高密度封装进展之三——SiP与SoC

哪种方式更能提高LST的附加值?是SiP(system in a package)还是SoC(system on a chip)?LSI厂家正对此进行激烈争论。作为系统集成的选择方式,LSI厂家一直集中力量致力于SoC的开发。但是LSI厂家发现,仅靠SoC这一条路线已不能满足用户的要求。目前,对于各大LSI厂家来说,要不要转换其发展资源的投入方向,需要当机立断。     

用2.5D TSV实现多处理器SiP功能

本项目由Open-Silicon,GLOBALFOUNDRI ES和Amkor三家公司合作完成。两颗28nm的ARM处理器芯片,通过2.5D硅转接板实现集成。芯片的高性能集成通常由晶体管制程提高来实现,应用2.5D技术的Si P正成为传统芯片系统集成的有效替代。Open-Silicon负责芯片和硅转接板的设计,重点在于性能优化和成本降低。GLOBALFOUNDRI ES采用28nm超低能耗芯片工艺制造处理器芯片,而用65nm技术制造2.5D硅转接板。包括功耗优化和功能界面有效管理等概念得到验证。硅基板的高密度布线提供大量平行I/O,以实现高性能存储,并保持较低功耗。所开发的EDA设计参考流程可以用于优化2.5D设计。本文展示了如何将大颗芯片重新设计成较小的几颗芯片,通过2.5D硅转接板实现Si P系统集成,以降低成本,提高良率,增加设计灵活性和重复使用性,并减少开发风险。     

Heterogeneous Multicore SoC With SiP for Secure Multimedia Applications

A heterogeneous multicore system-on-chip (SoC) has been developed for high-definition (HD) multimedia applications that require secure DRM (digital rights management). The SoC integrates three types of processors: two specific-purpose accelerators for cipher and high-resolution video decoding; one general-purpose accelerator (MX); and three CPUs. This is how our SoC achieves high performance and low power consumption with hardware customized for video processing applications that process a large amount of data. To achieve secure data control, hardware memory management and software system virtualization are adopted. The security of the system is the result of the cooperation between the hardware and software on the system. Furthermore, a highly tamper-resistant system is provided on our SiP (System in a package), through DDR2 SDRAMs and a flash memory that contain confidential information in one package. This secure multimedia processor provides a solution to protect contents and to safely deliver secure sensitive information when processing billing transactions that involve digital content delivery. The SoC was implemented in a 90 nm generic CMOS technology.      

集成两路射频SiP发射器的设计和研究

随着移动通信和其它电子应用领域的不断进步,系统集成需求日益紧迫。除了可以应对系统性能、功能、成本和小型化的更高要求,系统级封装(SiP)在降低开发成本、实施灵活设计、缩短开发周期,和集成异质芯片上也有突出优势。这篇文章介绍了一个可用于手机基站系统的双通路发射系统SiP模块的开发。我们用计算模拟方法辅助优化设计,并成功制造和验证了SiP模块。SiP为内嵌电磁干扰屏蔽罩的12mmx12mmx1.9mm的多层栅格阵列封装(LGA)。各种射频信号性能均通过测试,包括严格的隔离度要求。电磁屏蔽测试和计算模拟结果高度吻合。最后,文章介绍了一种高效的计算模拟方法,极大地缩短了计算模拟的时间,并对未来射频SiP开发将提供有力帮助。     

Signal Integrity Flow for System-in-Package and Package-on-Package Devices

As data rates required for systems in package (SiPs) increase and their complexity increases, signal integrity issues become increasingly difficult to address. The design flow of the SiP should therefore take into account these issues from the beginning. A design flow aimed at designing the SiP tracks is presented; its suitability for the design of packages comprising multiple stacked memories is verified through a design example. The proposed flow for signal integrity can be integrated easily within the complete design of the SiP.      

Wireless Dosimeter: System-on-Chip Versus System-in-Package for Biomedical and Space Applications

A new floating-gate (FG) MOSFET based wireless dosimeter system-in-package (SiP) is presented. This miniature and completely integrated wireless dosimeter SiP comprises a CMOS FG radiation sensor and transmitter (TX) in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) package. The design is very well suited to wireless transmission of radiation sensor data in radiotherapy and to Extra Vehicular Activity Radiation Monitoring (EVARM) in space. Two different solutions, namely system-on-chip (SoC) and SiP, are demonstrated. In the SoC, which is size and power efficient, the TX includes an on-chip loop antenna which also acts as the inductor for the VCO resonant tank circuit. The SiP solution has an LTCC antenna with optimized impedance to conjugate match the TX chip. The radiation sensor demonstrates a measured sensitivity of 5 mV/rad. The SoC module size is only 2 ${hbox {mm}}^{2}$, consumes 5.3 mW of power and delivers $-$0.9 dBm of radiated power, sufficient to communicate with a low noise receiver connected to an off-chip patch antenna placed 1.38 m away. The SiP design provides a larger communication range of 75 m at the cost of additional power consumption and size.      

一种系统级封装的ESD保护技术

介绍了一种系统级封装(SiP)的ESD保护技术.采用瞬态抑制二极管(TVS)构建合理的ESD电流泄放路径,实现了一种SiP的ESD保护电路.将片上核心芯片的抗ESD能力从HBM 2 000 V提升到8 000 V.SiP ESD保护技术相比片上ESD保护技术,抗ESD能力提升效果显著,缩短了开发周期.该技术兼容原芯片封...     

射频系统封装的发展现状和影响

电子产品小型化将进一步依赖微电子封装技术的进步.SiP（系统封装）所强调的是将一个尽可能完整的电子系统或子系统高密度地集成于单个封装体内,随着其技术的研究不断深入,封装规模不断扩大,其作用不断提升,它在射频领域中的应用特性也日趋突出,成为实现视频系统小型化、轻量化、高性能和高可靠的有效方法.针对当前RF SiP（射频系...     

Power consumption reduction in systems on Chip (SoCs)

Systems on Chip are becoming extremely complex integrated circuits, containing tens or hundreds of analog,rf and digital blocks. For most applications, they have to present extremely low power consumption. It is the case, for instance, in ad hoc networks for which 100 or 1000 SoC nodes have to sense their environment, do some processing and send by radio some information to adjacent nodes in a multi-hop fashion to reach finally a base station. The design of such SoC nodes, to achieve the required extremely low power consumption, has to performed first at the system level, including low power communication protocols and data routing through the network, node wake-up strategies, low-power software and operating systems, innovative solutions for the sensor part, flexible or reconfigurable and very low power digital processing, low-power networks on chip for the communication between embedded processors and memories, as well as low powerrf front-ends. In addition, due to the impressive technology pace, new problems have to be solved for the design of SoCs, such as the interconnect delays, reliability and the dramatic increase of the static power. Some techniques, considered as the most efficient, of dynamic as well as static power reduction are described. It is however shown that the design of SoCs in 130 nm and below will impact dramatically the design methodologies, mainly due the static power increase. Finally, if today most SoCs are powered by batteries, alternative sources of energy are reviewed.     

Got to get a packet or two [stacked multilayer chip assemblies]

System in package (SiP), as it is being called, is a combination of two or more die stacked together on an interconnection substrate, all within a single package. Typically, there is some sort of processor chip coupled to either memory, a high-performance analogue IC, or to a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device. A SiP, though, could contain all these elements. This article discusses the challenges faced in SiP technology.     

应用于TPMS的压力传感器YAPS10

汽车轮胎压力监测系统（简称TPMS）主要是由压力传感器、微处理器、天线、射频芯片、电池组成。但由于市场需求的升级,整个系统向小型化、多功能以及更高性能方向发展。这需要对片上系统进行集成,在集成过程中需要应用到SiP、SoC以及MEMS等先进技术。文中介绍的压力传感器,使用了SiP技术,将压力传感器、微处理器和射频芯片集...     

An Integrated Frequency Response Characterization System With a Digital Interface for Analog Testing

Current and future integrated systems demand cost-effective test solutions. In response to that need, this work presents a very compact mixed-signal test system. It performs the characterization of the magnitude and phase responses over frequency at multiple nodes of an analog circuit. The control inputs and output of this system are digital, enabling the test of the analog components in a system-on-chip (SoC) or system-in-package (SiP) through a low-cost digital automatic test equipment. Robust and area-efficient building blocks are proposed for the implementation of the test system, including a linearized analog multiplier for accurate magnitude and phase detection, a wide tuning range voltage-controlled oscillator and a low-power algorithmic analog-to-digital converter. Their individual design considerations and performance results are presented. A complete prototype in TSMC CMOS 0.35-$muhbox m$technology employs only 0.3$hbox mm^2$of area. The operation of this test system is demonstrated by performing frequency response characterizations up to 130 MHz at various nodes of two different fourth-order continuous-time filters integrated in the same chip.     

系统级芯片设计语言和验证语言的发展

由于微电子技术的迅速发展和系统芯片的出现,包含微处理器和存储器甚至模拟电路和射频电路在内的系统芯片的规模日益庞大,复杂度日益增加。人们用传统的模拟方法难以完成设计验证工作,出现了所谓“验证危机”。为了适应这种形势,电子设计和验证工具正在发生迅速而深刻的变革。现在基于RTL级的设计和验证方法必须向系统级的设计和验证方法过渡,导致了验证语言的出现和标准化,本文将对当前出现的系统级设计和验证语言进行全面综述,并论述验证语言标准化的情况。分析他们的优缺点和发展趋势。最后简单评述当前的验证方法,说明基于断言的验证是结合形式化验证和传统模拟验证可行的途径。     

产品导向的先进封装设计

在日益激烈竞争的电子工业中,高成本效益、高可靠性的电子封装方案不单是电子产品发展的主要驱动力,甚至往往成为当中的促成科技(EnablingTechnology),用于轻巧、细小的无线电/可携带式消费性电子产品中尤见适合。其中更理想的性能效益(cost/performanceratio)、更短的产品开发周期、集多功能于一身的消费性电子产品亦是崭新科技应用的主要原动力。要达到以上目标,相关的微电子封装方案与焊接技术的进步是不可或缺的:例如从金属线焊接技术发展到倒装芯片技术,及至近年的晶圆级封装技术;从外围焊接(peripheral)发展到数组焊接(area-array);从陶制基版发展到有机基版;从单芯片封装发展到复芯片封装的构装方案等。事实上,系统级封装比一般的封装方案拥有一定的优势。在报告中首先概述最近在系统级封装的发展情况与应用。另外,借此报告突显出跟供应链有关产业之间的密切协调是达到有效而迅速地执行系统级封装的关键。最后,在报告中进一步详述一个集顶尖封装设计、分析及可靠性评估技术的服务中心的好处,及如何对工业界从事原型设计发展到大量生产的协助。     

Wafer-Level Defect Screening for “Big-D/Small-A” Mixed-Signal SoCs

Product cost is a key driver in the consumer electronics market, which is characterized by low profit margins and the use of a variety of “big-D/small-A” mixed-signal system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Packaging cost has recently emerged as a major contributor to the product cost for such SoCs. Wafer-level testing can be used to screen defective dies, thereby reducing packaging cost. We propose a new correlation-based signature analysis technique that is especially suitable for mixed-signal test at the wafer-level using low-cost digital testers. The proposed method overcomes the limitations of measurement inaccuracies at the wafer-level. A generic cost model is used to evaluate the effectiveness of wafer-level testing of analog and digital cores in a mixed-signal SoC, and to study its impact on test escapes, yield loss, and packaging costs. Experimental results are presented for a typical mixed-signal “big-D/small-A” SoC, which contains a large section of flattened digital logic and several large mixed-signal cores.      

陶瓷封装恒定加速度试验的分析与改进

多芯片、模块及其系统级陶瓷封装结构复杂,封装腔内各种元器件不均衡布置,如何设计合适的恒定加速度试验固定夹具,保证筛选过程中既能发现结构缺陷又不损伤封装体,已经成为封装结构设计中的重要考虑因素,这也是机械可靠性验证不可或缺的内容。针对恒定加速度试验中几种固定方式存在的问题,通过仿真分析和试验改进验证,提出了确定系统级陶瓷封装器件恒定加速度试验的固定方法,有效消除了试验不当导致的误判,大大提高了试验的可信度。     

SoC嵌入式flash存储器的内建自测试设计

深亚微米技术背景下，嵌入式存储器在片上系统芯片(system-on-a-chip，SoC)中占有越来越多的芯片面积．嵌入式存储器的测试正面临诸多新的挑战。本文论述了两种适合SoC芯片中嵌入式flash存储器的内建自测试设计方案。详细讨论了专用硬件方式内建自测试的设计及其实现，并且提出了一种新型的软硬协同方式的内建自测试设计。这种新型的测试方案目标在于结合专用硬件方式内建自测试方案并有效利用SoC芯片上现有的资源，以保证满足测试过程中的功耗限制，同时在测试时间和芯片面积占用及性能之间寻求平衡。最后对两种方案的优缺点进行了分析对比。     

基于SiP技术的胶囊内窥镜微型电路系统制造

胶囊内窥镜是近年发展起来的微型医疗仪器,其电路构造具有体积小、功能全等特点。文章提出用高密度封装SiP技术实现胶囊内窥镜的电路系统微型化。相对传统的芯片定制方式,采用堆叠式、表面贴装式或倒装焊式等组装方式具有成本低、难度低、开发周期短的优点。SiP封装、埋植式元件基板制造等高密度封装技术的不断发展,使得采用普通商用芯片实现胶囊内窥镜电路系统制造具有可行性。     

嵌入式SoC中的DMA控制器的设计与优化

当前，嵌入式微处理器已从单一功能转向集成更多功能的片上系统(SoC)。新增和改进功能往往意味着大量的数据传输，使得I／O设备和存储器之间的数据交换成为新的瓶颈，直接存储器存取(DMA)技术可以有效地缓解这一瓶颈并提高数据传输效率。文中主要介绍一种嵌入式SoC中的DMA控制器的设计，分析了DNA控制器在一个具体应用中的运行性能，并在原有基础上进行了优化，根据部分外设的数据吞吐量提出了DMA与AC97控制器之间的专用通道思想，实现音频数据的实时传输，以满足系统需求，并给出了实验数据。     

Single-package integration of RF blocks for a 5 GHz WLANapplication

Transceivers for future digital telecommunications applications (third generation cellular, wireless LAN) need to be portable (compact), battery-powered and wireless. Today's single-chip solutions for RF front-ends do not yield complete system integration. For example, they typically still need external components for impedance matching, for antenna switches, for power amplifiers and for RF bandpass filters (BPFs). Furthermore, problems of substrate coupling (either manifesting as analog crosstalk or as noise coupling from the digital part to the analog part on mixed-signal chip) become more important with increasing integration. A system-in-a-package (SiP) approach can address these problems. High quality components can be integrated in the package, avoiding lower quality on-chip passives or circumventing expensive chip technology adaptations. Virtually all external components can be integrated, as shown in this paper for the case of the bandpass filters and the impedance matching. Even the antenna is a candidate for integration in the package. Further, a clever chip partitioning can reduce the substrate coupling problem. Partitioning also allows using the best IC-technoiogy for each component. This paper reports on a fully integrated single-package RF prototype module for a 5 GHz WLAN receiver front-end, which is intended to demonstrate the concept of SiP integration. The approach, that is illustrated here with prototype RF blocks for a 5 GHz WLAN application, is implemented with a thin film multichip module (MCM-D) interconnect technology. This technology also allows the integration of high quality passive components. With these passives, low-loss filters can be implemented. The use of passives, filters and off-the-shelf, active, bare die components opens the way to successful system integration