiO2之间仅为物理结合,没有新物质的生成。定形相变储能材料的相变温度为20.96℃,相变焓为70.17J/g,相变温度适中,相变焓高,热稳定性好。     

相变储能材料的制备与研究

选择了几种脂肪酸,依据二元低共熔原理,制备出适合建筑材料使用的二元有机相变储能材料。通过DSC分析了复合储能材料的相变温度、相变焓等热性能,结果表明:当CA∶LA;CA∶MA;CA∶PA的质量比分别为53.45∶46.55∶60.2∶39.8∶61.6∶38.4时,其相变焓和相变温度分别为CA-LA:120.7J/g;20.82℃,CA-MA:120.3J/g;19.15℃,CA-PA:142.9J/g;22.05℃,适合于民用建筑对相变材料的要求。通过SEM分析检测了珍珠岩吸附相变材料后的表面微观变化,结果表明:有机羧酸均匀吸附在多孔基体中,此种材料可以应用于夹心节能建筑围护结构中。     

十二酸/十六酸/十四酸三元复合相变体系研究

采用步冷曲线法测定了不同比例的十二酸(LA)/十六酸(PA)二元体系的相变温度,绘制了该体系的T-X相图。在其最低共熔点处引入十四酸(MA)组成三元体系,测定了该三元体系不同组成的相变温度,绘制其T-X相图。采用差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对三元体系中最低共熔物的热性能和稳定性能进行表征。结果表明:LA/PA质量比为76∶24时形成最低共熔物,其最低共熔温度为31.7℃,相变焓为272.9J/g;LA/PA/MA三元体系在质量比为60.8∶19.2∶20时能形成低共熔物,其低共熔温度为26.9℃,相变焓为264.2J/g,连续相变过程无分层现象,300次热循环后热稳定性好。     

羧甲基纤维素钠超声吸附脂肪酸相变材料的制备

通过超声吸附法,利用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)的孔洞吸附癸酸(CA)、月桂酸(LA)和肉豆蔻酸(MA)三种脂肪酸,制备了相变材料。通过FTIR、XRD、BET、SEM、DSC、TG测试方法研究了材料的综合性能。FTIR和XRD结果说明CMC与脂肪酸(FA)之间属于物理吸附;BET定性得出CMC吸附后的孔径、孔体积和表面积减小,CMC对CA、LA和MA的最大吸附率分别为35.3%、42.7%和44.7%,与TG和DSC定量得出的结果相一致,相变温度分别为36.53℃、46.05℃和57.04℃,相变焓值分别为60.27 J/g、72.06 J/g和81.58 J/g;微观形貌下CMC的孔洞被脂肪酸填充且在经过100次冷热循环后材料的相变性能和热稳定性良好。     

脂肪酸/SiO_2复合相变材料的制备和性能

以癸酸(CA)、月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)和棕榈酸(PA)为相变材料并根据理论公式估算低共熔脂肪酸的组成配比和理论热性能,制备了4组三元低共熔脂肪酸。针对适用于夏炎热地区建筑领域的相变储能材料,选取月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸-棕榈酸(LA-MA-PA)为相变芯材,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LA-MA-PA/SiO_2复合相变材料,并测试了这种复合相变材料的结构和性能。结果表明:LA-MA-PA具有良好的热稳定性和结构稳定性,可均匀地嵌入到SiO_2多孔网络结构中,且相变芯材与载体复合后无新物质生成。LA-MA-PA/SiO_2球体颗粒光滑饱满,分散性良好其粒径约为3μm,经历100次热循环后脂肪酸没有明显的渗漏。这种复合相变材料的相变温度和潜热分别为29.6℃和91.1 J/g,具有良好的热稳定性。     

CA-SA/OMMT/PMMA复合相变储能材料的制备与性能研究

以癸酸(CA)/硬脂酸(SA)共熔物、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用本体聚合法制备一种脂肪酸类复合相变储能材料。采用电子扫描显微镜、光学显微镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪等对复合相变储能材料的表面形态、化学结构、热性能及热稳定性等进行测试,并对渗漏性及储热调温效果进行了评价。结果表明:脂肪酸与基体材料的复合方式为物理共混,该复合相变储能材料具有较好的相变蓄热性能及热稳定性。脂肪酸与有机蒙脱土的质量分数分别为60%、10%时,复合相变储能材料中的脂肪酸共熔物泄漏少,相变温度为20℃,相变焓为69.3J/g。     

脂肪酸三元低共熔混合物相变温度和潜热的理论预测

对脂肪酸低共熔混合物相变温度和潜热的理论预测公式进行了选择和实验验证,通过DSC实验测试月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸二元低共熔混合物、月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸-棕榈酸三元低共熔混合物的热物性参数,发现理论预测公式对低共熔质量配比和相变温度的预测与实验结果吻合较好,可以用于计算脂肪酸类低共熔混合物的热特性参数。在此基础上对10种脂肪酸三元低共熔混合物的质量配比、相变温度和潜热进行了预测计算,这10种脂肪酸三元相变温度范围为16.12～38.86℃,相变潜热范围为154.99～177.39J/g。脂肪酸三元低共熔混合物的研究丰富了脂肪酸的相变温度和相变潜热范围,为脂肪酸类相变材料的工程应用提供了更广阔的空间。     

改性硅藻土/脂肪酸定形相变材料的制备及性能

采用癸酸和月桂酸的二元低共熔混合脂肪酸为相变芯材,以经过高温焙烧和酸浸法进行改性处理的硅藻土作为基体材料,通过真空浸渍法制备改性硅藻土/脂肪酸定形相变材料,并采用不同的固-液分离工艺对定形相变材料进行干燥。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TG)和热循环实验等方法对改性硅藻土以及定形相变材料的物质成分、化学结构、热性能及稳定性等进行表征。结果表明,500℃高温焙烧5h和50%硫酸酸浸5h对硅藻土的改性效果良好,改性硅藻土的孔隙率和吸附性能明显提高;经抽滤干燥处理的定形相变材料热性能最优,改性硅藻土对脂肪酸相变材料的吸附率为42.7%,定形相变材料相变温度为17.68℃,相变潜热为66.65J/g,改性硅藻土能够对脂肪酸产生吸附和固定作用,定形相变材料表现出良好的热稳定性,可以用作保温、蓄热建筑材料。     

壳聚糖-g-硬脂酸固-固相变材料制备与表征

采用化学接枝的方法将具有固-液相变性能的硬脂酸接枝到壳聚糖高分子链上,制得一种具有固-固相变性能的新型高分子相变材料:壳聚糖-g-硬脂酸固-固相变材料,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、偏光热台显微镜(POM)和热失重分析仪(TG)等对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明,硬脂酸通过化学键连接在壳聚糖分子链上;壳聚糖-g-硬脂酸固-固相变材料呈现出可逆的固-固相转变特性,且具有与硬脂酸相似的结晶结构,吸热焓值为21.33J/g(相变温度为60.5℃),放热焓值为14.03J/g(相变温度为47.11℃),具有良好的热稳定性,热失重拐点温度为233.11℃。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to