粉煤灰气力输送喷射器的设计及应用

喷射器是一种特殊的流体机械,具有结构简单、易加工、工作可靠、无旋转部件、无泄漏等特点。文中将喷射器用于电厂粉煤灰气力输送上,给出了喷射器的设计方法。     

加压气固喷射器输送特性的试验研究

在增压气力输送系统试验装置上,对影响收缩型气固喷射器的工作特性的关键因素做了较详细的研究,试验研究结果表明,气体喷嘴位置和收缩段的收缩角对气固喷射器的最大固体输送量均有较大的影响,此外,气体喷嘴位置以及收缩段的收缩角对收缩型气固喷射器内的静压分布也均有一定的影响。     

加压气固喷射器内静压分布特性的试验研究

在增压气力输送系统试验装置上,对影响收缩型气固喷射器内静压分布特性的关键因素作了较深入地研究。试验研究结果表明,静压在气固喷射器收缩段入口处明显急剧上升。气固喷射器内静压随气体喷嘴位置S的增大而减小,而随收缩角α的增大而有所提高。提高气体喷嘴出口速度,气固喷射器内的最大静压值由喷射器收缩段入口处附近迁移至喷射器收缩段出口处附近。此外,气体喷嘴位置、收缩段的收缩角和输送风对收缩型气固喷射器内的静压分布的影响还与系统背压相关联。     

蒸汽喷射器的应用与运行

介绍了一、二级蒸汽喷射器汽水运行特点、噪音产生的原因及二级蒸汽喷射器在实际应用中的意义。对二级蒸汽喷射器的运行调节作了简单分析。     

太阳能喷射式制冷系统喷射器性能的三维数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件对太阳能喷射式制冷系统中的喷射器进行三维数值模拟,从影响喷射器性能的主要工作参数和喷射器的主要尺寸、结构等方面进行了数值计算。从数值模拟的研究中得出：流线型结构的喷射器能减弱混合过程中的回流现象;在超过某一值时继续增加工作流体的压力对喷射器性能没有改善;喷嘴出口和扩压管入口存在一定的距离会提高喷射器的性能;收缩段采用流线型的喷射器性能很接近四段都采用流线型的喷射器的性能,并且都能提高喷射器的性能。     

蒸汽喷射器效率优化方法及CFD分析

利用动量定理对蒸汽喷射器效率计算公式进行推导,得出蒸汽喷射器效率与喷射系数及混合速比的关系式.并利用CFD数值模拟方法,对不同的喷射器效率改进设计方法进行计算模拟研究.结果表明,在同等入口及出口参数条件下,对蒸汽喷射器结构参数的改进,可以提高喷射系数及喷射器效率.     

三喷嘴蒸汽喷射器振动分析

为分析三支管混合喷射器产生振动的位置及其影响范围,采用数值模拟方法,建立了 工业尺度喷射器三维计算模型,并用大涡模拟方法研究其内部流体的速度和压力分布.同时,探究振动处湍流的影响范围,在喷射器中、后段取三个点进行监测,并绘制三点处的速度和压力变化曲线.结果表明:喷射器在混合段产生强烈的湍流,压力变化幅度约为0.025 ...     

基于AMESim的电控汽油喷射器喷射仿真研究

电控汽油喷射器是汽车发动机电控汽油喷射系统中最关键、技术难度最大的部件。为研究电控汽油喷射器特性参数对其喷射效果的影响，采用工程系统仿真软件AMESim建立电控汽油喷射器喷射仿真系统模型，对其进行分析研究。为实现电控汽油喷射器的结构优化设计提供了依据。     

气体燃料喷射器静密封设计研究

气体物态为主的低碳或零碳燃料逐渐成为研究热点,氢气作为零碳燃料有广阔的应用前景。对于氢气来说,可燃范围很广,对其喷射器密封要求很高,必须对其密封性进行深入的研究。以平行圆板理论泄漏模型为基础,应用粗糙表面的平均流量模型和接触模型对气体燃料喷射器的静密封特性进行分析。比较了不同参数下对接触面表面粗糙度的设计要求,可为气体燃料喷射器密封面的设计和精密加工提供一定的参考。     

喷嘴可调式蒸汽喷射器的性能计算

基于气体动力学函数法,建立了的喷嘴可调式蒸汽喷射器的变工况性能计算模型。应用该模型得到了喷射器压缩蒸汽压力变化时,不同喷嘴喉口面积下喷射器性能的变化规律,为研究喷嘴可调式喷射器的变工况性能提供依据。结果表明:减小喷嘴喉口面积,喷射器的最佳工作点具有较高的喷射系数,同时该点的压缩蒸汽压力、压缩蒸汽温度较低;喷射器压缩蒸汽流量随喷嘴喉口面积减小而降低。     

On the validity of a design method for a solar-assisted ejector cooling system

A solar-assisted ejector cooling system is simulated in order to investigate the validity of a design methodology. Hourly simulation results allow for computing the solar fraction, in cases when the cooling capacity of the ejector cycle is kept constant during daily periods. The computed solar fraction is compared with estimates obtained from the method based on the utilizability concept. An equivalent minimum temperature for the utilizability of the solar system is found, which proves to be different, but close to, the vapor generator temperature of the ejector cycle. It is shown that the solar fraction derived from the utilizability concept based on the monthly means of the global solar radiation is applicable to solar-assisted ejector cooling cycles, in cases when the minimum temperature at which solar heat is supplied to the load is determined. Good agreement is found between the solar fraction results obtained from the simulations and those obtained by the method.     

匹配新能源电能并网的压缩空气储能站性能研究

  [目的]  压缩空气储能系统在电能释放环节依托节流降压阀进行调压的方法,存在较大的空气压力能损失,降低了压缩空气储能系统的能量转换效率。  [方法]  引入喷射调压理论,通过高压流体对低压流体的自动卷吸作用获得中压流体的方法来完成调压过程,减少由节流降压阀引起的压力能损失。在研究过程中,分别构建了融合“节流阀调压”、“固定式匹配器调压”以及“可调式匹配器调压”三种不同调压方式的压缩空气储能系统并进行了性能比较分析。  [结果]  研究结果表明:“固定式匹配器调压”方法与“可调式匹配器调压”方法通过压力能回收,使得首台膨胀机可做功气流总量分别增加了2%与4.1%,储能系统的能量转换效率也由节流阀调压储能系统的59.26%分别提升至59.60%与59.97%。  [结论]  性能优化后的压缩空气储能系统能够服务于新能源电能并网需求,通过储能站与新能源电能发电站形成联合体的方式,促进新能源电能的消纳。     

高温流体温度变化对液-气引射器内部汽化影响特性研究

为了揭示液-气引射器在工作流体温度较高时存在汽化的问题,通过建立液-气引射器三维模型,对不同温度工作流体引射器内部的流动状态进行了数值模拟,得到了引射器内部汽化的时变规律,明确了不同工作流体温度对引射器内部汽化的影响。研究表明,工作流体的温度越高,汽化现象越明显。该研究将为高温工作流体的液-气引射器的设计和安全运行提供了指导和参考。     

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Mixed Refrigerant Ejector Refrigeration Cycle Operating with Two Vapor-liquid Separators

A mixed refrigerant ejector refrigeration cycle operating with two-stage vapor-liquid separators(MRERC2) is proposed to obtain refrigeration temperature at-40℃. The thermodynamic investigations on performance of MRERC2 using zeotropic mixture refrigerant R23/R134 a are performed, and the comparisons of cycle performance between MRERC2 and MRERC1(MRERC with one-stage vapor-liquid separator) are conducted. The results show that MRERC2 can achieve refrigeration temperature varying between-23.9℃ and-42.0℃ when ejector pressure ratio ranges from 1.6 to 2.3 at the generation temperature of 57.3-84.9℃. The parametric analysis indicates that increasing condensing temperature decreases coefficient of performance(COP) of MRERC2, and increasing ejector pressure ratio and mass fraction of the low boiling point component in the mixed refrigerant can improve COP of MRERC2. The MRERC2 shows its potential in utilizing low grade thermal energy as driving power to obtain low refrigeration temperature for the ejector refrigeration cycle.     

Application of profiled ejector in chemical lasers

Recently, the use of profiled ejectors based on constant rate of momentum change [I.W. Eames, Applied Thermal Engineering 22 (2002) 121] along the mixing chamber has been proposed for enhancing the recovery ratio across an ejector stage by minimizing shock losses for application in ejector based refrigeration system. Such ejectors can achieve pressure recovery ratio in excess of 150, thus making the system a compact one. Chemical lasers in general and chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) in particular fall in the high power lasers category and find numerous applications in defense and industry. However, these lasers have not been exploited fully because these require pressure recovery systems for their operation and as such the practical systems are extremely voluminous and bulky. The profiled ejectors find direct applications in these lasers and thus can make the system extremely compact. The conventional supersonic COIL systems operate at a typical stagnation pressure of nearly 20 torr and a cavity static pressure of approximately 3 torr, which are amongst the lowest in the class of chemical lasers. Thus, a low-pressure operation of the laser system demands a high capacity vacuum system. Alternatively, efficient ejector based pressure recovery system has been utilized for achieving direct atmospheric exhaust of the lasing medium. However, a minimum of two-stage conventional supersonic ejectors need to be employed for the operation of the laser system. Multiple stages of the ejector are essential on account of the stagnation pressure loss occurring across a normal shock at the exit of the mixing chamber in each ejector stage. The present study presents a general treatment on the design of a profiled ejector for the case of dissimilar motive and suction fluids that are typical of these lasers. Also, determinations for the increase in recovery ratio for various conditions of entrainment ratio over the conventional ejectors have also been presented. Finally, a computational study using McCormack’s method for Euler system of equations has been carried out to numerically validate the analytical studies for a peripheral air ejector system suitable for a 500 W class COIL employing a flow rate of 3 gm/s with an entrainment ratio of 0.025. It has been concluded that a single-stage profiled ejector is sufficient to achieve atmospheric pressure recovery even in the low-pressure systems.     

Performance characteristics of the ejector refrigeration system based on the constant area ejector flow model

A theoretical analysis of the ejector refrigeration system based on the constant area ejector flow model is performed. Optimised results for R-123 are presented. It is determined that the variations in condenser and evaporator temperature have a greater effect on the optimum coefficient of performance (COP) than the variation in generator temperature. At the same operating temperatures of the ejector refrigeration system, the optimum COP and area ratio determined in this study using the constant area flow model are greater than the values given in the literature for the constant pressure flow model. For the same area ratio, the COP for the system with the constant pressure ejector is relatively higher than that with the constant area ejector. In this case, however, the condenser temperature should be lowered. In addition, the refrigeration systems have almost the same COP values at lower evaporator or higher condenser temperatures.     

Computational Analysis of a Variable Ejector Flow

The present study addresses a variable ejector which can improve the ejector efficiency and control the re-circulation ratio under a fixed operating pressure ratio. The variable ejector is a facility to obtain specific recirculation ratio under a given operating pressure ratio by varying the ejector throat area ratio. The numerical simulations are carried out to provide an understanding of the flow characteristics inside the variable ejector. The sonic and supersonic nozzles are adopted as primary driving nozzles in the ejector system, and a movable cone cylinder, inserted into a conventional ejector-diffuser system, is used to change the ejector throat area ratio. The numerical simulations are based on a fully implicit finite volume scheme of the compressible, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The results show that the variable ejector can control the recirculation ratio at a fixed operating pressure ratio.     

Performance improvement of absorption heat transformer

In this study, a mathematical model of absorption heat transformer (AHT) operating with the aqua/ammonia was developed to simulate the performance of these systems coupled to a solar pond in order to increase the temperature of the useful heat produced by solar ponds and used a special ejector located at the absorber inlet. By the use of the ejector, the obtained absorber pressure becomes higher than the evaporator pressure and thus the system works with triple-pressure-level. The ejector has two functions: (i) aids pressure recovery from the evaporator and (ii) upgrades the mixing process and the pre-absorption by the weak solution of the ammonia coming from the evaporator. The other advantage of the system with ejector is increased absorber temperature. Therefore, pressure recovery and pre-absorption in the ejector improves the efficiency of the AHT. Under the same circumstances, when compared to an AHT with and without an ejector, the system's COP and exergetic coefficient of performance (ECOP) were improved by 14% and 30%, respectively and the circulation ratio (f) was reduced by 57% at the maximum efficiency condition. Due to the reduced circulation ratio, the system dimensions can be reduced; consequently, this decreases overall cost. The maximum upgrading of the solar pond's temperature by the AHT was obtained at 57.5 °C and gross temperature lift at 97.5 °C with coefficients of performance of about 0.5. The maximum temperature of the useful heat produced by the AHT was 150 °C. In addition, exergy losses for each component in the system were calculated at different working temperatures and the results of both systems with and without an ejector were compared. Exergy analysis emphasised that both the losses and irreversibilities have an impact on the system performance and exergy analysis can be used to identify the less efficient components of the system. Exergy analyses also showed that the exergy loss of the absorber of AHT with ejector was higher than those of other components.     

Performance improvement of the vapour compression refrigeration cycle by a two‐phase constant area ejector

The performance of a vapour compression system that uses an ejector as an expansion device was investigated. In the analysis, a two‐phase constant area ejector flow model was used. R134a was selected as the refrigerant. According to the obtained results, for any operating temperature there are different optimum values of pressure drop in the suction chamber, ejector area ratio, ejector outlet pressure and cooling coefficient of performance (COP). As the difference between condenser and evaporator temperatures increases, the improvement ratio in COP rises whereas ejector area ratio drops. The minimum COP improvement ratio in the investigated field was 10.1%, while its maximum was 22.34%. Even in the case of an off‐design operation, the performance of a system with ejector is higher than that of the basic system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.