新型三元聚合物阻垢剂的合成及性能评价

在水溶液中,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)为反应单体,合成无磷聚合物(MA/MAC/SMAS)。探讨了阻垢剂投加量、阻垢实验温度对聚合物阻垢率的影响,在静态试验条件下评价了其对氧化铁的分散性能,用正交实验法确定了最佳合成条件:单体配比n(马来酸酐)∶n(丙烯酸甲酯)∶n(甲基丙烯磺酸钠)=1.5∶0.5∶0.1,引发剂用量为单体的10%(wt),反应温度为80℃,反应时间为3 h。结果表明:引发剂用量是影响聚合物阻垢率的主要因素,该聚合物具有良好的阻垢分散性,阻垢率高达90.1%,     

端羧基超支化聚酰胺阻垢剂的合成研究

以丙烯酸甲酯、二乙烯三胺为原料,甲醇为溶剂,采用ABx型单体自缩合法合成具有超支化聚酰胺基体HBP-NH2,通过丙烯酸钠对其进行端氨基改性,合成具有阻垢性能的端羧基超支化聚合物HBP-COOH。采用单因素法考察了单体反应时间、原料摩尔配比、缩聚反应时间、缩聚反应温度及丙烯酸钠投加量对阻垢效果的影响。得出最佳合成工艺:单体反应时间为4 h、n(MA)∶n(DETA)=1.5∶1、缩聚反应时间为4 h、缩聚反应温度100℃,n(SAA)∶n(—NH2)=3.5∶1。通过静态阻垢法对其阻垢性能进行初步评价,结果表明,HBP-COOH对Ca SO4具有良好的阻垢性能,当投加量为8 mg/L时,其对Ca SO4的阻垢率可达96.31%。     

马来酸酐/丙烯酸/丙烯酸甲酯共聚阻垢剂的合成及应用性能研究

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯为原料合成了新型三元共聚物阻垢分散剂,探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间等对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,得出了最佳合成条件:引发剂用量4%;n(马来酸酐):n(丙烯酸):n(丙烯酸甲酯)=2∶2∶1;反应温度70℃;反应时间3 h;得到的产品阻垢率为88.37%。并研究了水质条件及共聚物用量与阻垢性能之间的关系。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂喷淋石灰浆用阻垢剂的制备及性能

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,马来酸酐、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、苯乙烯磺酸钠为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了四元共聚物P(MA-AA-AM-SSS)。使用红外光谱法和核磁共振氢谱法对聚合物进行表征。研究了单体比例及引发剂用量对共聚物阻垢效果的影响,结果表明,马来酸酐、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、苯乙烯磺酸钠的物质的量比为2.5∶1.0∶1.0∶1.5时,引发剂质量分数为44%,共聚物阻垢效果最好,阻垢率为90.8%。     

一种新型无磷共聚物阻垢剂的研究

在水溶液中,以过硫酸铵为引发剂,衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为反应单体,合成了无磷共聚物(IA/AM/SMAS/MA)。通过正交实验确定了无磷共聚物合成的最佳合成条件。利用红外光谱对共聚物的结构进行了表征,采取静态阻垢的方法评价了阻垢剂阻碳酸钙生成的性能。结果表明:当单体配比n(衣康酸)/n(丙烯酰胺)/n(甲基丙烯磺酸钠)/n(丙烯酸甲酯)=4∶3∶2∶3,引发剂用量为单体的10%(wt),反应温度为90℃,反应时间为4 h。此条件下合成的阻垢剂的阻垢率可以达到88.6%。     

聚合物分子量对其阻垢分散性能的影响

以苯乙烯磺酸钠、丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯为单体合成了一系列不同分子量的聚合物,探讨了分子量对阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢,分散氧化铁、锌盐的影响.结果表明：随着分子量的增大,聚合物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙的抑制能力增加,但当聚合物的浓度较大时,分子量对性能的影响减小.     

AA-SAS共聚物的合成及其阻垢性能

以水为溶剂、过硫酸盐为引发剂,以丙烯酸(AA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体,合成了丙烯酸-烯丙基磺酸钠(AA-SAS)共聚物阻垢剂。探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量、反应体系温度和分子量调节剂对聚合物阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,共聚物对磷酸钙阻垢作用具有阈值效应,当用量大于12mg/L时,阻垢率约为99%。     

水基钻井液降粘剂JNG-1的合成与性能评价

以苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）为原料,合成了SSS/AM/AA共聚物降粘剂,并对其在泥浆中的降粘性能进行了评价。最佳合成方案为：n（苯乙烯磺酸钠）∶n（AM）∶n（AA）=2∶1∶4,单体质量为15%,反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,引发剂用量为2%。在此条件下,合成的聚合物降粘剂结构和预计的结构一致,具有较好的抗温能力,在盐浓度为30%的盐水泥浆中,降粘率为62.71%。     

MA-MAC-VA共聚阻垢剂的合成及性能研究

以马来酸酐、丙烯酸甲酯和乙酸乙烯酯为原料合成了一种阻垢剂,通过正交实验法确定了最佳的合成条件:n(MA)∶n(VA)∶n(MAC)=1∶1.2∶0.2,引发剂含量为7%,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为7h。该条件下合成的阻垢剂对硫酸钡垢的最大阻垢率为97.81%。同时研究了温度、加量、时间等因素对阻垢性能的影响。     

MA/MAC/AA/AMPS高效共聚物阻垢剂的制备

在工业生产中,冷却水循环系统的结垢会导致生产效率降低、生产成本增加以及生产不能正常进行,而加入阻垢剂是解决这一难题的有效、经济、简便的方法。因此,以马来酸(MA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MAC)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,水为溶剂,过硫酸钾作为引发剂合成了一种新型四元共聚物阻垢剂。研究了不同聚合条件下生成共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。结果表明,在单体摩尔n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(AMPS)∶n(MAC)=8∶5∶3∶4,在引发剂质量为单体总质量的7.5%,反应温度85℃,反应时间3h条件下,共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢效率达94.5%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.