Design of Fault Diagnosis Observer for HAGC System on Strip Rolling Mill

By building mathematical model for HAGC （hydraulic automation gauge control） system of strip rolling mill, treating faults as unknown inputs induced by model uncertainty, and analyzing fault direction, an unknown input fault diagnosis observer group was designed. Fault detection and isolation were realized through making ob- server residuals robust to specific faults but sensitive to other faults. Sufficient existence conditions and design of the observers were given in detail. Diagnosis observer parameters for servo-valve, cylinder, roller and body rolling mill were obtained resoectively. The effectiveness of this diagnosis method was oroved bv actual data simulations.     

Static and Dynamic Data Reconciliation for an Irrigation Canal

This paper deals with the problem of fault detection and isolation in irrigation canals. We have developed a method which combines static and dynamic data reconciliation for the validation of measurements, detection, and isolation of sensors and actuator faults and reconstruction of missing data. Static data reconciliation uses static models at a regulation gate to validate measurements and detect sensor and actuator faults. It also enabled us to detect a drift in the stage discharge rating curve. The dynamic data reconciliation uses additional measurements and a dynamic model of the canal in order to validate measurements and detect faults and withdrawals. The combination of the two methods allowed us to distinguish between withdrawals and faults. Both methods are evaluated on measurements from a real irrigation canal located in the South of France.     

板带轧机HAGC系统基于小波变换的传感器故障诊断

 提出了一种基于小波分析的HAGC系统传感器故障诊断方法。通过建立系统的MA模型，建立残差信号，利用离散小波变换对残差信号进行多分辨率分析。通过残差信号的故障高低频特性，提取故障敏感特征，实现了传感器故障时间、故障原因、故障程度的诊断。仿真研究表明，该方法凸现故障特征，时域定位准确，不但适用于突变故障，对渐变故障同样有效。     

Detecting Sensor Failure via Decoupled Error Function and Inverse Input–Output Model

A novel sensor failure detection method is developed in this paper. Sensor failure considered in this paper can be any type of measurement error that is different from the true structural response. The sensors are divided into two groups; sensors that correctly measure the structural responses are termed “reference sensors” and sensors that may fail to correctly measure the structural responses are termed “uncertain sensors” henceforth. A sensor error function is formulated to detect the instants of failure of the corresponding uncertain sensor, using the measurements from reference sensors and the uncertain sensor examined. The sensor error function is derived using indirect and direct approaches. In the indirect approach, the error function is obtained from the state space model in combination with the inverse model and interaction matrix formulation. The input term is eliminated from the error function by applying the inverse model and the interaction matrix is applied to eliminate the state and all unexamined uncertain sensors except for the one examined from the error function. The direct approach uses the singular value decomposition method to establish the coefficients of the error function from the healthy measured data. The sensor failure detection formulation is investigated numerically using a four degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damper system and experimentally using a 4-m-long NASA eight-bay truss structure. It is shown by means of numerical and experimental results that the sensor failure formulation developed correctly detects and isolates the instants of sensor failure and can be implemented in real structural systems for sensor failure detection.     

郯庐断裂构造系统对胶东西部地区金矿的控制作用

郯庐断裂是我国东部规模最大的深大断裂，对胶东地区构造格架起着重要的控制作用。位于其东侧，规模仅次于它的招远－平度断裂、焦家－新城断裂，苍上－三山岛断裂为胶东西部地区三条重要的控矿断裂。本文试把上述三条断裂与郯庐断裂有机地联系起来，纳入同一构造系统中，并讨论该系统对胶东西部地区金矿（尤其是特大型金矿）的控制作用。     

Mallat小波快速变换与IDRNN在卫星实时故障检测与识别中的应用

系统研究了面向复杂系统监测时变信号的实时故障检测与识别问题.采用滑窗Mallat小波快速变换克服传统小波变换的时域全局依耐性并提高计算效率,使之适应于实时故障检测;针对时变信号的故障模式识别难题,在故障检测基础上采用改进动态循环神经网络(improved dynamic recurrent neural network,IDRNN)进行智能故障识别.最后将滑动时窗小波检测模块及最优IDRNN网络模块嵌入某型完整卫星姿态控制系统仿真平台进行在线故障诊断.试验结果表明:实时条件下的滑动窗口小波变换与传统小波变换具有一致性,IDRNN对于时变信号识别具有较好的时域泛化能力,将滑窗移动时不变小波方法与IDRNN结合可以实现面向复杂系统监测实时信号的故障检测及复合模式分类.      

沂沭断裂与鲁东金矿床的成生关系

沂沭断裂在山东地质演化史中发挥了重要作用,它由四条主干断裂组成,每条断裂具有自己的形成演化过程和变形特征。表现在自西向东形成活动时间由老（前古生代）变新（ 中－新生代）;力学性质由扭－压扭－走滑;伴生（NNE向）与派生（NW向）断裂由密到疏相间展布,显示倒N字型构造型地工,控制着鲁东金矿床类型及特征。基底滑脱层为地壳高导层（深17km）,其中的热液体沿低级序断裂上升,对古老的重熔花岩质岩石进行广泛的碱交代作用,在不同的构造部位及层次上被改造为具有不同结构与构造的花岗岩。碱交代作用的排硅、提取矿质的 过程,促使热液具有了成矿能力,并随断裂构造的时空特征而变化。     

Sensor Fault Detection in Power Plants

This paper presents a sensor fault detection and diagnosis approach for industrial combustion processes. Clustering algorithms are applied to the measurements of controllable process variables involved in single-input-single-output feedback control loops. Current data points from the process are compared with the clusters to identify sensor faults. Once the measurements of controllable process variables are obtained, a decision-tree algorithm monitors response process variables based on the controllable and noncontrollable process variables as predictors (inputs). Test data and training data residuals generated by the decision-tree algorithm are analyzed with statistical process control limits to identify sensor faults. The proposed approach handles data from temporal processes by periodic updates of the knowledge base. An industrial boiler combustion process is used to test the ideas presented in this paper.     

基于色谱分析法的变压器故障诊断技术及其应用

对电力变压器的常见内部故障进行阐述与分析,给出运行状态下变压器主要的测试与检测手段。对基于色谱分析法的故障诊断技术给出了方法,并通过对首钢京唐220 kV级变压器含有氢气的故障分析及处理,说明变压器故障诊断除了色谱分析数据外,还要结合现场实际、设备运行情况,才能进行准确的判断。     

Nondetection, False Alarm, and Calibration Insensitivity in Kurtosis- and Pseudofractal-Based Singularity Detection

This work isolates cases of nondetection, false alarm, and insensitivity for a general class of problems dealing with the detection and characterization of existence, location, and extent of singularities embedded in signals or in their derivatives when employing kurtosis- and pseudofractal-based methods for the detection and characterization process. The nondetection, false alarm, and insensitivity for these methods are illustrated on an example problem of damage identification and calibration in beams where the singularity to be identified lies in the derivative of the measured signal. The findings are general, not constrained to linear systems, and are potentially applicable to a wide range of fields including engineering system identification, fault detection, health monitoring of mechanical and civil structures, sensor failure, aerospace engineering, and biomedical engineering.     

胶东三山岛西岭金矿区NW向断裂带的确定：综合物探证据

三山岛西岭金矿区位于渤海之滨,与北部海域金矿区相互连接,形成金资源量近千吨的巨型金矿床,矿床为地下与海底开采。区域内断裂发育,分布有NE向和NW向断裂,其中NE向断裂为控矿构造,而NW向断裂多具有不同程度的导水性,对矿床安全开采影响重大。基于矿区地质条件与地球物理特征,采用高精度磁测法和音频大地电磁（AMT）法在矿区东部进行了勘查试验,根据显示的磁性异常与电性异常,在平面上解译了NW向断裂(F-1、F-2)与NE向断裂（F-3、F-4）,在L1剖面上解译了4条断裂,在L2剖面上解译了3条断裂。综合判断解译信息,NW向F-1断裂在平面与剖面上都反映良好。同时,与北部海域NW向构造研究资料进行对比分析,结果显示西岭矿区F-1推断断层与北部海域B-F4断层特征一致,吻合较好,推断西岭矿区NW向F-2断裂被F-3断裂错断。研究结果说明综合物探方法在该区域可行有效,为下一步钻孔验证NW向断裂存在,判断断裂富水及导水性质,以及未来矿床开发利用提供了地球物理依据。     

Fast temporal response fiber-optic chemical sensors based on the photodeposition of micrometer-scale polymer arrays

Fiber-optic chemical sensor microarrays for the detection of pH and O2 have been developed with subsecond response times. Sensor microarrays are fabricated by the covalent immobilization (pH sensor arrays) or the physical entrapment (O2 sensor arrays) of fluorescent indicators in photodeposited polymer matrices on optical imaging fibers. Polymer microarrays are comprised of thousands of individual elements photodeposited as hemispheres such that each element of the sensor array is coupled directly to a discrete optical element of the imaging fiber and is not in contact with other neighboring elements. Because of the hemispherical shape and the individuality of the array elements, diffusion of analyte to the sensor elements is dominated by radial diffusion, resulting in a rapid response time. pH-sensitive arrays based on fluorescein respond to a 1.5-unit pH change within 300 ms, while the O2-sensitive arrays respond to O2 changes within 200 ms (90% of steady state response).     

高炉炉顶液压系统的设计及故障树分析

以承德钢铁公司炼铁厂450m3高炉炼铁炉顶液压系统为实际依据,通过分析高炉炉顶设备的组成部件及工艺原理,设计出高炉炉顶液压系统,并介绍了液压系统工作原理。以故障树作为故障分析方法,建立了以大钟液压缸出现故障为顶事件的故障树,并对该故障树进行了定性、定量分析,从而对液压元件的可靠度在理论上有了一定的把握,为提高液压系统整体可靠性提供了重要依据。     

基于支持向量机的低压故障电弧识别方法

故障电弧是引发电气火灾事故的主要原因之一。本文将支持向量机引入故障电弧研究领域,进行不同负荷情况下的故障电弧识别检测。首先参照美国ULl699标准进行实验采集电流数据,然后利用支持向量机实现故障电弧的训练、检测识别,并对训练、识别结果进行了分析,实验证明本文的检测方法具备一定的泛化能力。     

招平断裂带中段金矿床控矿条件与成矿规律研究

招平断裂带中段为胶东地区重要的金成矿带,目前已查明的金矿床主要包括夏甸大型金矿床和大尹格庄特大型金矿床,姜家窑和曹家洼中型金矿床,以及焦格庄小型金矿床。研究人员对招平断裂带中段各类金矿床的构造控矿条件、分布规律和矿体赋存规律仍缺乏较系统的认识,亟待开展进一步研究。通过对金矿区地质特征、金矿床地质特征、构造控矿特征和金矿成矿规律进行分析和总结,得出大尹格庄特大型金矿主要受招平主干断裂控制;夏甸大型金矿床主要受控于主干控矿断裂下盘伴生、派生的低级和低序次断裂,夏甸北耩矿体主要受控于主断裂下盘岩体局部张性显微裂隙带;招平断裂带中段大尹格庄特大型金矿床、夏甸特大型金矿床和焦格庄中、小型金矿床大致呈等间距分布,近EW向断裂与招平断裂的交会部位是有利成矿部位;断裂的拐弯或交会部位为主要赋矿部位。     

吉林省安图县东方红金矿床断裂构造特征与找矿

东方红金矿区断裂构造发育,并为主要控矿地质条件.北东向断裂构造为压扭性,沿断裂构造发育的蚀变带以硅化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等矿物组合为主,构造原生晕富Au,贫Cu、Pb、zn,并控制土壤测量Au元素异常浓集中心的分布;北西西向断裂构造为张扭性,沿断裂构造发育的蚀变带以黄铁矿化、方铅矿化、高岭土化等矿物组合为主,构造原生晕...     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪故障与处理

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪具有稳定性高、检出限低、线性动态范围宽、分析速度快等特点,在金属材料、水质及环境、矿产资源等众多领域实验室的检测工作中被广泛应用。以MPX-VISTA电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪为例,归纳了自激式等离子体发生器中火焰监测装置、振荡电路及附属电路、控制电路、气路系统等4个仪器方面的常见故障,通过系统地分析仪器等离子体发生器的结构及原理,找到了故障原因,并介绍了处理方法。对于从总体上把握等离子体发生器结构及快速处理等离子体发生器部分的故障提供了一种思路,降低等离子体发生器故障率,确保其能稳定有效地工作,为日常测试提供准确的分析数据。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪故障与处理

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪具有稳定性高、检出限低、线性动态范围宽、分析速度快等特点,在金属材料、水质及环境、矿产资源等众多领域实验室的检测工作中被广泛应用。以MPX-VISTA电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪为例,归纳了自激式等离子体发生器中火焰监测装置、振荡电路及附属电路、控制电路、气路系统等4个仪器方面的常见故障,通过系统地分析仪器等离子体发生器的结构及原理,找到了故障原因,并介绍了处理方法。对于从总体上把握等离子体发生器结构及快速处理等离子体发生器部分的故障提供了一种思路,降低等离子体发生器故障率,确保其能稳定有效地工作,为日常测试提供准确的分析数据。     

热轧卷板轧机HGC压下缸位置传感器稳定性研究

在热轧卷板生产过程中,精轧机组HGC压下系统中检测部分的位置传感器用于检测液压缸的实际动作行程,从而计算轧制的辊缝,检测的准确与否直接影响带钢的板型、厚度。详细介绍了如何利用PDA曲线提前判断位置传感器状态,同时找出位置传感器检测精度下降的原因,并制定相应的控制措施,减少位置传感器的故障率。对稳定生产、提高故障的判断、处理时效有很好的实践价值和借鉴意义。     

豫西次级拆离断层对金矿成矿的控制作用——以河南槐树坪金矿为例

槐树坪金矿区位于熊耳山断隆和谭头-嵩县新生代断陷盆地之间,研究表明,中-新生代缓倾斜滑脱拆离断层的次级缓倾斜断裂为槐树坪金矿成矿提供了良好的赋矿空间。矿区揭露的燕山期花岗斑岩体（或隐伏斑岩体）是含矿热液的提供者,含矿热液在适宜的物理化学条件下,沿矿脉或断裂上升至次级缓倾斜断裂中沉淀且富集成矿,矿床规模已达大型。中-新生代缓倾斜滑脱拆离断层属区域大断裂,其次级缓倾斜断裂广泛发育在嵩县南部和洛宁等地区,是有利的赋矿空间,综上可见,缓倾斜次级断裂在区域上的找矿前景非常广阔。