电机扫膛故障分析及其维修

分析三相异步电动机常见的扫膛故障,介绍一些电机故障的诊断方法和维修措施。     

Distinguishing Load Torque Oscillations and Eccentricity Faults in Induction Motors Using Stator Current Wigner Distributions

This paper proposes a novel diagnosis method for detection and discrimination of two typical mechanical failures in induction motors by stator current analysis: load torque oscillations and dynamic rotor eccentricity. A theoretical analysis shows that each fault modulates the stator current in a different way: torque oscillations lead to stator current phase modulation, whereas rotor eccentricities produce stator current amplitude modulation. The use of traditional current spectrum analysis involves identical frequency signatures with the two fault types. A time–frequency analysis of the stator current with the Wigner distribution leads to different fault signatures that can be used for a more accurate diagnosis. The theoretical considerations and the proposed diagnosis techniques are validated on experimental signals.      

Interbar currents and axial fluxes in healthy and faulty induction motors

Nearly 10% of all failures in cage induction motors occur on the rotor. In previous works, it has been shown that the interbar currents exist in healthy and faulty squirrel-cage induction motors. The majority of techniques detecting bar failures depend on detecting twice the slip-frequency modulation harmonic in the speed, torque, or stator current by analyzing the appropriate frequency spectrum and neglecting the interbar currents. However, the interbar currents create axial fluxes through the rotor shaft. In this paper, a three-dimensional magnetic equivalent circuit method is presented for the analysis of this phenomenon. Effects of the interbar currents on the broken rotor bar currents, and transient behavior of induction motor are also presented. Theoretical findings have been verified through experiments.     

Motion of an imbalanced rotor when it rubs against the stator

We consider the problem of a turbine rotor rolling over the stator due to the occurrence of certain imbalance, e.g., when a blade breaks away. Catastrophic failures of rotors caused by their imbalance are analyzed, physical and mathematical models for the occurrence of rolling phenomenon are constructed, and the main factors determining the dynamic behavior of rotor during this phenomenon are analyzed.     

大型汽轮发电机故障特征规律的研究

介绍了大型汽轮发电机现场故障特征规律分析研究的结果,给出了大型汽轮发电机的静子断水,静子漏水,转子漏水、静子线圈过热,静子绝缘损坏,静子接地,转子一点接地、转子绕组匝间短路、转子不平衡、轴承油膜振荡、轴瓦损坏、机座外壳振动等１２种常见故障的模式与后果,特征信号,特兆和诊断规则,以及基于可靠性理论的发电机常见故障发生概率的计算公式。文中使用的电气信号,振动信号以及水或氢冷却子系统和润滑子系统的液压等     

异步电动机定转子故障检测的交互影响

研究了异步电动机定转子故障检测的交互影响问题。从电磁感应角度揭示出转子故障影响定子故障检测的原因,即转子故障导致定子电流出现边频分量,在其调制作用之下,常规定子电流负序分量算法的计算结果将出现“负序分量”,而定子电流负序分量是定子故障的典型特征。从电磁感应角度讨论了定子故障对转子故障检测的影响问题,并对该影响做了定量分析,指出匝间短路故障确实导致定子电流出现边频分量,而定子电流边频分量是转子故障的典型特征,因此在理论上定子故障将影响转子故障的检测;但轻微甚至某些严重匝间短路故障所导致的定子电流边频分量幅值远远小于转子故障所导致的定子电流边频分量,实际上并不会对转子故障检测产生影响。     

永磁同步电机定转子合装工艺的研究及应用

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)定转子合装时容易吸附在一起导致定子绕组和轴承擦伤等问题,分析了定转子相吸的具体原因,提出一种简单实用的定转子合装工艺方案,并通过现场试装验证了该方案的可行性。最后将PMSM定转子合装工艺进行了推广应用,不但解决了绕组、轴承擦伤等问题,提升电机装配质量,而且大幅度提升了电机装配效率。     

全复式定子和转子落料模具的研究

介绍了电机全复式定子冲片和转子圆片一次冲压成型的落料工艺,通过阶梯冲实现定子内外圆、定子槽型、转子内外圆的分离。该工艺关键点在于转子凸凹模,其既是刃口又是卸料板,全部采用模具钢制造。整个冲裁过程仅需一道工序即可完成,生产效率大幅提高,节省了人力,降低了生产成本,提高了定子冲片精度。     

屏蔽电泵转子旋压套压入间隙的确定

定、转子屏蔽套与定、转子铁心压入后的配合间隙,是关系到屏蔽电泵定、转子制造质量的重要因素.定、转子旋压屏蔽套压入间隙的合理确定,它对于减少高温高压屏蔽电泵的振动噪声,减少定、转子椭圆度,有利于保证圆柱度和定、转子间机械间隙的有效性,提高高温高压屏蔽电泵的制造质量和使用寿命有重要影响.     

无刷双馈电机谐波铜耗与铁耗的分析与计算

针对无刷双馈电机谐波含量高、谐波损耗大的问题,提出考虑谐波磁场、谐波电流、集肤效应和旋转磁化影响的BDFM损耗计算模型.基于二维场路耦合时步有限元模型和谐波分析方法,分别建立两种转子铜耗计算模型和三种定转子铁耗计算模型,分析不同计算模型对转子铜耗和定转子铁耗的影响,得到定转子谐波铜耗和铁耗的变化规律.结果表明,转子铜耗模型2以及定转子铁耗模型3更精确;随着控制绕组电压的增加,定转子铜耗先减小后增加,定转子铁耗持续增加;随着负载转矩的增加,定转子铜耗和铁耗均随之增加.通过与一台相似异步电机铜耗和铁耗的电磁设计数据和实验数据的比较,验证了模型与计算结果的正确性.     

Detection of Winding Faults in Wound Rotor Induction Motor Using Loci of Direct and Quadrature Axes of Rotor Currents

In this paper, loci of direct and quadrature axis of rotor currents are used for online detection of winding fault on stator side as well as rotor side in three-phase wound rotor induction motor. The proposed technique is used for detecting load on induction motor and open circuit fault condition on stator side as well as rotor side. Detection of winding fault is affected by unbalanced supply voltage. In order to overcome this problem, FFT of modulus of direct and quadrature axis is used. The experimental results of rotor current analysis are validated with stator current analysis. Research works reported in the literature are based on stator currents analysis. The proposed technique of detecting winding faults and distinguishing between stator winding faults and unbalanced supply voltage using rotor current is not reported in the literature.     

基于自适应观测器的感应电机转速估计方法研究

介绍了一种能在线补偿定转子电阻的基于自适应观测器的感应电机转速估计方法.该转速估计方法只需检测定子电压电流作为输入,利用观测器观测出转子磁链和定子电流,并利用定子电流误差和转子磁链观测值辨识出转速、定子电阻和转子电阻,并反馈于观测器,确保电机转速估计对参数变化的鲁棒性.仿真及实验结果表明,此方法估计的速度能应用于无速度传感器矢量控制系统,并具有较好的辨识精度和鲁棒性.     

Sliding mode observer for on-line broken rotor bar detection

The major task for any monitoring system is to detect upcoming faults as early as possible. Rotor failures are responsible for a large percentage of total induction motor failures. Thus, a new nonintrusive and in-service approach has been proposed in this paper to detect one broken rotor bar in induction motor using only input quantities information. The method is not affected by the type of load and other asymmetries and it is capable of providing reliable fault diagnose without maintenance specialist intervention. The proposed sensorless technique is based on two real time state space discrete models that are used to estimate the flux of both the stator and the rotor and analyzes the differences obtained in torque when the two models are employed. One of the observers was designed for rotor resistance disturbance rejection. Firstly, simulation results have been conducted and sensitivity and robustness also have been checked for the proposed method. Secondly, an experimental setup has been constructed to implement the new technique in on-line model. The results obtained validate the proposed model and show the reliability of the new method.     

行波超声波电机瞬态特性的测试及分析

瞬态响应特性是超声波电机的一项重要性能指标。通过主要由光电编码器和数字示波器组成的测试系统,对直径60mm行波超声波电机的瞬态响应特性进行测试,测得超声波电机启动和断电自锁时定子振动和转速变化的过程。利用测试数据和建立定、转子接触面上力的传递、转子内力的传递、定、转子振动耦合特性等力学模型,对行波超声波电机的瞬态特性进行理论分析。这些分析为超声波电机的深入研究提供了理论依据。     

超超临界机组发电机定子和转子接地保护方案

分析了传统发电机定子和转子接地保护应用在超超临界机组上的不足,在此基础上提出了更加完善的定子和转子接地保护方案,建议采用注入式定子接地保护和注入式转子接地保护原理,实现不受发电机运行工况影响的定转子绝缘检测。     

Online estimation of the stator parameters in an induction motorusing only voltage and current measurements

This paper proposes a set of algorithms for stator parameter online estimation (stator resistance, stator inductance, and leakage inductance) of an induction motor using neither the rotor speed nor the rotor resistance. The estimation procedure is only based on stator current and voltage measurements. The algorithm performance is tested using simulation and experimental data from a commercial 15 kW induction motor     

环形行波超声波电机面接触分析及转子结构优化设计

考虑转子的柔性变形,建立了环形行波超声波电机定转子三维面接触模型,分析了定子的振动、定转子的法向接触以及切向摩擦,研究了定转子间的面接触特性及电机的转矩-转速特性。结果显示：由于转子的柔性变形,定转子间的接触区域形状是不规则的,接触压力沿径向分布是不均匀的。通过将样机转矩-转速特性的理论计算值与试验测量值进行对比,验证了三维面接触模型。在此基础上,基于三维面接触模型,分析柔性转子结构参数变化对定转子最大接触压力及电机转矩-转速特性的影响,根据分析结果对转子结构进行优化,实现了定转子间的最大接触压力明显下降,并使电机的转矩-转速特性得以明显提升。     

考虑定子齿结构的行波超声波电机接触摩擦模型

本文分析了定子的振动、定转子的法向接触和切向摩擦,考虑了定子齿结构,采用解析法建立了环形行波超声波电机定转子接触摩擦模型。基于所建立的模型,分析了定子表面质点与转子间的接触时间和切向摩擦力以及电机的转矩-转速特性。此外,也对考虑定子齿结构和忽略定子齿结构的模型计算结果进行对比,结果显示,在相同的预压力下,考虑定子齿结构时,定子表面质点与转子的接触时间比忽略定子齿结构时要长,而且转矩-转速特性的计算结果要低于忽略定子齿结构时的计算结果。最后,将理论计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,考虑定子齿结构时的计算结果比忽略定子齿结构时更接近实验值,说明考虑定子齿结构的接触摩擦模型能准确地反映定转子间的接触和摩擦特性。     

零速和低速下永磁同步电机转子位置估测方法

基于转子凸极追踪的思想。在永磁同步电机定子绕组注入高频电压，对提取的电流进行坐标变换，获得转子位置信息。将该信息送入特别设计的转子位置估测器中，可以得到转子的精确位置。设计转子他置估测器的结构和算法，对其进行仿真研究，仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性。     

零速和低速下永磁同步电机转子位置估测方法

基于转子凸极追踪的思想,在永磁同步电机定子绕组注入高频电压,对提取的电流进行坐标变换,获得转子位置信息。将该信息送入特别设计的转子位置估测器中,可以得到转子的精确位置。设计转子位置估测器的结构和算法,对其进行仿真研究,仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性。