高应变率下多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

采用Φ74 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验装置,对两种尺寸聚丙烯细纤维和一种尺寸聚丙烯粗纤维单掺及混掺的混凝土试件进行冲击压缩试验,对比分析粗、细纤维及不同纤维掺量比的多尺寸纤维混凝土试件在五种不同应变率下的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形、动态压缩韧性和破坏特征,研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态压缩力学性能.结果表明:随应变率的增加,素混凝土及纤维混凝土的动态压缩强度、动态压缩变形和动态压缩韧性表现出显著的应变率效应;在试验应变率范围内,粗聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度最高,相对素混凝土增幅为132.36％～213.85％;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态强度增长因子与素混凝土基本一致;掺入多尺寸聚丙烯纤维可有效增大混凝土在不同应变率下的动态峰值应变和动态极限应变;多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态极限韧性较高,其中细聚丙烯纤维含量为1.2 kg/m3时混凝土动态极限韧性最高,增幅为121.11％.     

玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态力学性能

采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆 (SHPB) 试验装置研究了不同纤维体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土在不同应变率下的冲击压缩力学性能 , 并对试验的有效性进行了分析。结果表明: 玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态强度增长因子与平均应变率的对数近似呈线性关系 , 强度与变形能力随平均应变率的提高而线性增加 , 体现了很强的应变率相关性 ; 纤维体积掺量为 0. 1 %的玄武岩纤维混凝土较素混凝土的动态抗压强度提高了 26 % , 变形能力提高了 14 %; 纤维体积掺量分别为 0. 2 %、 0. 3 %的玄武岩纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度比素混凝土高出 25 %左右 , 而变形能力较素混凝土无明显优势 ; 在玄武岩纤维混凝土的 SHPB试验中 , 试件破坏时刻为 123. 3～239.μ45 s , 近似恒应变率加载时间比例约为 62 % , 且应变率曲线的波动范围控制在 23 %左右 , 能够较好地满足应力均匀分布及恒应变率加载要求 , 表明 SHPB试验结果可靠。      

聚丙烯纤维-钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能试验

顶管施工中钢筋/混凝土管节存在开裂现象,严重影响工程质量与后续营运。鉴于聚丙烯纤维具有改善混凝土抗拉、抗裂性能的作用,本文采用2种聚丙烯细纤维和1种聚丙烯粗纤维,设计了无纤维、单掺粗纤维及混掺三种尺度纤维的3组钢筋/混凝土管试件,进行了三点试验,对比分析管节的开裂破坏形态、荷载挠度曲线和开裂延性指标。并建立纤维混凝土管节三点试验的有限元模型,进一步探究聚丙烯纤维掺量对钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能的影响规律。结果表明,聚丙烯粗纤维可提高混凝土管的抗裂与承载能力,聚丙烯粗、细纤维的协同作用使管达到更高的使用和极限强度。相比无纤维管,混掺多尺度纤维提升管的使用强度和极限强度分别为28.7%和36.4%。此外,数值模拟合理地预测了纤维/混凝土管节的荷载挠度响应,并针对混凝土管节的极限强度值,得到单掺和混掺聚丙烯纤维时粗纤维的最佳掺量。      

冲击荷载下纳米碳纤维混凝土的动态受压力学特性

为探究纳米碳纤维混凝土的动态受压力学特性,本研究利用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆装置,分别对素混凝土及体积掺量为0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.5％的纳米碳纤维混凝土试件开展冲击压缩试验,对比分析了混凝土在5组不同应变率水平下混凝土的动态抗压强度、动态压缩变形和冲击韧性的变化特征.结果表明:各掺量下纳米碳纤维对混凝土动态抗压强度、动态压缩变形和冲击韧性均具有不同程度的增强作用.纳米碳纤维掺量为0.3％时对动态抗压强度的增强效果最佳;纳米碳纤维仅在0.2％掺量时对混凝土动态弹性模量表现为提升作用,其他掺量下反而使其动态弹性模量有所下降.素混凝土及纳米碳纤维混凝土的动态抗压强度、冲击韧性和动态弹性模量均随应变率水平的提高而逐渐增大,表现出显著的线性关系.动态峰值应变、极限应变虽整体上随应变率的上升呈递增趋势,但二者并不存在明显的线性相关性.适量纳米碳纤维的掺入能够发挥小尺寸效应及增强、阻裂作用,改善基体的微观结构,提升混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动态受压力学特性.     

透水沥青混凝土单轴冲击压缩特性研究

为研究透水沥青混凝土的动态力学特性,采用74 mm钢质分离式霍普金森压杆装置对不掺纤维和掺0.3%聚酯纤维的透水沥青混凝土进行了不同应变率的单轴冲击压缩试验。研究表明,透水沥青混凝土具有明显的应变率效应,试件压缩率随着应变率的增大而提高,掺聚酯纤维透水沥青混凝土的压缩率是不掺纤维的1.2倍左右;透水沥青混凝土的动态应力-应变曲线可分为弹性变形阶段、塑性变形阶段和破坏阶段。从试件的破坏形态可以看出,集料的断裂是透水沥青混凝土破坏的主要原因。在透水沥青混凝土中掺加聚酯纤维能够延缓裂缝的出现和开展,提高材料的冲击抗压强度,增幅最大为45.1%。     

聚合物改性碳纤维增强混凝土的动态压缩力学性能

为探究聚合物改性碳纤维增强混凝土(PMCFRC)的动态压缩力学性能,利用直径Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,分别对碳纤维增强混凝土及聚合物体积分数为4vol%、8vol%、12vol%的PMCFRC进行了5组不同气压下的冲击压缩试验,获得了混凝土在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变曲线和破坏形态,分析了应变率和聚合物掺量对PMCFRC动态压缩强度、变形和韧性的影响规律。结果表明：PMCFRC的动态压缩强度、变形和韧性均具有明显的应变率强化效应,聚合物对PMCFRC的动态压缩力学性能既有强化效应,也有劣化效应。随着应变率的增大,PMCFRC的动态抗压强度、动态强度增长因子(DIF)、动态峰值应变、冲击韧性均逐渐增大。随着聚合物掺量的增大,PMCFRC的动态抗压强度、DIF、冲击韧性均先增大后减小,动态峰值应变不断增大。相同应变率水平下,4%PMCFRC的动态抗压强度、冲击韧性最大,破损程度最轻;8%PMCFRC的应变率敏感性最佳,DIF最大时达到1.94,对混凝土强度的增幅最大。聚合物一方面在混凝土基体中发挥着填充、阻裂、增韧作用,另一方面改善碳纤维-混凝土基体界面的粘结...     

基于SHPB试验的多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态力学性能研究

选用两种聚丙烯细纤维及一种聚丙烯粗纤维,制备了9组纤维掺量比不同的混凝土试件。采用变截面大尺寸分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)进行了冲击压缩试验,研究了在0.4 MPa冲击气压作用下,不同纤维掺量比对混凝土抗冲击性能的影响,基于引入损伤的Z-W-T本构模型对试验结果进行拟合分析。结果表明,单掺粗纤维可提高混凝土的整体性,且能显著提高混凝土破坏前的抗冲击性能,单掺细纤维主要是提高混凝土破坏后的抗冲击性能,而混掺纤维混凝土各个时期的抗冲击性能均得到提高,其中多尺寸纤维混掺的效果最好。     

UHMWPE纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能研究

试验研究了一种捻制超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强的新型纤维混凝土动态压缩力学性能。研制了4种纤维体积掺量(0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、1.0%)的C70等级纤维混凝土,采用Φ100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆进行冲击压缩试验,研究了纤维混凝土在140~255 s~(-1)应变率下的动态压缩力学性能。试验结果表明:UHMWPE纤维混凝土抗压强度、峰值应变和弹性模量具有明显的应变率敏感性;纤维混凝土抗压强度应变率敏感性弱于素混凝土,但其弹性模量应变率敏感性强于素混凝土;动态强度增长因子与应变率对数呈线性关系,具体关系与纤维掺量相关。     

基于细观模拟的混凝土动态压缩强度尺寸效应研究

在混凝土静态破坏尺寸效应方面开展的研究已经较为完善,而在动态破坏尺寸效应方面的研究还远没有形成一个统一的认知。混凝土尺寸效应根源于内部组成的非均质性,从细观角度出发,考虑材料非均质及细观组分的应变率效应,将混凝土看作由骨料、砂浆及界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料,建立了混凝土动态破坏行为研究的细观数值分析方法,对不同应变率（1×10-5 s-1~2×102 s-1）及不同尺寸方形混凝土试件单轴压缩破坏行为进行模拟与分析。数值结果表明:混凝土动态与静态加载下压缩强度尺寸效应规律存在明显差异,在动态压缩强度尺寸效应规律中,存在一个临界应变率（约为1 s-1）,即:低于临界应变率时,应变率增大时,压缩强度随试件尺寸增大而减小,且尺寸效应逐渐被削弱;达到临界应变率时,混凝土动态压缩强度与尺寸无关,尺寸效应被完全抑制;高于临界应变率时,应变率增大时,压缩强度随试件尺寸增大而增大,尺寸效应逐渐增强。最后对混凝土动态强度尺寸效应的产生机理进行了分析与讨论。     

高韧性纤维混凝土单轴受压性能及尺寸效应

高韧性纤维混凝土(ECC)具有优异的韧性、卓越的耗散能力及裂缝无害化分布的特点,能够明显改善结构的抗震性能与耐久性。通过对三种不同高厚比的立方体与棱柱体共60个试件进行单轴受压试验,探究高韧性纤维混凝土的受压性能、变形机制及尺寸效应对试件力学性能的影响,测得了不同高厚比试件受压的应力-应变全曲线。结果表明:高韧性纤维混凝土在裂缝发展及破坏模式上与普通混凝土存在明显的区别,由于纤维的桥接作用,在加载过程中材料表现出较强的压缩韧性,试件破坏以后仍保持相对完整,极限压应变约为普通混凝土的10倍;当高厚比大于1时,材料抗压强度对尺寸的敏感性降低;峰值应变与抗压韧性系数随着高厚比的增加逐步减少。结合电镜扫描结果,对高韧性纤维混凝土中纤维的分布、桥接情况及纤维增韧增强机制进行了分析与讨论。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.