不同提取方法对柠檬皮渣果胶特性的影响

以干燥柠檬皮渣为原料,采用酸法提取(traditional acid extraction,TAE)、酶法提取(enzyme extraction,EE)、微波法辅助提取(microwave assisted extraction,MAE)、超高压法辅助提取(ultra-high pressure assisted extraction,UHPAE)及超声波法辅助提取(ultrasound assisted extraction,UAE) 5种方法提取果胶,研究不同提取方法对柠檬果胶理化特性、流变特性及乳化特性的影响,并与商品柠檬果胶比较。结果表明:所有果胶半乳糖醛酸含量均超过国标的要求;酯化度均大于50%,属于高甲氧基果胶;傅立叶红外光谱显示,各果胶均具有果胶的特征官能团,说明不同提取方法不会对果胶结构产生影响。不同方法所得果胶的表观黏度、粒径、Zeta电位及乳化稳定性等的大小具有相同的顺序:MAE> UHPAE> UAE> EE> TAE> CLP,即5种提取方法得到果胶的特性均高于CLP,且其他4种提取方法所得果胶又优于酸法,说明采用现代技术辅助改进酸法提取,得到的柠檬果胶的各项特性均更好,这为研究不同方法提取柠檬果胶在食品工业中的应用提供了基础。     

微波辅助提取柑橘鲜皮渣中果胶的工艺优化

应用微波辅助提取柑橘鲜皮渣中的果胶,探讨微波功率、料液比、微波时间和pH值4因素对柑橘鲜皮渣中果胶得率的影响。并利用响应面法对微波辅助提取果胶的工艺条件进行优化。回归方差分析结果表明：模型中一次项X1(pH值)、X2(微波时间)、X3(微波功率)对果胶得率的影响均达到显著水平;交互项X1X3的影响显著,但X1X2、X2X3不显著;二次项X12、X32均表现为极显著。表明各因素对果胶得率的影响不是简单的线性关系。考虑到实验的可行性以及效率等综合因素,确定微波辅助提取柑橘鲜皮渣中果胶的最佳工艺条件为微波功率626W、微波时间5.6min、pH1.5、料液比1:30(g/mL),模型预测果胶得率为7.1%,在此微波条件下进行3次重复实验,果胶的平均得率为7.05%。     

微波辅助提取西番莲果皮中果胶的研究

对微波辅助提取西番莲果皮中的果胶进行研究,考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、提取液pH值、液料比对果胶得率的影响,根据U10*(108)安排均匀实验,获得果胶最适提取条件为:微波功率687W,辐射时间4.14min,提取液pH值1.75,液料比20:1(ml:g)。与传统酸法提取相比,最适提取时间大大缩短,得率由2.22%提高到2.60%。同时,对所制备果胶的品质进行测定。结果表明,微波对果胶的提取起到强化作用,而且不改变果胶的品质。     

不同提取和改性方式小粒咖啡果皮果胶的理化性质及其抗氧化活性

以云南小粒咖啡果皮为原料,分别采用盐酸浸提法(traditional acid extraction, TAE)、微波辅助法(microwave assisted extraction, MAE)和超声波辅助法(ultrasound assisted extraction, UAE)提取果皮中的果胶,通过酸碱改性和热改性方法对3种方法提取的果胶进行改性;测定改性前后的小粒咖啡果皮果胶的分子质量、单糖组成、半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度和表面形貌等理化性质,并考察改性前后的果胶对DPPH自由基、·OH、·O₂^-和ABTS阳离子自由基的清除能力。结果表明,3种提取方法的果胶得率为：MAE法(7.24%)>UAE法(6.88%)>TAE法(5.21%),MAE法和UAE法的果胶得率无显著差异(P>0.05);改性前后9种果胶(A₁～A₃, B₁～B₃, C₁～C₃)的阿拉伯糖、半乳糖均相对较高;改性后果胶的半...     

响应面微波辅助酸法优化提取西兰花茎果胶多糖

试验以西兰花茎为原料,通过微波辅助酸法研究料液比、提取液pH值、微波功率和微波时间对西兰花茎果胶多糖得率的影响,并结合单因素试验和响应面分析法对提取工艺条件进行优化.结果显示4个因素对果胶多糖得率的影响均显著(p<0.05),其中提取液pH值和微波功率为极显著因素,影响因素大小顺序依次为提取液pH值>微波功率>料液比>...     

微波辅助提取刺玫果果胶工艺研究

采用微波辅助提取刺玫果果胶。以刺玫果果胶得率为考察指标对微波辅助提取工艺条件进行了优化,确定了盐酸为萃取剂的果胶最佳提取工艺:料液比1∶40(m/v)、提取液p H1.5、提取温度80℃、微波功率500W,微波提取时间40min、微波提取3次,在此工艺条件下,刺玫果果胶得率为0.787%。结果表明,微波法可用于刺玫果果胶的辅助提取。      

微波辅助提取脐橙皮果胶的工艺研究

采用微波辅助法提取脐橙皮中的果胶,研究微波火力、微波辐射时间、p H值和料液比对果胶得率的影响。通过单因素实验和正交试验确定提取脐橙皮果胶的最佳工艺条件:微波火力为中高火,微波辐射时间为5 min,p H值为1.5,料液比(g∶m L)为1∶20,果胶得率可达25.49%。与直接加热提取法相比,微波辅助提取法是一种省时、高效的提取脐橙皮果胶的新方法。     

不同方法提取的山楂果胶理化性质及体外抗糖化活性的对比

本研究以山楂粉为原料,采用热水浸提、超声辅助热水浸提、酶法辅助热水浸提三种方法提取果胶,探究不同提取方法对果胶得率、总糖含量、总酚含量、半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度和粘度等理化性质及体外抗糖化活性的影响。结果表明,酶法辅助热水提取果胶的得率最高,达到17.7%,且相应酯化度和粘度最高,但操作过程复杂;热水浸提法果胶得率次之,为10.1%,但总酚含量和酯化度最低;超声辅助热水提取法得率最低,仅有6.4%,但其总糖含量及多聚半乳糖醛酸量最高。体外抗糖化活性分析表明,超声辅助热水法提取的果胶抗糖化活性最强,在BSA-果糖以及BSA-丙酮醛模拟体系中的糖化抑制率分别为82.7%和79.8%,抗糖化活性与半乳糖醛酸酸含量成正比。由此可见,不同提取方法对山楂果胶得率、理化特性以及抗糖化活性均具有很大的影响。     

菊苣中菊苣酸的提取及抗氧化活性研究

目的以菊苣茎为试验材料,探讨菊苣酸提取的最佳工艺条件,并考察菊苣酸的抗氧化活性。方法采用超声波辅助提取法,在单因素试验基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验,并通过DPPH、·OH自由基清除率和铁还原力测定菊苣酸的抗氧化活性。结果最佳提取工艺参数为:以50%的乙醇溶液为提取溶剂,提取温度60℃、时间50 min、料液比1:21、超声功率180 W,在此条件下菊苣酸得率为1.51 mg/g。提取温度、料液比、超声功率对菊苣酸得率均有显著影响(P0.05)。菊苣酸具有较强的抗氧化活性,其浓度与DPPH、·OH自由基的清除率和铁还原力呈量效关系,IC50值分别为:6.07 mg/L、15.24 mg/L和9.90 mg/L。结论提取条件会影响菊苣酸得率,菊苣酸的抗氧化研究结果可为菊苣酸的深加工提供理论基础。     

提取方法对羊栖菜多糖理化性质及体外生物活性的影响

目的 探究不同提取方法对羊栖菜多糖理化性质与体外生物活性的影响。方法 以羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)为研究对象,采用热水提取法(hot water extraction,HWE)、碳酸钠提取法(alkaline-assisted extraction,ALAE)、氯化钙提取法(calcium chloride-assisted extraction,CAAE)及微波辅助水提法(microwave-assisted water extraction,MAE)和超声辅助水提法(ultrasound-assisted water extraction,UAE)共5种方法提取羊栖菜多糖,分析不同提取方法对多糖的提取效果、理化性质、体外抗氧化和降血糖活性的影响。结果 以水为溶剂进行提取,多糖得率相对较高,且微波和超声辅助可显著增强提取效果。ALAE提取的羊栖菜多糖分子量最低(924.96 k Da)且热稳定性最好(T_max=255.84℃)。不同方法提取所得多糖的单糖组成类似,均主要由甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸和岩藻...     

Structural Characteristics of Pumpkin Pectin Extracted by Microwave Heating

Abstract: To improve extraction yield of pumpkin pectin, microwave heating was adopted in this study. Using hot acid extraction, pumpkin pectin yield decreased from 5.7% to 1.0% as pH increased from pH 1.0 to 2.0. At pH 2.5, no pectin was recovered from pumpkin flesh powder. After a pretreatment at pH 1.0 and 25 °C for 1 h, pumpkin powder was microwave‐extracted at 120 °C for 3 min resulting in 10.5% of pectin yield. However, premicrowave treatment at 60 °C for 20 min did not improve extraction yield. When microwave heating at 80 °C for 10 min was applied after premicrowave treatment, final pectin yield increased to 11.3%. When pH was adjusted to 2.0, the yield dropped to 7.7% under the same extraction conditions. Molecular shape and properties as well as chemical composition of pumpkin pectin were significantly affected depending on extraction methods. Galacturonic acid content (51% to 58%) of pumpkin pectin was lower than that detected in commercial acid‐extracted citrus pectin, while higher content of neutral sugars and acetyl esters existed in pumpkin pectin structure. Molecular weight (M_w) and intrinsic viscosity (η_w) determined for microwave‐extracted pumpkin pectins were substantially lower than acid‐extracted pectin, whereas polydispersity was greater. However, microwave‐extracted pectin at pH 2.0 had more than 5 times greater M_w than did the pectin extracted at pH 1.0. The η_w of microwave‐extracted pectin produced at pH 2.0 was almost twice that of other microwave‐extracted pectins, which were comparable to that of acid‐extracted pectin. These results indicate that extraction yield of pumpkin pectin would be improved by microwave extraction and different pectin structure and properties can be obtained compared to acid extraction. Practical Application: Pumpkin is a promising alternative source for pectin material. Pumpkin pectin has a unique chemical structure and physical properties, presumably providing different functional properties compared to conventional commercial pectin sources. Depending on the conditions to produce pumpkin pectin, diverse molecular structures can be obtained and utilized in various food applications.     

响应面优化微波加热法提取橘皮果胶

以橘皮为原料,采用微波加热法提取橘皮果胶。探讨了微波功率、液固比、提取时间及提取液pH对果胶提取率的影响。采用响应面法建立二次回归模型,并对提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明,当微波功率509 W,液固比25∶1(g/g),提取时间6.6 min及提取液pH2.4时,果胶的提取率可达到17.81%。比相同条件下常规水浴法的果胶提取率高4.4%。     

响应面法优化石上柏穗花杉双黄酮提取工艺

采用响应面法优化石上柏穗花杉双黄酮微波提取工艺条件。研究了微波功率、提取时间、固液比和提取温度等对石上柏中穗花杉双黄酮得率的影响,并采用响应面实验设计和多元二次回归分析,优化了此提取工艺。通过实验得出穗花杉双黄酮最佳提取工艺条件:固液比为1:15 g/mL,微波功率为400 W,提取时间为37 min,提取温度为47℃。在此条件下,穗花杉双黄酮的得率达到了0.33%±0.08%。与乙醇回流提取法和索氏提取法相比,该方法节省时间、节约能量、提取效率高、控制方便。可用于石上柏穗花杉双黄酮的提取。     

微波辅助提取葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的工艺研究

目的优化葡萄皮渣中白藜芦醇的微波辅助提取工艺。方法通过单因素试验,选择微波时间、料液比以及微波功率为自变量,白藜芦醇提取率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计分析研究各自变量对多糖提取率的影响。经极差与方差分析,从而获得最适的提取工艺条件。结果在微波提取时间70 s、料液比1:20(m:V)、微波作用功率为600 W的条件下获得白藜芦醇提取率为0.284%,相比有机溶剂乙醇提取法的提取率增加了42%。结论本研究可为葡萄皮渣的再利用与开发提供参考。     

微波辅助提取火龙果果皮中果胶工艺

为利用火龙果果皮中的果胶,采用微波辅助提取方法对火龙果果皮中的果胶进行提取。以果胶提取率作为测定指标,探讨了料液比、微波功率、微波提取时间、提取液pH对果胶产率的影响,通过正交试验确定适宜工艺条件。结果表明,适宜组合pH为2.0,料液比为1∶20(g/mL),微波输出功率为640 W,微波时间为40 s,在此条件下果胶产率可达到15.82%。     

The optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai root

Response surface methodology was used to display the characteristics of microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of soluble solids and decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai root, thereby allowing MAE conditions to be optimized. These included ethanol concentration, microwave power and extraction time. The maximal solid yield was predicted to be 44.2% under conditions of 44.9% ethanol concentration, 115.6 W microwave power and 5.8 min extraction time. Decursin content of the extract was estimated to be maximal at 2.52% using 97.7% ethanol, 90.2 W microwave power, and 6.1 min extraction time. The estimated optimal MAE conditions (67% ethanol, 100 W and 6 min) to maximize both components were verified by comparing estimated values with experimental values (42.2% soluble solids, 2.2% decursin), which were higher than those (35.8% solids, 2.0% decursin) obtained by conventional reflux extraction (60% ethanol, 95 °C and 6 h).     

Single-step recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste by ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation: A multi-response optimization study

The main products obtained from citrus wastes are pectin and essential oil. In this work, ohmic heating assisted extraction/hydrodistillation (OHAE/H) was applied for the simultaneous recovery of pectin and essential oil from lemon waste. Optimum OHAE/H conditions to maximize the yield of pectin and essential oil were determined with response surface methodology. Three independent variables, namely liquid to solid ratio (w:v), extraction/hydrodistillation time (min) and voltage gradient (V/cm) were varied to obtain maximum pectin and essential oil yield. Optimum OHAE/H conditions were determined as 8.7:1 liquid to solid ratio, 58.4 min extraction/hydrodistillation time and 14.2 V/cm voltage gradient. The predicted pectin and essential oil yields at optimum conditions were 16.58 and 3.62 g/100 g lemon waste, respectively. Data analysis showed that all of the independent variables significantly affected the pectin and essential oil yield. In the verification study, close agreement was found between predicted and experimental values. Conventional heating extraction/hydrodistillation (CHE/H) were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of OHAE/H. With OHAE/H process, the yields of the pectin and essential oil were significantly increased when compared to CHE/H. Limonene concentration of the essential oil produced with OHAE/H was higher than the essential oil produced by CHE/H. Results demonstrate that the single-step OHAE/H could be an effective method for simultaneous extraction and hydrodistillation of pectin and essential oils.     

正交试验优化山楂果心果胶微波-盐酸-盐析法提取工艺

以山楂果心为原料,采用微波-盐酸-盐析法,通过单因素及L9(34)正交试验分别研究了盐酸浓度、微波功率、微波时间、饱和硫酸铝溶液用量、料液比等因素对山楂果心提取液中果胶量及得率的影响。结果表明微波功率的影响最大,料液比的作用次之,饱和硫酸铝溶液用量的影响高于盐酸浓度,微波时间的影响最小;山楂果心中果胶提取的最佳条件为盐酸浓度0.05mol/L、微波功率800W、微波时间50s、料液比1:15,饱和硫酸铝溶液用量7mL,在此条件下果胶得率达5.87%。