硬脂酸改性凹土增强聚氨酯革的分析表征

表观性能和力学性能测试表明，经1％硬脂酸表面处理的凹土所制备的革样PU（NO#_el）的性能显著提高；扫描电镜对革的微观结构和形貌的考察显示，凹土（No#-el）中的凹土和白云石皆能够均匀的充分分散于聚氨酯中与聚氨酯树脂有效的溶合；傅立叶红外光谱、失重热示分析认为，硬脂酸通过化学反应使凹土、白云石与聚氨酯树脂有效溶合，从而提高凹土的填充性能，进而提高聚氨酯革的力学性能。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、蒙脱土（MMT）以及乙醇胺为主要原料,采用原位氧化还原聚合的方法制备出一种聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）、粉末X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重（TGA）等分析手段表征所制备的纳米复合材料的结构。通过原位氧化还原聚合方法成功制备了完全剥离型复合材料和部分插层结构型复合材料。结果表明,MMT的加入显著提高了复合材料的热稳^串性能。此外,还推测出纳米复合材料的形成机理。     

Preparation of Magnetic Fluorescent Dual-drug Nanocomposites for Codelivery of Kaempferol and Paclitaxel

Magnetic fluorescent dual-drug nanocomposites(MFDDs) were developed with the aim of simultaneouly delivering two different anticancer drugs, kaempferol(KAE) and paclitaxel(PTX). Firstly, Fe_3O_4/bovine serum albumin(Fe_3O_4/BSA) composite microspheres with physically entrapped KAE were prepared, then microspheres were modified with PTX/graphene quantum dots(PTX/GQDs) through chemically bonding, and the MFDDs were obtained. The properties of nancomposites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It was found that the superparamagnetic nanocomposites had ultrafine size(below 110 nm), high saturation magnetization of 24.36 emu/g, and significant fluorescence. Furthermore, the cumulative in vitro release of the MFDDs exhibited controlled drug release. Cell viability experiments confirmed that the co-administration of KAE with PTX had a superior cytotoxicity to the Hela cells compared with single drug-loaded forms. Therefore, dual anticancer drug-loaded MFDDs have the potential to be used for cancer combined chemotherapy.     

热塑性聚氨酯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料力学行为研究

通过溶液共混法制备了热塑性聚氨酯（ TPU ）/凹凸棒土（ AT ）纳米复合材料,研究AT的加入对TPU基体滞后、拉伸应力软化行为和松弛效应的影响。研究结果显示：随着AT的加入,纳米复合材料的滞后圈增大,拉伸应力软化效应增强,应力松弛速率和程度降低。 TPU/AT体系分子链运动模型表明纳米复合材料力学行为的改变,可能是因为AT和TPU基体间形成了氢键,阻碍了分子链的运动。     

无皂乳液聚合制备PMMA／MMT纳米复合材料的研究

采用离子交换法,用溴化烯丙基三乙基铵对钠基蒙脱土进行改性制备了有机蒙脱土,再以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过无皂乳液聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯朦脱土（PMM-MMT）纳米复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对有机蒙脱土和复合材料的结构进行表征。结果表明：溴化烯丙基三乙基铵成功插层到蒙脱土层间,层间距由1．32nm增大到1．44nm;FTIR和XRD测试结果表明不同蒙脱土含量的PMMA/MMT纳米复合材料均具有剥离型结构;SEM测试结果表明PMMA/MMT纳米复合粒子的粒径随蒙脱土含量的增加而减小。     

Synthesis and Enhanced Electrochemical Activity of Ag-Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticles Decorated MWCNTs/PANI Nanocomposites

Ag-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles decorated on MWCNTs/PANI nanocomposites have been synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization and chemical co-reduction method. The Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the nanocomposites. It can be observed that the PANI was uniformly grown along the MWCNTs to form MWCNsT/PANI fiber-like nanocomposites with diameter about 60 nm, and the Ag-Pt binary nanoparticles were decorated onto MWCNTs/PANI with particle sizes around 6.8 nm. Cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode. The results demonstrated that the obtained MWCNTs/PANI/Ag-Pt electrode displayed a good electrochemical activity and fast electron transport, which has potential applications in biosensors and supercapacitors.     

有机硅改性聚氨酯预聚体的制备及表征

以聚己二酸乙二醇酯、甲苯-2．4二异氰酸酯、二元醇、羟基硅油为主要原料,合成有机硅改性聚氨酯密封剂预聚体。用红外光谱法对其结构进行表征,同时测定预聚体的物理性能。结果表明．合成的聚氨酯密封剂预聚体受环境温度、空气湿度影响小,存放时间长,因此提高了密封胶力学性能。     

凹凸棒石处理阴离子表面活性剂废水

目的研究凹凸棒石吸附废水中阴离子表面活性剂LAS的可行性及处理效果,考察其吸附LAS的一般规律．方法以自配LAS水样为处理对象,比较凹凸棒石原土和不同改性方法改性的凹凸棒石对LAS的吸附效果,选择吸附剂;分析反应时间、温度和pH对经盐酸改性后的凹凸棒石吸附LAS的影响．结果用2mol·L^-1的盐酸改性的凹凸棒石吸附LAS符合Freundlich吸附等温式,其LAS去除率可达70．69％;反应时间越长,LAS的去除率越高,30min时可达到较高的去除率;改性凹凸棒石在酸性和中性条件下对LAS的吸附作用明显优于碱性条件．结论改性凹凸棒石适合做含阴离子表面活性剂废水处理的吸附剂,经盐酸改性的凹凸棒石吸附效果最好．     

纳米碳纤维掺杂量与取向对纳米碳纤维/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯复合材料介电性能的影响

通过微波法化学镀镍对纳米碳纤维(CNFs)进行表面改性,采用熔融共混法将表面改性的CNFs与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)复合制备CNFs/EVA复合材料,在模压交联过程中对复合材料施加磁场,使表面镀镍的CNFs在复合材料基体中沿磁场方向取向;用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察表面改性前后CNFs表面形貌和结构、复合材料内部微观结构及取向情况;用宽频介电谱仪与阻抗谱仪对复合材料进行介电谱测试,研究了CNFs的取向与掺杂量对复合材料介电性能的影响,并用四探针法测量复合材料的体电阻率。研究结果表明,掺杂量和是否取向对复合材料介电性能影响较大;CNFs掺杂质量分数为0.5%时,取向复合材料相对介电常数最低,施加磁场取向不会增加复合材料的介电损耗,少量掺杂即可大幅降低复合材料的体电阻率。     

熔融共混法制备粘土/聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料的研究

利用十六烷基季铵盐对累托石(REC)进行了有机化处理，采用不同填充量(2、5、8份)的REC及有机累托石(ORECB)与热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPUR)进行熔融共混，制备了粘土／热塑性聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料；采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X—射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及Molau实验方法研究了REC及ORECB在TPUR中的分散性，研究了复合材料的力学性能。结果表明：ORECB在质量分数为2份时复合材料的拉伸强度提高了40％；撕裂强度在所加份数范围内呈现递增趋势，8份时提高了40％。     

Preparation of Intercalated Clay/Phenolic Resin Nanocomposites under High Pressure

High pressure method was ased for the first time to produce rectorite clay （REC）/phenolic resin （PF） and organic rectorite clay （OREC） /phenolic resin and montmorillonite（ MMT）lphenolic resin （PF） nanocomposites. The structure of the material phase was studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared （ FT- IR ） spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis （ TGA ）, and atomic force microscopg＂ （AFM）. The experimental results show that intercalated clay/resin nanocomposites could form under normal temperature and high pressure conditions by the intercalation of polymeric molecules rather than interlayer polymerization.     

Effect of Post-spinning Modification on the PAN Precursors and Resulting Carbon Fibers

The impregnation of a special grade PAN precursor,fibers wus carried out in a 8 wt% KMnO4 aqueous solution to obtain modified PAN precursor fibers. The effects of modification on the chemical stncture and the mechanical properties of precursor fibers thermally stabilized and their resulting carbon fibers u＇ere characterized by the combiination use of densities, wide-angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, X-ray photoelectron speetroscopy （XPS）, elemental analysis （ EA ）, Fourier traasform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, etc.KMnO4 as a strong oxidizer can swell, oxidize and corrode the skin of a precursor.fiber, and transform C≡N groups to C≡N ones, meamchile , it can decreuse the crystal .size increuse the orientation index and the costallinity index, furthermore it can increuse the densities of modified PAN precursors and resuhing thermally stabilized fibers. As a result, the carbon fibers developed from modified PAN fibers show an improvement in tensile strength of 31.25 % and an improvement in elongation of 77.78 % , but a decrease of 16. 52% in Young＇s modulus.     

Effect of attapulgite added in plating bath on the properties of Ni/TiC nano-composite coatings

Pure copper plates were coated by Ni-TiC dipulse current plating method. The effects of adding different concentration(ranging from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L) of attapulgite nano particles to the plating bath on the surface morphology, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of Ni/TiC/Attapulgite nano-composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite coating is flat and compact with adding 3.0 g/L in the bath, and the coating preferred orientation is changed from the planes (111) to (200). The coefficient of the composite coatings decreases from 0.68 to 0.18 with increasing content of attapulgite in the bath, a mixed mode of adhesive-abrasive wear occurs for all coatings, and the wear mechanism shows a transition from adhesive-abrasive to predominantly abrasive wear mechanism when the concentration of attapulgite is beyond 1.5 g/L in electrolyte. The oxidation resistance of composite coatings is the best prepared when adding attapulgite particles at 0.5 g/L in the bath, the oxide mainly consists of a NiO phase by X-ray analysis.     

改善有机硅改性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯相容性的研究

采用丙烯酸酯单体与端羟基硅油、聚氧乙烯基醚进行自由基聚合反应和羟基缩合反应,制得了含有羟基的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯树脂,并以多异氰酸酯预聚体为交联剂配制成常温自干涂料,较好地改善了有机硅丙烯酸酯聚氨酯之间的相容性.借助红外光谱测试、差示扫描量热分析法、溶解度参数值分析等方法对产物的相容性进行了研究.实验表明,含有聚醚链段的有机硅改性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料具有优异的综合性能.     

纳米蒙脱土的制备及在超高分子量聚乙烯中的应用

采用插层聚合方法,用苯乙烯(ST)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)等单体,对蒙脱土进行了层间改性,并与聚合物共混挤出制备了纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪、转矩流变仪、红外光谱仪等仪器,对改性蒙脱土的层间结构进行的表征可知,随着单体插层、层间聚合、熔融共混的进行,蒙脱土的层间距从1.470 nm逐渐增大至2.643 nm,最终消失,表明蒙脱土发生了层间剥离,与子聚合物形成了纳米复合材料;改性前后蒙脱土的红外谱图在1465~1440 cm-1和2910~2830 cm-1处的特征峰发生了明显的变化,这从分子结构上证明了蒙脱土的改性。同时比较了添加不同改性蒙脱土的超高分子量聚乙烯的扭矩变化,3种单体改性的蒙脱土均能有效降低聚合物扭矩,其中苯乙烯单体插层聚合改性的蒙脱土对聚合物体系扭矩影响最大。     

环氧基封端的聚氨酯改性明胶的研究

研究了带有环氧基的聚氨酯对明胶进行改性的实验条件,探讨了不同配比环氧基封端的水性聚氨酯改性明胶膜的机械性能、接触角、透湿性能的影响．结果表明：当聚氨酯和明胶的质量比为5：5时,改性膜的机械性能最佳,即断裂伸长率可达317．18％,抗张强度为40．28N·mm^2,接触角为65．3°,透湿量可达309g·m^-2．24h^-1．使用红外光谱对环氧基封端的聚氨酯、明胶、聚氨酯改性明胶进行了结构表征．     

Synthesis and characterization of Pt-MoOx-TiO2 electrodes for direct ethanol fuel cells

To enhance the CO-tolerance performance of anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells,carbon nanotubes were modified by titanium dioxide(donated as CNTs@TiO2)and subsequently served as the support for the preparation of Pt/CNTs@TiO2 and Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO2 electrocatalysts via a UV-photoreduction method.The physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts were carried out by using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed probe ammonia molecules.The electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts for methanol oxidation were investigated by the cyclic voltammetry technique.The results show that Pt-Mo/CNTs@TiO2 electrode exhibits the highest performance in all the electrodes.It is explained that,the structure,the oxidation states,and the acid-base properties of the catalysts are influenced due to the strong interaction between Ti and Mo species by adding TiO2 and MoOx to the Pt-based catalysts.     

凹凸棒土改性PA6纤维的制备及其结构与性能研究

利用凹凸棒土（AT）的特殊结构对PA6进行改性以制得高附加值的AT/PA6纳米复合材料,利用红外光谱（FTIR）分析改性前后材料物化性能的变化;用扫描电镜（SEM）观察复合材料的相容性;用差热分析（DSC）和热失重测试（TG）研究改性对热稳定性能的影响;用X射线衍射（XRD）分析改性前后结晶度的变化以及用纤维力学性能测试对比改性前后的强度和弹性变化.测试表明,AT的加入不会改变PA6的原有性能,能提高PA6的结晶度,改变材料的力学性能;凹凸棒土含量的增加会影响其在PA6中的分布,当含量低于15%时能较好地分散在PA6基体中;含少量凹凸棒土的PA6共混材料能够提高材料的热稳定性能和耐热性.     

季铵盐超支化改性及其在蒙脱土中的应用

采用超支化技术对季铵盐(QAS)进行了改性.通过紫外光谱(UV)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重(TGA)等手段,分析了超支化季铵盐的结构与性能.将其应用到蒙脱土的有机化改性中,并和普通季铵盐改性的有机蒙脱土进行对比分析.X-线衍射(XRD)和TGA结果表明,超支化季铵盐改性的蒙脱土层间距以及热稳定性能得到了较大程度的提高.     

Surface modification of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles and their magnetic properties

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method,and the influences of the surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) on the particles were investigated. The structure,morphology,and magnetic properties of the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR),and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is confirmed that the as-prepared nanoparticles have been modified by ...