圆坯连铸结晶器热流研究

 对圆坯连铸结晶器平均热流和局部热流进行了研究。分析了拉速、电磁搅拌电流和弯月面波动等工艺参数对结晶器局部热流(高热流区热流)和平均热流的影响。结果表明：拉速为14~26 m/min,搅拌电流在200~320 A时,局部热流与平均热流变化趋势不完全一致。局部热流对工艺参数反应敏感,传热极不均匀;平均热流不能完全反映局部热流的变化,局部热流能更及时地反映坯壳的凝固情况。     

软接触电磁连铸过程中结晶器及初生坯壳的传热

为了解高频磁场对软接触电磁连铸结晶器及初生坯壳传热行为的影响,用有限元二维数值模拟方法计算了软接触连铸过程中结晶器及初生坯壳的传热.得知在高频磁场（f=20 kHz）作用下,电磁场的感应加热会减少连铸初生坯壳的厚度、提高连铸坯的表面温度,并大幅度提高分瓣结晶器铜壁的温度.     

双条型磁极对连铸结晶器内钢液流动特性的影响

在可实现振动、水冷及拉坯的连铸模拟装置上,采用双条型磁极,分别用低熔点Pb-Sn-Bi合金和硅油模拟钢液和保护渣,对连铸结晶器内的液态金属的流动特性进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:双条型磁极的作用使连铸结晶器内的液态金属中产生了环形电流,能有效地抑制水口出流速度,消除和削弱水口出流对初生坯壳的冲刷;能够有效地抑制弯月面波动.但当磁场强度增大到一定程度时,磁场的作用效果增加不明显.     

Heat Withdrawal in the Mold in Continuous Casting of Steel. Review and Analysis

Two principal methods are used to investigate the heat transfer in the continuous casting mold. The direct way is to measure cooling water temperatures, mold wall temperatures, strand temperatures and shell thickness in actual operation, and then deduce from these data the correlations for heat flux densities. The other way is to investigate the “unit operations” of heat transfer theoretically or experimentally in the laboratory, viz. heat transfer through a layer of casting flux or of gas, and heat transfer in a copper wall cooled on one side by water. The results obtained in this approach can then be used to explain the data determined with the direct method and to optimize the heat transfer behaviour of the mold in the machine. In the first part of this paper some unit operations are discussed and engineering formulae are given for computation of the heat resistances of the gap and the copper/water system. In the second part of the paper the available operational data on heat flux density are analysed. Algorithms are presented for computation of local and average heat flux density as functions of casting speed, carbon content of the steel and composition of the casting flux. Finally, values of shell thickness are computed with the correlation for heat flux density and are compared with the measured data.     

Heat Transfer and Deformation Behavior of Shell Solidification in Wide and Thick Slab Continuous Casting Mold

With the considerations of the behaviors of shell deformation, mold flux film and air gap dynamic distribution in shell/mold gap, a two dimensional slice-travel transient thermo-mechanical coupled model of simulation shell solidification in wide and thick slab continuous casting mold was developed by using the commercial program ANSYS. The evolutions of strand-mold system thermal behaviors, including the air gap formation and the mold flux film dynamical distribution in shell/mold gap and shell temperature field, and the evolutions of shell deformation and stress distribution of peritectic steel solidified in a 2120 mm wide and 266 mm thick slab continuous casting mold were analyzed. The results show that the air gap formation and the thick mold flux film distribution mainly concentrate in the regions 0–21 mm and 0–7 mm, 0–120 mm and 0–100 mm off the shell wide and narrow faces corners, and thus the hot spots are given rise to form in the regions 15–55 mm and 15–50 mm off the shell wide and narrow face corners. The shell server deformation occurs in the off-corners in the middle and lower parts of the mold. The stress evolution in shell surface is tensile stress, while that in shell solidification front is compressive stress.     

软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的发展

介绍了软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的基本原理，评述了该技术的发展过程，分析了在该技术研究中尚需解决的问题。作者认为，对于该技术的基本原理和规律的研究已较充分，但仍存在某些关键技术问题有待解决，为使该技术实用化，应加强此方面的研究。     

高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术

阐述并分析了高效连铸结晶器的关键技术,重点介绍了高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术研究开发的主要内容,指出开发和应用高效板坯连铸结晶器集成技术对提高我国板坯连铸的整体水平具有重要意义。     

Effect of Carbon Properties on Melting Behavior of Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting of Steels

Mold fluxes are synthetic slags used to coverthe liquid steel meniscus during continuous castingof steel.The flux,whichis continuously fed on thesurface of liquid pool during casting,melts first andthenflowsintothe gap between mold wall and solid-ified steel shell.It is well known that the perform-ance of the flux can greatly affect both the castingoperation and product quality.Because of its i mpor-tance,intensiveinvestigations have been performed,and considerable progress has been made[1-6].…     

连铸圆坯结晶器的热流分析

笔者采用专门设计的热流传感器对弧形连铸圆坯结晶器的热流进行在线检测.结果表明:沿结晶器的高度和周向热流的分布是瞬间变化且不均匀的.温度的在线检测不能代替热流的在线检测,后者可更准确和直接地反映结晶器传热和坯壳厚度的均匀性;同时在线检测结晶器的温度和热流有可能对结晶器的设备状态(如结晶器的安装状况和水垢状况)实现在线预测.     

连铸保护渣开发状况分析

对连铸保护渣的发展历程进行了详细介绍,对保护渣的渣层结构控制、绝热保温、防止氧化、润滑、改善传热和吸收夹杂物等冶金功能进行了论述,并按生产方式的不同对几种保护渣的加工方式及优缺点进行了分析,对无氟保护渣、超低碳保护渣、彩色保护渣及高铝钢保护渣的研究现状进行了简要介绍。     

连铸结晶器保护渣结晶温度

实验采用WCT-2型微机差热天平,用来研究了保护渣的化学组成和冷却速率对其结晶温度的影响.结果表明:(1)在实验条件下,碱度升高,保护渣的结晶温度先升高后降低;(2)F-含量增加,保护渣的结晶温度提高;(3)随着Na₂O,Al₂O₃,MgO含量的增加,保护渣的结晶温度下降;(4)保护渣的结晶温度随冷却速率的增加略有下降.     

连续铸钢过程中结晶器的传热研究

 为了研究结晶器内壁温度的分布,设计了模拟结晶器工作过程的实验装置,并进行了实验。实验结果表明,结晶器内壁温度趋近于冷却水温度。基于实验,推导了结晶器边界等效导热系数。该系数用于解决金属和冷却水之间的传热,即反映结晶器的传热能力。用等效导热系数处理结晶器的边界传热,对包括结晶器在内的连铸凝固进程温度场进行数值模拟既简单又方便,并且计算结果与实验结果符合。还讨论了拉坯速度和冷却水流量对结晶器温度场的影响。     

结晶器中连铸保护渣的润滑与选择

在Hasselströn,Chone等人工作的基础上,根据流体力学原理推导了一个计算连铸结晶器中保护渣膜厚度的新公式。和原有计算法相比,该公式考察的因素更全面,它为保护渣的选择和连铸有关工艺参数的确定提供了依据。     

软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术研究现状

 从磁场分布和结晶器设计、磁场对铸坯表面质量改善的机理、电磁场作用下结晶器内弯月面的行为、磁场施加方式的演变等几个方面,综合论述了软接触结晶器电磁连铸技术的发展现状,并指出了该技术未来发展过程中值得注意的几个方面。     

保护渣性能对结晶器内传热的影响

在实验室模拟研究了结晶器内酸性保护渣的传热情况。结果表明:增加保护渣的粘度、提高保护渣的凝固温度,结晶器与坯壳之间渣膜的传热系数和热流密度都减小而热阻增加。通过调整保护渣的性能,可调节渣膜的传热系数,使其适应连铸坯生产的要求。

     

方坯高效连铸新型结晶器传热分析与应用

提出了方坯高效连铸结晶器有效结构形式,并通过ansys有限元软件,建立高效连铸结晶器与传统结晶器铜管的传热模型,并对其凝固传热以及温度场进行计算对比,重点讨论不同结构形式的结晶器在传热效率及传热均匀性方面的差异,并讨论其对高拉速下坯壳凝固的影响。结果表明,高效结晶器可以使得结晶器的传热效率提高7.8%,并且使得结晶器铜管热面最高温度降低100℃,热面温差降低到5℃以下。作者根据该理论,通过有限元优化设计,设计制造出方坯高效连铸结晶器,并应用于某钢厂155mm方断面的铸机上,稳定生产拉速达到4m/min,最大拉速达到4.46m/min。     

Modeling of Melt Flow and Surface Standing Waves in a Continuous Casting Mold

Majority of surface and subsurface defects in the continuously cast steel may be attributed to surface standing waves and turbulence. A lot of work has been done on surface defects and on understanding the behavior of the surface waves but there is a dearth of literature connecting the two. Also 3‐D modeling of surface waves with heat transfer and solidification has received little attention. In the present study, a 3‐dimensional mathematical model incorporating turbulent fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification using a commercial code, FLOW3D, was developed. Using the model, the applicability of Froude criterion for scaling down industrial flow systems was analyzed. Although the small scale models, using this criterion, correctly predict the general fluid flow but the prediction of surface waves is not very accurate. Also, the effect of temperature is difficult to incorporate in water models. The model was used to study the effect of temperature on surface waves and verify the water modeling results. The effects of casting and SEN parameters on the fluid flow and surface waves were studied.