基于图像处理的矿石颗粒三维微观孔隙结构演化

采用高精度显微CT技术及三维图像分析方法研究氧化铜矿石颗粒在酸浸前后内部微观孔隙结构特征及其演变,考察孔隙率、孔隙尺寸分布、孔隙连通度、孔隙分维等参数的变化规律.结果表明:酸浸后矿石颗粒的孔隙率明显增加,孔隙尺寸分布范围更广,出现一定比例的大孔隙,平均孔隙直径增加2~3倍;孔隙连通度在酸浸前基本为零,酸浸后明显增加,并在各方向上呈现空间变异性;孔隙分维数在浸出结束后也有所增大,且在一定范围内与孔隙率及平均孔隙直径呈指数增长关系.借助三维图像分析可实现矿石浸出过程中内部微观孔隙结构的定量描述,从而揭示矿石颗粒孔隙结构的演化规律.      

高炉矿焦床层孔隙分形维数的计算机模型研究

在计算机模拟高炉矿、焦床层分形结构的基础上,引入了2个参数:散料颗粒的形状系数φ与内孔隙度ε对模拟结果进行了修正,分析了影响散料层孔隙度与孔隙结构分形维数的因素.研究结果表明,随着散料层孔隙度的增加,孔隙结构的Sierpinski分形维数增大,孔隙对散料层的填充能力增强.     

铝用石墨质阴极不同焙烧温度下孔隙结构演化

采用图像分析方法研究铝用石墨质阴极在不同焙烧温度下孔隙结构特征及其演变,考察孔隙率、孔径分布、形状因子、视孔隙比表面积、连通性等参数的变化规律和孔隙复杂度的分形特征.结果表明:随着焙烧温度增加,孔隙率逐渐增大,而视孔隙比表面积、形状因子和连通性呈先减小后增大趋势;石墨质阴极试样不同温度下焙烧生成孔隙均符合分形规律,借助图像分析孔隙结构参数和分形维数可界定不同典型焙烧温度下阴极孔隙结构的演变特征,并据此提出相应的孔隙特征演化模式.      

风化壳淋积型稀土矿原地浸出微观渗流机制

为了揭示风化壳淋积型稀土矿原地浸出微观渗流机制,通过扫描电镜实验和图像处理技术,定量分析浸矿后四种稀土矿样的上、中、下部的微观孔隙结构特征(孔隙尺度、孔隙分布、孔隙形状)的变化规律,探讨宏观渗透系数与其的关系。研究结果表明,矿石颗粒的孔隙率由大、超大孔隙比例和与总孔隙数共同决定,随矿样深度增加而减小;下部矿样的孔隙尺度均匀程度最高,而中部矿样的最低;随着矿样深度增加,孔隙分布越来越分散,平均孔隙形状系数逐渐增大,孔隙形状特征变得越来越复杂;浸矿中-0.075 mm粒径矿石颗粒迁移导致微观孔隙结构特征和有效颗粒粒径改变,这是影响稀土矿石渗透性能变化的主要因素。研究成果有望为实现高效回收中重稀土资源提供理论依据。     

渗流作用下风化壳淋积型稀土矿细观孔隙结构演化特征

为研究风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸出过程中溶液渗流作用对孔隙结构的影响,以去离子水为溶浸液开展浸矿实验。对浸出前后矿样进行显微CT扫描,获取了试样内部结构图像,利用阈值分割算法得到了浸出前后稀土矿样的孔隙结构图像。进而,研究了溶液渗流作用下试样孔隙结构的变化特征,分析了渗流作用对试样孔隙率、孔隙体积、孔隙长度、孔隙宽度和孔隙方位角等参数的影响。结果表明:稀土矿孔隙形状和尺寸在渗流作用下发生显著变化,且在粗细颗粒接触区最为明显;溶液渗流作用使得稀土矿孔隙率增大,孔隙总数量减少,孔隙总体积增大。渗流作用下矿样中小孔隙数量减少,大孔隙数量增多,各尺寸区间的孔隙数量变化率随孔隙尺寸的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。溶液渗流作用下孔隙长宽比分布更加集中,孔隙方位角在各角度区间的分布更加均匀,孔隙各向异性增强。      

辽西黄土湿陷变形特性及湿陷后微观结构变化

初始含水率对黄土湿陷性具有重要的影响.利用人工制备不同含水率的试样对辽西黄土的湿陷变形特性进行了试验研究,并采用SEM技术测试了黄土湿陷前后的微观结构变化,采用微结构定量化分析方法和分形几何方法分析了黄土试样微观孔隙的变化特征.结果表明:1)初始含水率对辽西黄土的湿陷变形具有显著的影响,随着试样初始含水率的增大,同一压力下的湿陷变形量越来越小:2)不同初始含水率试样的压力-变形关系曲线可以统一用双曲线形式表达;3)湿陷后黄土试样的结构变得较为致密,孔隙总数显著增加,而孔隙面积减小.湿陷过程主要是小孔隙数量增加、孔隙形状分维数减小、孔隙复杂程度显著增加的过程.     

基于随机数结构面分维数估算的改进投影覆盖法

岩石结构面的定量化描述对于理解结构面的力学性质至关重要,投影覆盖分形描述法是结构面定量化表征的主要方法之一.然而,投影覆盖法计算结构面分形维数时存在三角形单元划分的缺陷.从概率分析角度考虑,将随机数应用于三角形单元的划分中,提出了基于随机数估算结构面分维数的投影覆盖法.应用改进投影覆盖法计算了红砂岩结构面的分维数,获得了120个分维值,并将其作为一个分维数样本;然后分析了此样本的分布特征,并将样本均值作为结构面分维数的精准值.实例分析证明,采用改进投影覆盖法所获分维数样本是来自正太分布总体;投影覆盖法计算的分维数几乎是改进投影覆盖法所获结果的极限值;基于随机数进行三角形单元划分更符合实际结构面形貌特征,从而计算的分维数更精准.      

基于分形理论和BP神经网络的充填料性能研究

为研究全尾砂粒径级配特征对充填料性能的影响,提出以分维数和分维数相关系数表征全尾砂的几何特征,并选取灰砂配比、料浆浓度、分维数和分维数相关系数作为BP神经网络输入因子,抗压强度、坍落度和泌水率作为输出因子,建立了充填性能预测的分形-BP神经网络模型。对7个矿山实测数据展开分维数和分维数相关系数计算,并采用BP神经网络进行训练和预测。结果表明：（1）尾砂越细,则粒径级配分维数越大,孔隙分维数就越小,且全尾砂的分维数稍大于分级尾砂的分维数;（2）全尾砂的相关系数在0.71~0.97之间,较分级尾砂离散;（3）分形-BP神经网络模型对充填料性能指标预测的相对误差在8%以内。综上可知：分形理论-BP神经网络相结合的充填性能预测模型具有较好的精度,为充填料性能预测提供了一种新途径。     

基于分维数的三维单裂隙注浆体流动数值模拟研究

为了研究单裂隙中注浆体扩散的速度特征,结合裂隙岩体的分维数特性,构建与真实裂隙一致的三维单裂隙模型。通过不同的分维数构建不同形态的单裂隙模型。运用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟不同水灰比的注浆体在单裂隙中的流动速度特征。结果表明:扬程一定时,单裂隙的三维形态和注浆体的水灰比是影响浆体流动速度的重要因素。当分维数一定时,注浆体的水灰比越大,其扩散的流动速度越大,呈非线性增加。随着扩散距离的增加,其流动速度呈非线性降低,且下降速率逐渐减小。当扩散到一定距离后,流动速度趋于一个稳定值。水灰比越大,其流动速度的下降速率相对较小。随着分维数的增加,三维单裂隙模型的裂隙面越平整,其浆体流动速度越大。     

矿石颗粒级配对堆浸体系三维孔隙结构的影响

为研究堆浸体系矿石粒径分布对孔隙结构的影响,对不同级配矿岩散体构成的浸柱开展显微CT扫描测试,得到浸柱内部结构图像。通过阈值分割算法对孔隙结构进行提取,建立浸柱三维孔隙模型,对浸柱体孔隙率和面孔隙率的空间分布特征进行研究。利用最大球算法构建浸柱孔隙网络模型,进而分析矿石粒径分布对孔喉半径、喉道长度、孔喉体积、形状因子和配位数等参数的影响规律。结果表明:矿石颗粒级配性越好,矿堆孔隙率越低;矿石粒径越均匀,矿堆不同区域孔隙率差异越小;矿石粒径分布对孔隙尺寸和连通性影响较为显著,对孔喉形状因子影响较小。随着细颗粒矿石的减少,大孔隙增多,孔喉半径、喉道长度和孔喉体积相应增大;随着矿石粒径均匀性的增加,堆浸体系中孤立孔隙所占比例减少,高配位数孔隙所占比例增大,即矿堆内的孔隙空间具有更好的连通性。      

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

抗腐蚀高强耐磨涂料研发与应用

介绍了抗腐蚀高强度耐磨涂料的研制和开发，以及用作柳钢球团回转烘干机刮板保护涂层的应用效果。