芯片毛细管电泳技术的应用与进展

介绍了目前芯片毛细管电泳的主要分离技术:芯片毛细管区带电泳、芯片毛细管凝胶电泳、芯片胶束电动色谱、芯片毛细管电色谱及多相层流无膜扩散分离.芯片毛细管电泳的研究已经取得了很大的进展,研制出了多种微型化、集成化的芯片,多种分离技术在芯片上的开发应用,显示出芯片毛细管电泳技术在众多分析领域会有广阔的发展前景.     

Pulsed UV Laser-Induced Stationary Capillary Vibration for Highly Sensitive and Direct Detection of Capillary Electrophoresis

A stationary wave of the capillary vibration effect was successfully induced by a series of short laser pulses. This wave could be applied to highly sensitive detection of capillary electrophoresis as well as the already reported capillary vibration induced by an intensity-modulated CW laser (CVL effect). Generally, pulses with much shorter width than the period of the natural frequency of the vibrating system cannot induce a standing vibration. However, utilizing the time constant of CVL determined by heat dissipation time, we found conditions which could induce a stable stationary wave of the capillary by a series of nanosecond light pulses. We used the KrF excimer laser operated at 248 nm with a pulse width of 60 ns and output of ～10 μJ/pulse as the CVL excitation source and applied it to highly sensitive detection of nonderivatized amino acids at the femtomole level. The sensitivity was at least 2 orders of magnitude superior to that of a commercially available UV absorbance detector. This technique extends the CVL's spectral regions. For example, in the UV region, where many biological materials have significant absorption bands, this technique will extend analytical applications in capillary electrophoresis by eliminating the need for a derivatization process.     

密胺餐具中甲醛、重金属的迁移量研究及风险分析

目的 研究餐具的使用和清洗方法对餐具中甲醛、重金属迁移量的影响,降低消费者的使用风险。方法 通过研究密胺餐具经过极端不当条件使用后甲醛迁移量的变化和有、无图案印刷密胺餐具的重金属迁移量,对各种条件下密胺餐具的使用方式进行风险评估。结果 经过微波炉使用（中火）、钢丝球擦洗（10次）、模拟蒸煮温度使用（100 ℃）后,密胺餐具的甲醛迁移量均显著增高。食品接触面有图案印刷和无图案印刷密胺餐具中的重金属（As,Pb,Cd）迁移量变化不大,均低于国家标准要求。结论 不正确的使用密胺餐具,如微波炉使用、反复利器擦洗、蒸煮使用后,甲醛迁移量均会明显增大,甚至超过标准限量值,造成极大的安全隐患,存在极高风险。     

Validation of a Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Method for Determination of Rimantadine Hydrochloride in Rimantadin100 Tablets and the Method Application to Dissolution Test Monitoring

A capillary zone electrophoretic method with indirect UV‐detection for determination of rimantadine, an antiviral drug against influenza A, in tablets was validated. Instrumental precision, the method precision, accuracy, calibration curve linearity, selectivity, robustness, and time stability of the sample and the standard were tested. The method was also applied to monitor dissolution tests of the tablets. The possibility of addition of an internal standard for improvement of the method precision was discussed.     

邻菲罗啉金属配合物的制备及对聚氯乙烯光学性能的影响

研究了配体浓度、反应温度及反应时间对合成以1,10-邻菲罗啉为配体的金属配合物产率的影响,并将以Zn~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Bi~(3+)、Eu~(3+)为中心离子的配合物添加到聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料中,研究了其对PVC光学性质的影响。得到了制备相应配合物的最佳反应条件:1,10-邻菲罗啉浓度为2mmol/10mL,反应温度为50~70℃,反应时间为1~4h时,邻菲罗啉类金属配合物的产率最高。并且发现ZnP_2、AlP_3、EuP_4对PVC的透光率影响较小,荧光光谱表明,前2种可以有效地将紫外光转换为蓝光,而EuP_4可以将紫外光及蓝绿光转换为特征明显的红色光,而BiP_4对PVC薄膜的透光率有较大的影响(10%),但其具有良好的转光特性。     

变频空调器中毛细管应用的理论计算与研究

在结合毛细管、冷凝器、蒸发器、压缩机的数学模型的基础上,对采用毛细管作为节流元件的变频空调器系统进行整体计算,绘制出相应的计算结果图表,进而分析了不同频率下系统达到稳定时的制冷量、COP、制冷剂流量等随压缩机频率变化而变化的趋势,得出毛细管所能适应的频率范围。     

车间可更换单元诊断模型及其在自动测试系统中的应用

针对复杂电子设备车间可更换单元故障诊断的原理和需求,提出了一种新的车间可更换单元诊断模型.该模型能较好地描述信号传递的路径,能有效地解决外场可更换单元内部各车间可更换单元之间信号连接关系复杂带来的诊断困难.该模型适合应用于自动测试系统中,有利于建立标准化的诊断程序,并提高诊断效率和诊断精度.对模型的研究也可以为工业部门提供可测试性设计的建议.     

Physico-Phenomenological Model of Metal Resistance to Plastic Deformation for the Calculation of the Processes of Metal Plastic Working. Part 2. Particular Cases of the Model and Its Experimental Validation

Particular cases of the model with reference to cold, warm, and hot deformation conditions have been considered. Parameters of the model have been determined by means of experimental stress–strain curves. For a group of low-carbon, medium-carbon, and low-alloy steels, it has been shown that the proposed model describes satisfactorily resistance to deformation in a wide temperature and strain-rate range with allowance for the effect of the loading history, which is related to the strain-rate time dependence.     

Separation of Neutral Compounds and Basic Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acidic Solution Using Laurylpoly(oxyethylene) Sulfate as an Additive

Working at pH 2.4 with uncoated silica capillaries has the advantage that electroosmotic flow is virtually eliminated. Excellent separations of protonated organic bases were obtained when ethanesulfonic acid was added to the running electrolyte to coat the capillary surface by a dynamic equilibrium. The effect of adding a new surfactant, sulfonated Brij-30, to the acidic electrolyte was also investigated. Use of this surfactant in acidic organic-aqueous solutions changes the elution order of many organic cations and also permits the separation of neutral organic compounds. Excellent resolution of a mixture of 19 PAHs and similar compounds was obtained in 40% organic solvent in only 20 min. The largest organic compounds form the most stable association complexes with the sulfonated Brij-30 and, thus, have the shortest migration times. It is shown that the type and concentration of surfactant, as well as the composition of the aqueous-organic solution, are conditions that can be varied over a broad range to obtain superior separations of both neutral and cationic organic compounds. The type of organic solvent is yet another condition that can be manipulated advantageously. For example, the use of equal volumes of acetonitrile and 2-propanol in water-organic solutions can give better resolution of neutral organic analytes than either solvent used alone.     

Mathematical Model for the Rotary Kiln Process and Its Application

A mathematical model to predict the operation behaviours of the rotary kiln process and to describe theaxial distribution of process variables along the length of the reactor has been developed in present work.Themodel is established based on the principle of mass and heat balance in the system under a steady state withthe consideration of kinetic characteristics of the processes.Four examples of the simulation processes in a pi-lot kiln and 3 commercial kilns by using the present mathematical model are given in this paper.The goodagreement between the predicted results and the measured data has been obtained.     

金属薄板的区间r值及其应用

材料的锯齿屈服效应以及低应变水平下塑性应变比r值应变路径存在的奇异性会造成r值测试结果的明显离散,给材料性能的准确评价带来较大的困难,而区间r值可以较好地解决该类离散问题,在结果的重复性方面显现出独特优势。在区间r值的计算过程中,宽度和长度方向的真塑性应变ε_b和ε_L线性回归后得到的直线是否强制通过坐标原点,会导致部分测试结果的差异,但大部分情况下该差异并不显著,仅就重复性而言,目前无法确认是否应该设置边界条件。     

金属有机框架材料中CO2/N2吸附与分离的理论研究

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在CO₂的捕获与分离方面受到广泛关注。本工作结合分子动力学(MD)和巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法探究了一种MOFs材料DUT-49的负性气体吸附过程及结构转变对CO₂/N₂吸附分离行为的影响。结果表明: 在20~60 MPa的压强下, DUT-49均发生可稳定存在的结构变形, 实现开孔(DUT-49-op)和闭孔(DUT-49-cp)状态的转变。DUT-49气体吸附量随温度升高而下降。DUT-49-cp的框架收缩, 气体有效吸附位点减少, 吸附量明显降低。此外, 与DUT-49-op相比, DUT-49-cp中CO₂/N₂选择性明显降低, 且随温度升高而下降, 不利于气体分离。本工作的研究结果为吸附剂材料的开发提供了科学依据。     

肢体残疾者作业能力差损模型及应用

针对肢体残疾者工作安置及调适,提出一个肢体残疾者作业能力差损模型。建立肢体残疾者作业分析的基本动素库,用肌肉骨骼特征值及耐力两类参数描述,将作业要求映射到动素的生物力学参数集上,并以此建立肢体残疾者作业能力动态层次评价体系,测算作业要求与作业能力的差值。引入作业能力基准面凹陷率的概念,从单个动素的作业空间、作业工具、总体作业目标等多层面刻画肢体残疾者作业能力与作业要求的差距,并用实例验证模型的实效性。     

油田地层水无机离子分析高效毛细管电泳方法

本文主要针对油田地层水的特性,建立了油田地层水不经稀释,直接进样的高效毛细管电泳分析法,并对影响因素进行了探讨.     

反渗透膜分离性能及其在制冷空调中的应用

介绍了反渗透膜的分离机理,归纳了多种分离过程理论模型的通量公式、应用场合及其局限性,综述了操作压力、料液温度、料液浓度以及料液流速等特性参数对反渗透膜分离性能的影响,解读了反渗透膜分离技术在制冷空调中的应用研究,为反渗透膜分离技术在制冷空调行业的应用提供了参考。     

磁悬浮微装配系统理论模型及实现技术

针对现有微装配系统存在的问题,给出了一种新的理论模型;将微产品装配离散化,便于建立标准化、模块化的实用微装配系统．该模型为灵巧加工及CIMS微系统打下了基础．利用磁悬浮平台代替幸臣／细运动平台传送装配子单元;同时,也利用它作为微装配平台,在一个运动平台实现了瘫臣／细运动;没有导线与运动平台相连。实现了平台的长距离运动．巧妙地利用平台运动实现线激光对微装配环境的扫描,获取微装配环境的三维信息．将全局／局部视觉系统分离,增加了操作空间．采用两种模型对磁悬浮系统进行控制,满足了瘫臣／细运动精度．采用该理论模型可以简化系统的结构,提高装配效率．     

全年干球温度简化分布模型及其应用

通过对全年干球温度概率分布的双波简化模型中分布参数物理意义的分析,在考虑冬夏季方差不相等的条件下提出了确定分布参数的方法,建立了全年干球温度的截尾正态分布简化模型.该模型的应用更为方便和精确,可方便地用来估算暖通空调建筑物的能耗、计算度日数和温频,可供暖通空调系统的设计、运行作参考.     

老年人心智模型研究及在交互设计领域的应用

目的 对面向老年人群的心智模型研究及其在信息交互设计领域的应用现状进行分析梳理,以对相关领域的理论研究与应用建立较为全面的认识。方法 基于文献可视化工具,对国内外2000—2020年收录的面向老年人群的心智模型研究及其主要应用文献进行收集、整理与可视化分析,通过代表性文献、     

时变参数模型及其在非平稳振动分析中的应用

对时变参数模型TVAR（Time-varying Autoregressive Model）进行了研究，并将其应用于转子实验台非平稳振动信号的分析。TVAR是模型参数随信号统计特性而变化的变参数AR（Autoregressive Model）模型，适用于分析非平稳信号。利用TVAR对调频仿真信号进行分析并与典型时频分析方法进行比较，结果表明TVAR具有时频分辨率高、无交叉干扰项以及对噪声不敏感等优点。基于TVAR分析了转子实验台正常及故障工况下连续变速过程中采集的振动信号，实验表明TVAR能够有效地分析非平稳振动信号，并具有较强的信号特征提取能力，为非平稳工况下转子故障诊断及模态分析等提供了一种有效的分析方法。     

超疏水复合海绵材料的制备及在油水分离的应用

含油污水的治理已经成为世界性的难题,如何有效分离油水混合物成为亟待解决的问题。本研究通过绿色环保、简单浸蘸的表面修饰法,以三聚氰胺海绵(MS)作为基底材料,选择氧化石墨烯溶液(GO)与聚四氟乙烯浓缩分散液(PTFE)的混合液对MS改性,成功制备出性能优异的超疏水材料(GPMS)。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),热重分析仪(TG)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制备的GPMS进行结构、形貌和组分分析,并对其表面浸润性、压缩循环性、选择吸附性能以及连续油水乳浊液分离性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,制备的GPMS具有超疏水性(疏水角可达168°);机械性能优越,可以完成50次压缩循环实验;能够选择性地吸附水上浮油与水下重油,还可对油水乳浊液实现高效分离,是一种具有实际应用价值的含油污水治理材料。