动态疲劳荷载对路面砼不同部位抗渗性影响

针对路面水泥混凝土在动态疲劳荷载作用下不同部位的抗渗性能劣化规律展开研究。选取高(80%)、中(50%)、低(30%)3个应力水平,1h、2h、3h、4h4个作用时间,利用RCM法测定氯离子扩散系数,深入分析了动态疲劳荷载作用下路面混凝土抗渗耐久性劣化机理。研究发现在疲劳荷载作用下,受压部位路面混凝土的抗渗性劣化存在三阶段劣化的机制,即压密阶段、发展阶段和过压阶段;受拉部位路面混凝土的抗渗性劣化存在三阶段变化的过程,即初期发展阶段和稳定阶段及快速增长阶段;在不同应力水平的动态疲劳荷载作用下,受压部位路面混凝土在最佳密实状态下,其抗渗性能较初始提高值为30%~40%。     

定侧压混凝土双轴变幅拉-压疲劳累积损伤研究

为了调查混凝土在双轴拉-压交变荷载作用下的疲劳性能和累积损伤规律,利用改造的MTS疲劳试验机对变截面棱柱体混凝土试件进行了定侧压下轴心拉-压单级等幅和多级高-低、低-高变幅疲劳试验．总结了实测等幅与变幅疲劳应变与变形模量的衰减规律,基于疲劳变形模量定义了损伤变量,拟合试验结果得到了两阶段的损伤演化方程,依据损伤演变与损伤状态、加载条件间的相关性,建立了相应的疲劳累积损伤模型,并给出了利用本文模型进行疲劳损伤分析和剩余寿命预测的方法．模型预测的剩余寿命与实际试验结果的对比验证了模型的精度与有效性．     

道路再生骨料混凝土三轴强度及损伤分析

为探究道路再生骨料对混凝土的多轴受压强度及损伤演变性能的影响,考虑两种类型粗骨料及6种围压值,设计完成了12组混凝土的常规三轴试验研究.通过试验,观察并对比了试件在单向轴压与三向轴压下破坏形态,获取了各围压荷载下试件的峰值应力、峰值应变,分析了三轴荷载作用下再生混凝土强度影响因素,并揭示了再生混凝土的损伤演变规律.研究结果表明:在围压荷载作用下,试件破坏形态发生了较大改变,骨料类型对试件破坏形态影响不大;围压值=0 MPa时,试件发生劈裂破坏;围压值0 MPa时,发生具有一定延性的剪切斜压破坏;侧向围压荷载越大,再生混凝土的强度越大,变形能力越好;侧向围压荷载可有效约束再生混凝土损伤的发展,并延迟了初始损伤出现的时间.     

初始各向异性对软土强度与变形的影响试验研究

通过压缩试验、无侧限抗压强度试验以及三轴固结不排水试验,对海积软土初始各向异性影响土体强度与变形进行了试验研究.结果表明:在一维压缩试验中,海积软土垂直方向的压缩变形最小,水平方向的变形最大,而45°斜方向的变形介于两者之间;在三轴压缩试验中,海积软土的应力-应变关系都呈现应变硬化,垂直方向的峰值强度最强,45°斜方向最弱,水平方向的强度介于两者之间.在此基础上,对其进行了机理分析,研究成果对工程实践有一定的指导意义.     

静动组合荷载下混凝土高温后的双轴动态力学性能

由于试验的复杂性,高温后混凝土在复杂应力状态下的动态力学性能研究一直较少,但在建筑物火灾和国防军事防护工程中,混凝土结构多处于多轴应力和冲击荷载的共同作用下.为研究静动组合荷载下混凝土高温后双轴动态力学性能,采用真三轴静、动力综合加载试验系统,使用真三轴试验机预先施加双轴轴压,再利用SHPB试验装置,分别对常温(25℃...     

单轴受压下再生混凝土的损伤特性研究

利用超声检测技术,以超声波波速的衰减来度量损伤,对单轴受压条件下不同再生粗骨料取代率再生混凝土的损伤进行实时超声试验。通过试验研究了不同再生粗骨料取代率下再生混凝土损伤随单轴压应力的变化规律.试验结果表明再生粗骨料取代率对单轴压应力下混凝土损伤影响显著,且不应忽视混凝土在极限压应力以前的损伤。在考虑单轴压应力、再生混凝土初始强度影响因素下,建立了再生混凝土损伤关系模型。     

真三轴加载条件下混凝土的力学特性

采用真三轴设备对100mm×100mm×100mm的立方体混凝土试块进行静态加载。首先,保持三个轴向的应力相同,施加应力到设计值p。然后,在保持最小主应力(Z轴)恒定并且X轴应变速率与Y轴应变速率之比也恒定的条件下,单调地增加Y轴应变。通过这种复杂加载试验,研究了混凝土的强度和体积特征。结果表明:在应力-应变混合路径加载的真三轴试验下,混凝土的抗压强度随着最小主应力的增大而增大,随着加载应变速率比的增大而线性递减,都大于单轴抗压强度,最高可达单轴抗压强度的3.4倍;混凝土试块在只经历静水压的加载历史时,初始剪切模量不受影响,不同组剪应力-剪应变关系曲线初始段都存在重合现象。峰值体积应变随着最小主应力和应变速率比的增大而增大,体积先减小后增大,出现扩容现象;当最小主应力为10MPa时,混凝土的峰值强度和峰值体积压应变几乎同时出现,并随着最小主应力的增大,两者出现的时间间隔增大,峰值体应变滞后。     

圆钢管约束高强混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能

为研究圆钢管约束高强混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能,进行6个短柱试件在循环轴压荷载作用下的试验研究.试验中的主要参数为钢管径厚比(26和42).试验结果表明,圆钢管约束高强混凝土短柱的轴压承载力高于同条件的普通钢管混凝土构件,但两种构件的延性无显著差异;随钢管中纵向应力的降低,构件的轴压承载力提高.对构件的应力分析结果表明,圆钢管约束高强混凝土轴压短柱中,钢管对核心混凝土的约束效果高于普通钢管混凝土构件;钢管约束高强混凝土轴压短柱的峰值荷载点对应于钢管的屈服点.     

高温后普通混凝土材料复杂力学特性

目的 对高温后混凝土三轴受压强度及应变进行分析,解决高温混凝土结构设计以及火灾后结构评价和加固问题.方法 通过对普通混凝土高温100 ～650℃后三轴压试验,研究不同应力比和温度条件下混凝土的抗压强度及所对应的峰值应变,并与混凝土单轴试验的力学性能进行对比分析.结果高温后混凝土三轴受压强度及应变峰值均比同温度下的单轴试验结果有显著增加.混凝土极限抗压强度随着温度的增高逐渐降低.最大抗压强度发生在σ2/σ3=0.5左右.在σ1/σ3不大时,中间主应力σ2对极限抗压强度的影响不能忽略.结论 应力比和温度对混凝土强度存在很大影响,在八面体应力空间建立了混凝土高温后三轴压强度准则,可以为复杂应力状态下高温后混凝土的力学分析提供试验和理论基础.     

混凝土疲劳损伤的强度和刚度衰减试验研究

首先进行了混凝土在单级和两级等幅轴压重复应力作用下的高周疲劳试验;其次,根据混凝土疲劳损伤发展的三阶段普遍规律,从工程实际应用出发,定义了单有和两级等幅疲劳剩余静载极限强度和刚度衰减率的表达式;然后由试验数据得到了相应加载等级剩余静载极限强度和刚度衰减率的经验公式;最后将上述公式推广混凝土的多级等幅疲劳加载。     

Experimental Study on Performance of Plain Concrete Due to Triaxial Variable-Amplitude Tension-Compression Cyclic Loading

An experimental study on performance of plain concrete under triaxial constant-amplitude and variable amplitude tension- compression cyclic loadings was carded out. The low level of the cyclic stress is 0. 2f and the upper level ranges between 0. 20f and 0. 55f., while the constant lateral pressure is 0. 3 f . The specimen failure mode, the three-stage evolution rule of the longitudinal strains and the damage evolution law under cyclic loading were analyzed. Furthermore, Miner＇s rule is proved not to be applicable to the cyclic loading conditions, hereby, a nonlinear cumulative damage model was established. Based on the model the remaining fatigue life was evaluated. The comparison whh the experiment resuhs shaws that the model is of better precision and applicability.     

三轴卸荷条件下煤体力学特性和能量耗散演化

孤岛工作面煤体和巷道受周边开采扰动影响,煤体受循环荷载作用存在卸荷力学行为而表现出动态破坏特性.为探讨不同路径下煤体力学特性,利用TAW-2000三轴电液伺服刚性试验机分别进行常规三轴(T)、三轴循环荷载(TC)以及相应卸围压试验(TU、TCU),分析不同围压下煤体卸围压强度、变形、声发射事件以及能量耗散演化特征,开展...     

Statistical damage constitutive model for concrete materials under uniaxial compression

According to the damage mechanism of concrete material during the uniaxial compressive failure process,this paper further establishes the statistical damage constitutive model of concrete subjected to uniaxial compressive stress based on the statistical damage model under uniaxial tension. The damage evolution law in the direction subjected to pressure is confirmed by the tensile damage evolution process of lateral deformation due to the Poisson effect,and then the compressive stress-strain relationship is defined. The peak nominal stress state and the critical state occurring in the macro longitudinal distributed splitting cracks are distinguished. The whole loading process can be divided into the even damage phase and the local breakage phase. The concrete specimen is divided into the failure process zone and the resting unloading zone. The size effects during the local breakage phase under the uniaxial monotonic compressive process and the hysteretic phenomenon under the cyclic compressive loading process are analyzed. Finally,the comparison between theoretical results and experimental results preliminarily verifies the rationality and feasibility of understanding the failure mechanism of concrete through the statistical damage constitutional law.     

Mechanical property and permeability of raw coal containing methane under unloading confining pressure

Based on domestic-developed triaxial servo-controlled seepage equipment for thermal–hydrological–mechanical coupling of coal containing methane, an experimental study was carried out to investigate mechanical property and gas permeability of raw coal, under the situation of conventional triaxial compression and unloading confining pressure tests in different gas pressure conditions. Triaxial unloading confining pressure process was reducing confining pressure while increasing axial pressure. The research results show that, compared with the peak intensity of conventional triaxial loading, the ultimate strength of coal samples of triaxial unloading confining pressure was lower, deformation under loading was far less than unloading, dilation caused by unloading was more obvious than loading. The change trend of volumetric strain would embody change of gas permeability of coal, the permeability first reduced along with volumetric strain increase, and then raised with volume strain decrease, furthermore, the change trends of permeability of coal before and after destruction were different in the stage of decreasing volume strain due to the effect of gas pressure. When gas pressure was greater, the effective confining pressure was smaller, and the radial deformation produced by unloading was greater. When the unloading failed confining pressure difference was smaller, coal would be easier to get unstable failure.     

卸围压条件下花岗岩强度特性及三维裂隙演化规律

为研究卸围压条件下花岗岩强度特性和三维裂隙演化规律,对花岗岩开展了常规三轴压缩、卸围压-加轴压和分级卸围压-加轴压循环加卸载3种不同应力路径力学试验,获得对应的轴、径向应力-应变曲线;采用CT扫描三维重构技术获得岩石卸围压过程中和破坏后内部裂隙分布三维图像.结果表明:相对于常规三轴压缩试验,试件在卸荷条件下脆性破坏特征更加显著,分级卸围压-加轴压循环加卸载会增大花岗岩的峰后延性,降低破坏轴压和破坏剧烈程度;两种卸围压方案都会使花岗岩的承载能力降低30%左右;卸荷作用下花岗岩宏观破裂为拉剪组合状,拉剪过渡不明显,表观裂隙是内部裂隙向外扩展的结果;花岗岩在卸荷作用下峰前产生的裂隙量较少,大量裂隙在峰后产生,破裂具有突发性和瞬时性,围压较低时宏观裂隙首先在试件边缘产生,围压较高时宏观裂隙首先在试件中部产生.     

常吸力下非饱和土水-力耦合循环塑性的模拟

为描述非饱和黏性土在静、动态荷载作用下的应力-应变特征及水-力耦合效应,在塑性增量流动理论的框架内建立一个描述常吸力条件下非饱和黏性土水-力耦合效应的弹塑性双面模型.基于BBM(Barcelona basic model)及Li和Meissner提出的一种塑性硬化准则,并考虑非饱和土的典型土水特征,通过边界面和加载面在...     

不同减摩条件下变长度活性粉末混凝土的三轴试验研究

使用常规三轴实验,对同一直径（43.6 mm）、4种长径比（0.5、1、2和3）的素活性粉末混凝土（RPC）圆柱试样,在保持围压恒定的条件下单调地施加轴向压缩应变. 试样两端采用3种减摩条件：直接与金属压头接触（条件A）,分别垫有2层0.1 mm厚聚四氟乙烯薄膜（条件B）,分别垫有层间涂润滑脂的3层0.1 mm厚聚四氟乙烯薄膜（条件C）. 每一档围压对应一种加载路径：长径比为0.5、1.0和3.0的试样,采用两档围压（5、70 MPa）;长径比为2.0的试样,采用5档围压（0、5、20、35、70 MPa）. 试验结果表明：在同围压、同长径比的条件下,条件B试样与条件C试样的强度及破坏模式相近;当围压为5 MPa,长径比小于2.0时,不同长径比的条件A试样与条件C试样在抗压强度上均有明显差异,但这2种减摩条件所表现的强度与长径比之间关系正好相反;当围压为70 MPa时,条件A试样的抗压强度有尺寸效应,条件C试样无显著的尺寸效应. 围压的增加显著地约束了裂纹的扩展.     

高地应力下砂岩力学参数和波速变化规律试验研究

基于波动方程,提出一种砂岩的纵波波速与静水围压关系的数学模型。在岩石常规三轴试验的基础上得到不同静水围压下砂岩的静弹性模量、静泊松比和纵波波速,并分别拟合得到静弹性模量-静水围压和静泊松比-静水围压关系的拟合曲线和拟合公式。试验结果表明,砂岩的静弹性模量和静泊松比随静水围压的增大而增加,且静弹性模量增加速率缓慢减少。基于波动方程求解得到纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型,利用数学模型计算得到的纵波波速可知,砂岩的纵波波速随静水围压的增大而增大,且增加速率逐渐变缓。计算得到的纵波波速与试验测得的纵波波速进行对比验证,误差范围为7.0%~8.3%,故基于波动方程求解的砂岩纵波波速-静水围压关系的数学模型可靠性和准确性较高,对高地应力下岩石的物理力学参数和波速变化规律的分析判定具有指导意义。     

高性能混凝土简支梁正截面的抗弯疲劳性能

通过10根三分点加载方式下的简支梁抗弯静力和疲劳试验,研究了不同混凝土强度等级、不同钢筋类型和不同荷载水平对高性能混凝土梁正截面疲劳性能的影响。通过分析梁跨中挠度、压区混凝土应变和拉区钢筋应变以及梁裂缝的发展规律,考察了高性能混凝土梁在弯曲重复荷载作用下的疲劳损伤过程。结合高性能混凝土和钢筋的材料疲劳损伤分析,提出了高性能混凝土梁疲劳寿命方程和疲劳后梁挠度的计算公式,并将理论计算的疲劳寿命、挠度与试验结果进行了比较,最后对比分析了高性能混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁抗弯疲劳性能的差异。     

Simulation of Fatigue Stiffness Degradation in Prestressed Concrete Beams under Cyclic Loading

In order to investigate and research the fatigue cracking of prestressed concrete fatigue properties and loading and stiffness degeneration process,cyclic loading tests were carried out on six prestressed concrete beams and the stiffness degradation under fatigue was investigated. A simulation model of stiffness degradation is proposed based on the stiffness analysis of the fatigue-damaged section. The elastic modulus of damaged concrete and the effective residual area of steel were introduced as well as an adjusted three-stage concrete fatigue damage evolution model. The strip method was used to analyze concrete damage due to changing stress along the depth of the beam section. The simulation and test results were compared and a method of predicting fatigue deflection was presented based on the simulation model. The predicted results were compared with that of the neural network method. It is in good agreement for the simulation results with the test results. It is only less than 5% error for the simulation model which can reveal the two-stage degradation of prestressed concrete beams under cyclic loading. It is more precise for the simulation prediction method under proper conditions.