基于粒子滤波的OFDM载波频偏和信道联合估计

一种基于粒子滤波(PF)的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统在慢衰落瑞利信道下联合信道估计和载波恢复的新方法被提出。该算法适用于多径时变信道模型以及等效离散时间信道模型。算法引入了在非线性系统参数估计和跟踪领域上十分有效的PF方法,将Kaman滤波与序贯蒙特卡罗采样(SMCS)相结合来估计信道衰落系数以及载波频偏(CFO)的后验概率密度,从而通过计算得到信道的响应函数,并在此基础上,利用MMSE均衡器消除码间串扰(ICI),进行码元估计。仿真结果表明了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于插值的多普勒频偏和频率斜升联合估计算法

为解决卫星移动通信系统中突发传输在低信噪比条件下的载波快速同步问题,该文提出一种基于插值的频偏和频率斜升联合估计算法。先通过对多普勒斜升搜索结合低复杂度频偏估计获得频偏和频率斜升的粗估计结果,再以频率斜升粗估计结果为中心、计算3个频率斜升值所对应的对数似然函数并据此对频率斜升进行二次插值以获得频率斜升估计值,最后在该估计值下计算出对应的频偏估计值,完成频偏和频率斜升的联合估计。仿真结果表明,该文算法的信噪比门限较低,估计性能接近克拉美罗下界(CRLB),而且计算复杂度远低于最大似然估计算法,非常适于实际应用。     

基于CSI的三维联合参数估计算法

针对商用Wi-Fi设备中由于天线数量和信道带宽有限而导致的到达角(AoA)和飞行时间(ToF)估计精度受限问题,以及现有基于最大似然估计的3维参数估计算法容易收敛于局部最优值,且依次对参数进行估计的方式使参数之间会互相影响的问题,该文提出一种基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息(CSI)的AoA,ToF和多普勒频偏(DFS)的3...     

非线性卫星信道下的粒子滤波盲均衡方法

针对卫星信道中高功率放大器产生非线性失真的问题,本文提出了一种基于粒子滤波技术的盲均衡法。该算法优势在于不需要对非线性信道线性化处理,而是利用带权值的离散随机样本点来对期望分布进行近似,通过将非线性模型建模成状态空间模型,对信道参数进行跟踪和符号序列估计。仿真结果表明,算法实现了对放大器非线性幅度和相位特性的粒子滤波估计,并对符号序列进行了盲恢复,在误比特率为 较截断Volterra均衡有1.5 dB左右的性能增益;通过增加粒子数目和平滑长度能一定程度上提高算法性能,但在复杂度与性能折中考虑下,不能无限增加粒子数目。      

Joint oversampled carrier and time-delay synchronization in digital communications with large excess bandwidth

This paper deals with the joint estimation of the pair dynamical carrier phase/Doppler shift and the time-delay in a digital receiver. We consider a Binary Offset Carrier shaping function as used in satellite positioning, which is a time-limited pulse with a large excess bandwidth, and a Data Aided synchronization scenario, where we have a constant time-delay and a Brownian phase evolution with a linear drift. The proposed study is relative to the use of an oversampled signal model after matched filtering, leading to a colored reception noise and a non-stationary power signal. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we derive the Hybrid Cramér-Rao Bound for the joint phase/Doppler estimation problem. Then, we propose a method for the joint time-delay/carrier synchronization, which couples an Extended Kalman Filter and an Expectation-Maximization type algorithm. Our numerical results show the potential gain of using the oversampled signal for carrier synchronization, obtaining better performances than using a classical synchronizer, and good time-delay estimation.     

复杂环境下基于噪声匹配的最大多普勒频移估计

本文针对城市复杂信道环境下的最大多普勒频移估计需求,根据莱斯衰落信道中电平通过率(LCR)算法的理论推导,提出了一种基于噪声匹配的最大多普勒频移估计算法.所提算法通过对接收信号进行低通滤波处理,实现干扰噪声与多普勒检测器之间的匹配,从而有效提高最大多普勒频移的估计性能.而且基于莱斯衰落信道下最佳滤波比值的分析和推导,得...     

基于角度约束采样的单站无源定位混合粒子滤波算法

为实现固定单站对运动辐射源的快速定位,该文给出了一种基于角度约束采样的混合粒子滤波算法。该算法从EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)滤波得到建议分布,利用角度测量对状态变量的约束关系从建议分布产生所需粒子,可以减少粒子滤波用于高维情况时所需的粒子数目,改善滤波性能,降低运算成本。结合利用多普勒变化率和角度测量的单站定位方法,与EKF,UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)以及一般混合粒子滤波算法的仿真比较表明,该算法在滤波收敛速度、跟踪精度以及稳定性方面优于其它算法,估计误差更接近Cramer-Rao下界。     

Cramer-Rao bounds in the parametric estimation of fadingradiotransmission channels

The context of this paper is parameter estimation for linearly modulated digital data signals observed on a frequency-flat time-selective fading channel affected by additive white Gaussian noise. The aim is the derivation of Cramer-Rao lower bounds for the joint estimation of all those channel parameters that impact signal detection, namely, carrier phase, carrier frequency offset (Doppler shift), frequency rate of change (Doppler rate), signal amplitude, fading power, and Gaussian noise power. Time-selective frequency-flat fading is modeled as a low-pass autoregressive multiplicative distortion process. In particular, the important case of “slow” fading, with the multiplicative process remaining constant over the whole data burst, is specifically discussed. Asymptotic expressions of the bounds, valid for a large observed sample or for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), are also derived in closed form. A few charts with numerical results are finally reported to highlight the dependence of the bounds on channel status (SNR, fading bandwidth, etc.)     

基于循环统计量检测的QAM信号多普勒参数盲估计

针对动中通卫星通信系统中QAM信号多普勒参数盲估计难的问题,提出了一种基于循环统计量检测的盲估计算法。算法无需同步和匹配滤波等预处理,通过检测QAM信号四倍频偏处的循环频率来估计多普勒频偏,并利用数据分段求频率的方法计算变化率。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比的高斯噪声信道和多径衰落信道下,算法均可以准确而有效地实现QAM信号多普勒参数的盲估计。     

Performance of coherent DS-SS/QPSK for mobile communications infast-fading multipath and high-frequency offset

We derive a closed-form bit error rate (BER) solution for equal- and nonequal-strength L-path channels considering imperfect channel estimation. The channel model assumes independent paths with Rayleigh fading statistics in a single-cell downlink environment. By using a simple maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, the effects of the channel estimation error due to Doppler shift, residual carrier frequency offset, interference, and additive white Gaussian noise are analyzed. In addition, we present the tradeoff between the noise compression capability and phase tracking capability of the ML estimator with observation length as a parameter. The results indicate that even with channel estimation, the high carrier frequency offset makes an uncoded BER unacceptably high. Also, we present two kinds of modulation techniques such as EC-QPSK and NC-QPSK. Through analysis, we show the performance comparison between these modulation techniques. Finally, we verify the derived BER by using Monte Carlo computer simulation     

Blind least-squares estimation of carrier phase, Doppler shift, andDoppler rate for m-PSK burst transmission

A novel blind algorithm is proposed for joint carrier phase/Doppler shift least-squares (LS) estimation for burst transmission of m-PSK modulated data. The algorithm can be extended to include Doppler rate estimation. The performance of the algorithm is contrasted against that of known algorithms, and it is shown to be advantageous particularly for short bursts and large frequency offsets. The signal-to-noise ratio penalty with respect to the ideal estimation case is shown to be below 1 dB for a frequency error as large as 0.1 of the symbol rate and bursts as short as 20 symbols     

OFDM系统中多普勒频偏估计技术仿真研究

研究了移动信道中的最大多普勒频移估计技术。分析了一种基于循环前缀的多普勒频移估计算法,该算法通过计算正交频分复用（OFDM）符号已有的循环前缀的相关函数来获得最大多普勒频移。采用广义平稳非相关散射下的多径时变瑞利信道模型,对各个算法进行了仿真试验,比较了各个算法的性能。仿真结果表明,利用多普勒分集技术,可以显著降低误码率,提高系统在移动环境下的性能。     

多普勒域上稀疏的双向中继信道估计

信道估计技术作为获得信道衰落信息的方法,是提高无线信道传输接收性能的关键技术。本文针对放大转发双向中继系统的时间选择性平坦衰落信道,利用信道在多普勒域的稀疏性进行压缩信道估计。相比于传统的线性估计方法,压缩信道估计考虑了信道的固有稀疏性,降低了导频的开销,改善了信道估计性能,提高了频谱利用率及系统吞吐量。文中通过对双向中继信道进行多普勒域的稀疏建模,仿真分析了信道估计性能随着导频数量增加、信噪比增加,得到不断改善;而不同的导频分布将影响观测矩阵的相关度,从而对信道估计产生影响。仿真表明,当导频随机分布时,信道估计效果最佳。同时,文中还仿真分析了最大多普勒频移对信道估计性能的影响。      

一种PCM相参脉冲序列多普勒频率变化率估计算法

相位编码调制信号是一种典型的脉冲压缩信号,广泛应用于脉冲压缩体制的低截获概率雷达中。来波信号中多普勒频率变化率的高精度估计是基于质点运动学原理的单站无源定位与跟踪的一个关键技术。该文针对信号脉内相位调制和多普勒频率变化率信息非常微弱的特点,提出了一种快速高精度估计算法,通过相邻脉冲间的时域相关消除了相位调制对参数估计的影响,频域积累增强了信噪比,利用脉冲间的相参特性进行频谱相关消除了相位模糊,并放大了多普勒频率变化率信息。算法计算量小,为实际应用提供了良好条件。计算机仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

Blind estimation and detection of space-time trellis coded transmissions over the Rayleigh fading MIMO channel

We present a joint channel estimation and detection method of space-time trellis codes (STTC) in the context of an unknown flat fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. A combined state-space model for the space-time code and the Rayleigh fading MIMO channel is introduced, in order to use deterministic particle filtering at the receiver side. An important feature of the proposed method is that the fading rate need not be known to the receiver. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the performances of the proposed scheme are close to decoding with perfect channel state information (CSI) using the Viterbi algorithm (VA).     

Adaptive symbol-by-symbol reception of MPSK on the Gaussian channelwith unknown carrier phase characteristics

An adaptive version of the optimum, decision-aided, symbol-by-symbol receiver obtained in our previous works for M-ary phase shift keying over the Gaussian channel with unknown carrier phase characteristics is considered. It uses a first-order adaptive filter for carrier reference tracking, and the filter gain is adapted on-line based on the observed signal samples using a least-mean-square-error criterion. The phase tracking performance of the filter in the steady-state tracking mode is analyzed using a linearized model. The phase tracking error variance is minimized due to the risk function used in designing the filter gain adaptation algorithm. The bit-error probability for quadrature phase shift-keying is obtained, both analytically and via computer simulations     

基于阵列单通道的机动目标DOA跟踪方法

针对现有利用阵列单通道系统对机动目标跟踪精度不高,实时性差等不足,提出了一种新的基于改进粒子滤波算法的阵列单通道机动目标波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)跟踪方法。该方法首先在利用接收机轮流采样建立数学模型的基础上,建立跟踪模型。然后,利用粒子群优化算法对马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)粒子滤波算法的重采样环节进行优化处理,给出了一种交互MCMC粒子滤波算法,该算法克服了传统粒子滤波算法粒子退化及样本贫化的固有缺陷。最后利用该算法求解跟踪方程,实现了实时DOA估计。理论分析与仿真结果表明,本文方法可实现基于阵列单通道的DOA跟踪与波束形成一体化,且能够处理相干信号,与标准粒子滤波和子空间类算法相比,收敛速度快,跟踪精度高。      

基于粒子滤波框架联合仿射和外貌模型的目标跟踪

针对视频序列中目标的跟踪问题,提出了一种基于粒子滤波框架的联合仿射和外貌模型的目标跟踪算法.该算法首先提取图像帧之间的相关特征点,通过求解Sylvester方程得到仿射参数,然后将仿射参数嵌入到基于仿射群的粒子滤波框架中进行平滑估计.利用基于仿射群的一阶自回归过程模拟状态的变化,联合仿射特征点模型和外貌模型进行似然估计,得到粒子的最佳平均状态,进而对目标实施跟踪.实验结果表明,在目标经历姿势和尺度变化、遮挡以及复杂背景等情况下,提出的算法能够有效地跟踪目标,较之其他相关算法具有很强的鲁棒性.     

一种MIMO-OFDM信道混合估计方法

传统的信道估计方法往往假设多径分量数已知且为常数,粒子滤波算法可估计服从高斯分布的时变信道。实际无线环境中,多径分量数目与幅度皆为时变,则粒子滤波估计方法性能恶化。本文提出基于二进制粒子群算法和卡尔曼滤波的MIMO-OFDM信道混合估计方法。采用随机集建模MIMO信道,并分析得到其多径转移概率模型;基于此模型将信道分解为离散部分和连续部分,推导得到此两部分与整体信道关系;采用二进制粒子群算法拟合信道离散部分,利用卡尔曼滤波估计信道幅度,将利用信道估计计算得到的观测值与真实观测值的近似程度作为适应度函数。仿真结果表明:本文所提出的信道估计方法性能优于基本粒子滤波的信道估计方法。     

基于谱线平移的低信噪比高动态信号多普勒频偏捕获算法

针对低信噪比高动态信号的载波频偏捕获提出了一种新的算法即谱线平移算法.首先,介绍了现有的大载波频偏捕获技术,分析了其不能适应高动态信号捕获的原因;其次,分析了载波频偏及其变化率对载波频偏捕获的影响,主要考虑多普勒频移变化率对信号捕获的影响,它将严重限制低信噪比情况下对载波频偏估计时非相干累加的次数,在此基础上,提出并研究了适应低信噪比高动态信号大载波频偏捕获的谱线平移算法,并对算法进行了性能仿真,表明其具有2 ～3dB的改善增益,与最大似然算法相比具有绝对优势.