共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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随着现代食品工业的快速发展与人们健康饮食意识的普遍增强,凝胶食品因高含水量、低能量、口感宜人、质构特性独特等优点逐渐受到青睐。多糖和蛋白质是食品体系中广为存在的天然大分子,是食品凝胶结构设计的良好原料。有研究表明,多糖和蛋白质混合体系的相行为是决定两者混合凝胶微观结构及物理性质的主要因素。本文首先阐述了多糖和蛋白质双相混合体系的相行为及影响因素,随后总结了混合体系在构建食品凝胶结构中的设计原则。最后,以乳清蛋白和几种常见多糖的混合体系为例,证明蛋白质和多糖在食品凝胶结构设计方面的巨大潜力。 相似文献
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淀粉和蛋白质是食品体系中两种重要的组分,二者之间的相互作用对淀粉的结构、理化性质及淀粉基食品的质构特性和消化性能具有重要影响。近年来,关于外源蛋白质对混合体系中淀粉—蛋白质相互作用的影响及其应用研究成为食品领域的研究热点。文章综述了淀粉和蛋白质相互作用方式,蛋白质对淀粉理化性质(糊化特性、回生特性、流变学特性、热力学特性和质构特性)及淀粉—蛋白质混合体系微观结构的影响,总结了蛋白质对混合体系中淀粉体外消化性的调控作用及机制,综述了该体系在食品加工中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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食物结构是由食物的组成成分在多个空间尺度上的组织及其之间相互作用的结果。食物结构的不同会导致食物在质地、口感以及风味上存在差异。蛋白质与多糖作为食品中重要的生物聚合物,二者间的相互作用对食品品质以及功能特性具有重要作用,因此成为研究热点。本文对蛋白质与多糖混合时产生的相位分离、静电聚合和凝胶聚合物的性质以及相应的应用进行综述,旨在为蛋白质-多糖复合物的开发与应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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将可溶性多糖与黑豆蛋白进行复合可以改变蛋白的许多功能性质。采用荧光分析、圆二光谱检测超声处理对黑豆蛋白与可溶性多糖复合物蛋白的功能性质及结构的影响。结果表明,将黑豆蛋白与可溶性多糖以1∶2的比例混合时,复合物的乳化性最好,此时复合物乳液比较稳定。用不同超声时间处理上述复合物溶液,处理16 min的复合物的乳化性最好,处理8 min的复合物的乳化稳定性最佳。同时随着超声时间的延长,蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋含量上升,β-折叠下降,说明蛋白质的结构与功能性质有着密切关系。适当的超声处理可以改变黑豆蛋白与可溶性多糖复合物的结构,提高某些功能特性。 相似文献
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Nickolaos G Diftis Themis A Pirzas Vassilios D Kiosseoglou 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(5):804-808
Gelatin–pectin mixed solution incubated under mild alkaline conditions for a period of 4 h exhibited an improvement of emulsion stability in terms of both droplet coalescence and serum separation. Application of SDS–PAGE provided evidence for gelatin–pectin hybrid formation possibly due to amide bonds between the lysine group residues of protein and the esterified carboxyl groups of the polysaccharide. The superior stabilizing properties of the heat‐treated protein–polysaccharide conjugate is attributed to the enhancement of the repulsive steric forces operating between emulsion oil droplets, as a result of conjugate adsorption through their protein moiety. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Joice Aline Pires Vilela Ângelo Luiz Fazani CavallieriRosiane Lopes da Cunha 《Food Hydrocolloids》2011
The cold-set gelation of soy protein isolate (SPI)-gellan gum was induced by the addition of salts (KCl or CaCl2) using two different procedures: the direct addition of salts (fast gelation) or the diffusion of salts through a membrane (slow gelation). The mechanical properties, syneresis and microstructure of the mixed gels were evaluated, as well as for gellan and SPI gels. The mixed gels induced by calcium diffusion were stronger and more deformable than gels induced by the direct addition of calcium, while the opposite occurred for potassium-induced gels. All the mixed gels were macroscopically homogeneous, but at the microscopic level two independent networks could be observed. These two separate networks were more evident for the calcium-induced gels, and the structural characteristics depended strongly on the concentration of the protein and the polysaccharide. However an organized microstructure with the formation of microtubes surrounded by other network was only observed for the mixed gels induced by calcium diffusion at the higher protein/polysaccharide (10:1) ratio. Thus besides the composition and concentration of the biopolymers, the results showed that the type of salt and its velocity of incorporation led to gels with different structures and consequently different mechanical properties. 相似文献
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为了构建混合多糖凝胶的综合评价预测模型,该研究采用全质构分析法(TPA)和感官评价法对5种亲水胶体复配得到的25种混合多糖凝胶进行测定。结果表明,混合凝胶质构硬度与感官硬度、脆性呈极显著正相关;质构内聚性、咀嚼性与感官硬度、脆性、咀嚼性、弹性、总体可接受度呈极显著正相关;质构弹性与感官弹性、咀嚼性呈极显著正相关,而感官气味与质构指标均不相关。利用主成分分析法从混合凝胶的11个评价指标中提取出3个主成分,累计方差贡献率达到82.45%,建立了混合多糖凝胶的综合评价模型。根据综合评分结果知,当混合凝胶配方为k-卡拉胶0.8%、魔芋胶1.2%、低酰结冷胶0.4%、刺槐豆胶0.6%、海藻酸钠0.4%时,混合多糖凝胶的得分最高为1 476.17;而当混合凝胶中不添加k-卡拉胶时,综合评分最低为424.56。基于主成分分析得到的综合评价模型对混合多糖凝胶品质进行评价,可以客观的反映出混合多糖凝胶的品质。 相似文献
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Electrostatic gelation under benign conditions of mixed whey protein isolate–carboxymethylcellulose aqueous solutions of relatively low biopolymer concentration was effected following pH reduction from neutral to values between the protein pI and the polysaccharide pK. Small deformation dynamic rheometry (time and frequency sweep measurements) was applied to determine the gel point and characterize the gel structure. State diagrams of biopolymer solutions in absence or presence of Tween 40 were also constructed to assess the contribution of interactions other than ionic ones to the development of the mixed gel structure. The findings are discussed in terms of the attainment of a stoichiometric electrical charge equivalence as the pH was moved towards acidity. As a consequence, the biopolymer molecules carried equal but opposite charges and protein–polysaccharide interactions took place. Retention of selected orange aroma compounds as a result of gel matrix formation was also investigated by applying the Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction technique, followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The measurements indicated that a number of terpenic constituents of the orange oil were better retained in the matrix while the same was not observed in the case of the aldehydes. 相似文献