静态混合器及其在多相反应体系中的应用研究进展

介绍了静态混合器的分类与特点，并综述了其在多相反应中的应用，着重介绍了静态混合器在气液反应、气液固反应、液液反应、液固反应体系中的应用研究进展，旨在归纳总结静态混合器在多相反应体系中的研究现状，同时指出了该过程中存在的问题及其发展趋势，以期为静态混合器的进一步应用提供借鉴与参考。     

喷射式气-液反应器的型式及应用

气体和液体以喷射形式进料 ,是喷射式气液反应器的显著特征 ;喷射式气液反应器是一种多相反应器 ,具有较好的传热、传质和混合特性。对喷射式气—液反应器的型式及应用作了概要介绍     

喷射环流反应器的放大效应

实验测量了两种塔径(?200和?500mm)和两种操作模式(气体单独喷射和气液同轴喷射)下喷射环流反应器内的全塔平均气含率、局部气含率及轴向液速径向分布、循环液速,归纳出全塔平均气含率的关联式。实验发现,喷射环流反应器具有十分显著的放大效应。小塔(?200)与大塔(?500)中的全塔平均气含率存在很大差异:小塔的全塔平均气含率～气速关系曲线比大塔陡峭,低气速下小塔气含率低于大塔、较高气速下高于大塔。根据漂移通量法分析得到小塔中流型转变点在表观气速0.1 m·s~(-1)左右,在实验气速范围内只存在拟均匀鼓泡流;大塔中流型转变点在表观气速0.04 m·s~(-1)左右,随气速增大从拟均匀鼓泡流转变为湍动鼓泡流。喷射环流反应器比气升式环流反应器、一般鼓泡塔全塔平均气含率略低,但循环液速更大,适用于强化固体悬浮与混合的气液固三相反应过程。     

氯化塔底部结构的改造

氯蜡生产用的塔式反应器称为氯化塔,它主要由反应段和扩大段两大部分构成。扩大段主要起气液分离、减少出塔气体带料的作用,故结构比较简单,只需对内表面进行衬塑或搪瓷防腐,无需其它内部构件。而反应段则不但需要防腐,而且还需换热装置。由于氯蜡生产过程中氯化反应的热效应较大,如生产氯蜡-52时,氯化反应放     

两级喷射式环流反应器流体力学与传质特性研究

为改善气体分布,提高传质性能,文中开发出一种两级喷射式环流反应器,研究了液体喷射速度、空塔气速和下级进气比对该反应器流体力学和传质特性的影响。分别采用压差法、电导电极法和动态溶氧法对反应器气含率、环流液速和体积传质系数进行了测量。实验结果表明:液体喷射速度和空塔气速的增加,环流反应器可以得到理想的流体力学和传质特性;分段进气比的变化显著影响了反应器体积传质系数,且存在最佳进气比;最佳进气比随着液体喷射速度的增加而增大,而基本不受空塔气速的影响;与单级喷射环流反应器相比,采用最佳进气比的两级喷射式环流反应器的传质效率有了显著的提升。     

喷射环流反应器应用研究进展

描述了喷射反应器的结构和工作原理,详细介绍了喷射反应器作为多相反应器在化学化工、生物化学、环境保护和其它领域的应用研究进展,充分显示了喷射反应器的优异性能及其在多个领域中的重要地位,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

气液鼓泡塔流体力学研究进展

鼓泡塔是化工领域一类重要的气液接触与反应装置,近些年的研究难点集中在计算流体力学(CFD)放大模拟和内构件流体力学两个方面。今从实验技术、流体力学模型、内构件影响三个方面综述了当前鼓泡塔反应器流体力学的研究进展。首先分析了现有的各种流动测试技术的优缺点,随后评述了气液鼓泡塔的多相湍流模型和各种相间作用力本构关系的表述形式,介绍了本课题组近来提出的气泡径向力平衡模型与双尺度能量平衡模型。最后,总结了当前为数不多的有关竖直列管内构件对流动影响的几种不同的实验结果,给出了分析与解释,并对内构件的模型化与模拟工作进行了介绍。     

喷射反应器内气液两相流体动力学特征

喷射反应器是一种重要的化工过程强化设备,可有效强化传质与传热过程、加快反应速率、提高反应产率,近年来在多个领域得到应用。本文对两种典型喷射反应器的结构及其工作原理进行了描述,系统地分析了各操作参数和结构参数对气体吸入量和气泡直径的影响规律,指出研究气体吸入和气泡破碎两种机制的必要性。对采用计算流体力学方法模拟喷射反应器内气液两相流进行了分析,指出Mixture模型适合研究气体吸入量,无法准确描述气泡运动和破碎这两个重要过程,提出采用计算流体力学与群体平衡模型结合的方法进行模拟,关键在于建立适合喷射反应器的气泡破碎频率模型。另外,结合工业应用的实际情况,强调了加入催化剂颗粒相的多相流分析对于指导工业应用的重要意义。     

工艺条件对丙酮高选择性一氯化反应的影响

采用填料塔作为氯化反应器,在塔内全回流的丙酮与氯气进行反应,实现了丙酮的高选择性一氯化。研究了水量及气速对一氯化选择性反应的影响。结果表明：水与丙酮体积比为１∶１５０时,产物中一氯丙酮的含量达到最大值;尽量低的通氯速率对避免重复氯化反应有利,在１７ｇ／ｈＣｌ２的条件下,所得产品中一氯丙酮的质量分数高达９３．８５％。另外,反应速度随氯气气速的增大而增大     

循环流化床研究进展

循环流化床作为反应器或接触器具有其它多相反应器不可比拟的优势,在社会生产中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了气固循环流化床的发展、主要应用工艺、反应器型式及人们对气固循环流化床反应器关键结构、流体力学、传热和传质方面的研究。简单介绍了液固及气液固三相循环流化床的研究和应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。