莱斯衰落信道下大规模MIMO系统中的信道估计方法

日趋重要的高速移动工具,如高速铁路、无人驾驶飞机等,大多都处在开阔地带.由于视距传播的存在,瑞利衰落模型已经不能很好地描述该环境下的信道情况,而莱斯衰落信道模型由视距分量和多径分量组成,更能准确地表述上述信道变化.基于此模型,在大规模天线系统下,在已存在的基于叠加训练序列信道估计方法的基础上,提出了改进的信道估计方法和对应的解码方法.改进后的信道估计方法分为直射分量已知和未知两种情况,分别推导了相应的信道估计公式和解码方法.数值仿真结果验证了本文所提方案性能的优越性.     

时变信道下多小区多用户分布式大规模MIMO系统上行可达速率分析

针对多小区多用户分布式大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)上行系统，考虑移动环境下信道时变特性，并结合多小区导频污染和信道估计误差条件，分析这类因素对系统可达速率的性能影响。采用一阶高斯马尔科夫过程对时变信道进行建模，以时间相关性系数为时变信道参量描述信道系数随时间变化的快慢程度。当基站采用最大比合并(Maximum Ratio Combining，MRC)接收机时，利用Jensen不等式、随机矩阵理论和Gamma随机变量的各阶矩，推导得出了包含导频污染、信道估计误差和信道时变参量的可达速率解析表达式。基于此，分析得出在多小区分布式大规模MIMO系统中，时变信道参量只会影响系统的可达速率绝对值，而不会影响发射功率缩放律。更重要的是，当不考虑发射功率缩放时，随总天线数增加，可达速率将不受时变信道的影响，而只由导频污染所决定，这表明该系统对时变信道具有良好的鲁棒性。最后，利用蒙特卡洛数值仿真验证了所得出的结论的正确性和有效性。      

大规模MIMO系统中动态导频分配

针对大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中存在的导频污染问题,该文提出一种动态导频分配方案。所提方案利用目标小区与干扰小区用户之间的信号干扰强度差将干扰小区分为Uin和Uout两类,并对Uin中的用户进行最优导频分配,Uout中的用户进行随机导频分配来提升系统的平均下行可达和速率。同时,在存在额外正交导频组的情况下对所提方案做了进一步优化。仿真结果表明,所提的动态导频分配方案能够有效地提升大规模MIMO系统的性能。     

时间相关信道下分布式大规模MIMO系统频谱效率分析

为了分析时变信道特性对多用户分布式大规模MIMO系统的频谱效率性能影响,通过引入一阶高斯马尔科夫过程来建模时变信道,以时间相关性系数表征时变快慢程度。当系统采用最大比合并（MRC）接收和最大比发送（MRT）预编码方案时,借助于确定性等价原理以及Gamma分布随机变量的性质,推导出了含有信道时变信息的上行和下行频谱效率闭合表达式。同时,给出了当基站总发送天线数与用户个数之比趋于无穷大时,频谱效率的极限表达式。分析表明,频谱效率随时间相关系数减小而降低,但并不影响系统所获得的发射功率增益。数值仿真验证了所推导的频谱效率闭合表达式和极限值的有效性和精确性,并比较得出时变信道下分布式大规模MIMO比集中式大规模MIMO具有更好的性能。      

非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道特性研究

为了满足下一代无线通信的需求,基于最近提出的非对称毫米波大规模多输入多输出(multipleinput multiple-output, MIMO)系统架构,研究了非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道特性——信道非对称性. 根据非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统架构和影响毫米波信道非对称性的主要因素,提出了刻画上下行信道非对称性的新参数——非对称因子. 同时利用实验室自行研发的射线跟踪平台对非对称毫米波信道进行仿真分析. 结果表明,基站收发天线阵列配置不同是导致信道非对称性的根本原因,复杂的传播环境使得这种非对称性更加突出,严重情况下室内场景非对称因子可达到?30 dB左右. 同时室外视距(line-of-sight, LoS)和非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLoS)场景下的非对称因子累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)与高斯分布拟合程度较好,而NLoS场景下明显比LoS场景下的非对称因子小. 因此,非对称因子能够直观地描述出不同场景中上下行信道的非对称程度,而且非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统也应以场景为导向进行信道特性分析.     

MIMO无线通信系统的随机信道性能分析

针对MIMO无线通信系统在随机相关衰落信道下的系统性能进行了全面研究。首先通过对恒定信道和秩亏信道的容量分析以及随机相关瑞利衰落信道的建模研究,提出了样本平均中断容量指标,并将其应用于发射机侧具有不同信道知识的信道容量计算中,从而得到瞬时信道容量;其次,通过对不同信道特征情形下的接收机接收功率分析,提出了多流传输和发射机侧在不同信道知识下的MIMO天线增益的计算公式,最后提出了实际可实现MIMO系统在有限块码长和误差概率情形下的瞬时截止速率;仿真实验结果表明,本文针对MIMO系统的随机相关瑞利衰落信道的建模及其提出的性能指标理论计算公式是有效和实际可行的。     

莱斯信道下低精度ADC去蜂窝大规模MIMO系统的性能分析

去蜂窝大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统被认为是未来6G通信的关键技术之一。然而,随着接入点(APs)和用户数量的激增,硬件成本问题成为了限制系统发展的重要因素。为了有效地降低硬件成本,可以考虑在AP和用户端配置低精度的模数转换器(ADCs)。基于上述原因,本文针对莱斯衰落信道下低精度ADC去蜂窝大规模MIMO系统展开研究。通过利用加性量化噪声模型,推导了该系统使用共轭转置预编码时的可达速率闭合表达式,并且该闭合表达式有助于研究AP的数量、ADC的精度以及莱斯K-因子对于可达速率的影响。此外,在保证每个用户的服务质量和每个AP的功率约束前提下,提出了一种能够最大化总速率的功率控制算法。最后,仿真结果表明了,相较不使用功率控制算法的情况,所提的算法能够带来更大的性能增益。     

非对称毫米波大规模MIMO系统信道特性研究

在大规模多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO）系统中,合理的天线选择、用户调度以及用户功率分配方案,对提升系统能效、节省资源成本有着重要的作用. 针对大规模MIMO下行链路通信场景,基于能效最大化准则,提出了一种联合天线选择、用户调度以及功率分配的低复杂度优化算法. 首先,针对天线选择和用户调度问题,结合递增递减的选择思想,以最大化系统能效为目标,对天线和用户进行双向交替搜索;其次,对于搜索过程中的用户功率分配问题,采用分式规划理论和拉格朗日对偶算法得到最优能效功率的闭式解,三个参数进行迭代优化,从而得到系统最优能效. 仿真结果表明,本文所提算法不仅具有低复杂度而且具有较好性能,能够有效降低大规模MIMO系统的能耗.

     

一种FDD大规模MIMO系统下行信道估计算法

信道估计是大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的关键技术之一。本文针对频分双工(FDD)大规模MIMO正交频分复用(OFDM)系统,研究了下行信道估计问题。通过利用大规模MIMO-OFDM信道在角度-频域中的块稀疏特性,提出了基于块匹配追踪的低复杂度估计算法。另外,针对采用时域正交导频存在估计周期过长,有可能超过系统相干时间的问题,提出了天线分组发送方案,通过牺牲观测数据长度来换取信道估计周期的减少。仿真结果表明,所提算法具有良好的抗噪性能,可以准确找出稀疏向量的非零值位置,并可自适应确定稀疏度。     

面向大规模MIMO信道信息反馈的模型驱动轻量化神经网络

信道状态信息对于大规模多输入多输出（Multi-Input Multi-Output, MIMO）系统获得高信道容量和能量效率是十分重要的。频分双工系统因为上下行信道缺少互易性,所以需要用户将下行信道反馈至基站来进行预编码等处理。因为反馈的信息量和天线数成正比,所以大规模MIMO系统的反馈量是十分巨大的。很多数据驱动的深度学习神经网络使用编码器压缩信道信息,使用解码器恢复信道信息,但是由于数据驱动神经网络的黑盒子特性,不仅需要很高的复杂度来恢复信道信息,而且性能难以得到进一步提升,尤其增加用户设备处模型的复杂度和计算资源来提升性能是不切实际的。本文提出了一种展开迭代阈值收缩算法（Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm, ISTA）的可解释的模型驱动网络。针对信道信息不严格满足压缩感知稀疏性要求而导致恢复性能下降的问题,引入残差网络,设计了一种非线性稀疏变换来提升性能;为了平衡性能和复杂度,在用户处提出了一个可学习的压缩矩阵来保留更多信道信息;进一步地,本文在不改变已有网络框架的基础上将适用范围从单天线用户扩大到多天线用户,提高了神经网络的兼...     

Achievable sum‐rate analysis of correlated two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels

This paper analyzes the achievable sum‐rate of correlated two‐antenna multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) uplink channels. Most of previous works have considered the case when a single user has multiple transmit antennas (i.e. multi‐antenna single‐user scenario). This paper considers the case when two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels comprise two users with a single transmit antenna (i.e. single‐antenna two‐user scenario). The analytic and simulation results show that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels highly depends on the angle difference between the receive correlation coefficients of two users. It is also shown that the achievable sum‐rate of correlated single‐antenna two‐user MIMO uplink channels is larger than that of correlated two‐antenna single‐user MIMO uplink channels and can even be larger than that of independent and identically distributed Rayleigh two‐antenna MIMO uplink channels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of achievable sum‐rate for downlink massive MIMO systems

Massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) has been recognized as a promising technology in the fifth‐generation wireless networks. Under perfect channel state information, we derive three tractable closed‐form expressions that corresponding to the lower bound, approximation, and upper bound on the achievable rate in a massive MIMO downlink system with maximum‐ratio transmission precoding. Based on the proposed closed‐form expressions, the power efficiency of the system is investigated as the number of transmit antennas increases. Simulation results demonstrate the tightness of our proposed closed‐form expressions for the achievable sum‐rate.     

适用于高速移动场景的信道估计方法

目前存在的各种信道估计方法,通常假设信道参数在一个正交频分复用（OFDM）符号内是恒定不变的。但是在高速场景中,信道在一个OFDM符号内呈现出较为明显的变化,这时子载波间干扰（ICI）就会影响传统的信道估计方法,使估计性能明显下降。本文提出通过幂级数基的形式来建模无线信道变化的方法,将时变的信道估计转变成有限参数变量在幂级数基上的投影,这大大减少了估计信道参数的个数。理论分析及仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地跟踪和估计时变的信道参数,具有良好性能。     

An efficient hybrid strategy for uplink channel estimation in massive MIMO systems based on spatially correlated channels

The channel estimation (CE) process is an important phase that has a considerable influence on the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, in particular, in a more realistic scenario where the channels are spatially correlated (ScD). Thereby, in this work, the uplink (UL) CE process and channel hardening (CH) feature is addressed for ScD Rayleigh fading channels using the statistical Bayesian minimum mean square error estimator. The spatial correlation (SC) of the channels is described using different models, namely, the Gaussian local scattering (GLS) model, the uniform local scattering model, and the proposed hybrid model. Each model (i.e., GLS model and the uniform local scattering model) is studied using two arrangements, that is, for a uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA). Moreover, the CH feature is investigated under SC of the channels using different models. Furthermore, this study proposes an efficient hybrid strategy based on SC of the channels for UL CE; that is, this work proposes a hybrid covariance matrix (CM) for UPA arrangement by relying on the Kronecker product of the CMs generated through two ULA arrangements, where the first CM is generated through horizontal ULA using GLS model, whereas the second CM is generated through vertical ULA using uniform local scattering model (i.e., one-ring model). Numerical results regarding CE and CH are provided to assert the theoretical expressions, where the CE is evaluated using the normalized mean square error, whereas the CH is assessed using the variance of CH.     

Blind downlink channel estimation for TDD‐based multiuser massive MIMO in the presence of nonlinear HPA

In time division duplex (TDD)‐based multiuser massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, the uplink channel is estimated and the results are used in downlink for signal detection. Owing to noisy uplink channel estimation, the downlink channel should also be estimated for accurate signal detection. Therefore, recently, a blind method was developed, which assumes the use of a linear high‐power amplifier (HPA) in the base station (BS). In this study, we extend this method to a scenario with a nonlinear HPA in the BS, where the Bussgang decomposition is used for HPA modeling. In the proposed method, the average power of the received signal for each user is a function of channel gain, large‐scale fading, and nonlinear distortion variance. Therefore, the channel gain is estimated, which is required for signal detection. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed method compared to that of the other methods in the literature.     

频率选择性衰落环境中MIMO系统信道容量研究

提出了一种频率选择性环境中多输入多输出系统信道容量的分析方法.该方法基于接收均匀圆阵构建了蕴含天线间距、散射角大小和多径数等模型物理参数的衰落空间相关模型。分析了MIMO OFDM系统信道衰落的统计特性。在此基础上利用Wishart分布的性质详细推导了任意天线数的MIMO OFDM系统的信道容量及其上下限。该方法回避了已有方法需要求取信道衰落相关特征值概率密度函数的问题，降低了运算量；并且可以有效地分析在频率选择性环境中模型物理参数对信道容量的影响。仿真结果表明，随着天线间距的增大，系统的平均信道容量也逐渐增大；但当天线间距增大到一定程度后,信道容量变化不明显，散射角越大，信道容量的增长速率越快，当接收信噪比较高时,平均信道容量的上下限接近于其实际值。     

A lower bound on achievable rate of MRT precoding in multicell multiuser massive MIMO networks with Rician flat fading

A multicell multiuser massive multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) network with Rician flat fading is considered. Given channel reciprocity, non‐orthogonal uplink channel training in conjunction with minimum mean square error channel estimation at the base stations are used to acquire channel state information. In the forward link, using maximal ratio transmission precoding, base stations send data to corresponding users. In this paper, first, a closed‐form expression for signal to interference and noise ratio and a lower bound on achievable rate are obtained for arbitrary number of base station antennas. Then, using random matrix theory, a simplified approximate expression for large number of base station antennas (i.e., massive MIMO scenario) are calculated. This simplified expression shows that in a multicell multiuser massive MIMO network with Rician flat fading, like Rayleigh fading, as the number of base station antennas goes to infinity, the effects of uncorrelated noise and intercell and intracell interferences tend to zero. The only factor limiting the performance of system is the correlated intercell interference, that is, pilot contamination, due to non‐orthogonality of channel training sequences in adjacent cells. Numerical results show that our obtained closed‐form expression is a good lower bound on sum‐rate for various system parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瑞利衰落时MIMO无线通信系统分集性能分析

针对多输入多输出（MIMO）无线通信系统提高系统性能的同时增加了系统的复杂度，提出了基于最大特征值传输的分集解决方案，在天线数量一定的情况下最大可能的提高系统的分集增益。对单输入多输出和多输入多输出的情况进行了数学分析，推导出了系统性能的变化范围，并且对分析的结果进行了数值仿真。     

On channel estimation in cell-free massive MIMO for spatially correlated channels with correlated shadowing under Rician fading

This work addresses channel estimation (CE) in the uplink phase for a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output system operating under the time division duplex protocol. Considering that, channels are spatially correlated under the Rician fading model, where the investigated model is composed of two components: deterministic and nondeterministic, with the deterministic component describing the line-of-sight paths and the nondeterministic component describing the non-line-of-sight paths. Additionally, we dealt with correlated shadow fading that represents the most realistic situation. On the other hand, this work introduces a dynamic cooperation cluster framework in which the user is not served with the whole network ( i.e., all access points [APs]) but only the APs that present the best channel conditions regarding that user. In other words, this work proposes partial CE for each user because only APs with the best channel conditions are allowed to compute channel estimates. Consequently, we proposed partial channel estimators that perform the CE process with low complexity, namely, a partial minimum mean square error estimator and a partial element-wise minimum mean square error estimator. In addition, a simple pilot assignment technique is proposed in order to reduce interference signals so that each user experiences low interference from other users. Furthermore, the computational complexity required by each estimator is derived, where it is represented by the number of complex multiplications that each estimator requires in each consistency block. Theoretical and simulated results are provided, where the performance of each estimator is evaluated and analyzed using the normalized mean-square error metric.     

和速率约束下衰落高斯MIMO广播信道的和功率优化

 本文研究了在系统和速率一定的条件下有着高斯噪声的衰落MIMO广播信道和功率最小化问题.该问题通常存在于无线通信系统动态资源分配中,是和功率约束下衰落MIMO下行链路和速率最大化的互补问题.首先利用MIMO MAC和MIMO BC的对偶性,将问题描述和转化为凸最优化问题,在此基础上,利用子梯度法和二分法,设计了相应的快速迭代的多用户注水算法,用于计算基站的发射功率.理论分析和数值仿真结果表明,该算法全局有效地收敛于最小的和功率.