模拟油田H_2S/CO_2环境中油管钢的动态腐蚀行为研究

在模拟油田CO2/H2S共存的腐蚀环境中,研究了温度、CO2分压、H2S分压对N80、P110两种油管钢动态腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在实验参数范围内,随着温度、CO2分压、H2S分压的变化,两种材质的动态腐蚀速率都呈现了先增大后减小的变化趋势,且P110钢的腐蚀速率大于N80钢的腐蚀速率。     

耐硫化氢腐蚀钢在硫化氢介质中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法、X射线光电子能谱仪和扫描电镜等方法对抗硫化氢腐蚀的套管钢BG110S在含饱和硫化氢的NACE溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明:耐硫化氢腐蚀钢在25℃含饱和硫化氢的NACE溶液中与硫化氢发生了反应,形成双层结构的腐蚀产物膜,外层是以四方晶系FeS为主的腐蚀产物膜,内层为铬、铜等合金元素硫化物的腐蚀产物膜;腐蚀产物膜能够阻挡基体合金元素与硫化氢发生进一步的腐蚀反应,降低了氢原子渗透量,从而提高了耐硫化氢腐蚀钢的抗硫化氢腐蚀的性能。     

大气环境中SO_2和H_2S对铜的电化学腐蚀行为比较

采用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线比较研究了含有SO2或H2S的大气环境中铜电极在液膜中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果显示,随着SO2或H2S含量的增加,铜电极的电荷转移电阻和膜电阻减小,双电层电容和膜电容增大,同时铜电极的腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流密度增大,大气中的SO2或H2S可能通过改变铜电极表面腐蚀产物的组成,降低电极反应阻力,促进铜的阳极溶解过程,加速铜的腐蚀。在相同质量浓度下,两种腐蚀性气体中H2S对铜的侵蚀性更大。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_x(x=0,0.25) High-Entropy Alloys

CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_x(x=0,0.25) alloys based on these parameters of mixing enthalpy(△H_(mix),mixing entropy(△S_(mix),atomic radius difference(δ),valance electron concentration,and electronegativity difference(△χ) were designed and prepared.The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical behavior of both alloys were investigated.Compressive test results showed that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy had higher yield strength than that of the W-free CrFeNi_2V_(0.5) alloy,although they all exhibited quite larger compressive plasticity(ε 70%).Compression fracture surface of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy revealed a ductile fracture in the face-centered cubic(FCC) phase and a brittle-like fracture in the σ phase.Moreover,tensile test results indicated that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy exhibited excellent mechanical property with an ultimate tensile strength of 640 MPa and a high tensile elongation of 15.7%.The tensile deformation mode of the FCC phase in the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25)alloy is dominated by planar glide,relating to dislocation configurations,high-density dislocations,and dislocation wall.Therefore,dislocation slip plays a significant role in tensile deformation of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) high-entropy alloy.The higher strength of CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy is predominantly due to the solid solution strengthening of W element and σ phase precipitation strengthening.Combination of the higher tensile strength and plasticity suggests that the CrFeNi_2V_(0.5)W_(0.25) alloy can be a promising aerospace material.     

H2S腐蚀的控制

本文总结了H2 S腐蚀控制的常用方法 (包括耐蚀材料的应用、腐蚀介质的处理、保护性覆盖层的使用等 ) ,对从事H2 S腐蚀控制的工作者有一定的参考作用     

The Corrosion of Cu–Al Binary Alloys in H2/H2S/H2O Atmospheres at 400–900°C

The corrosion behavior of pure Cu and of three Cu–Al alloys containing 1, 5, and 10 wt.% Al was studied at 400–900°C in a H₂/H₂S/H₂O gas mixture. Both Cu–1Al and Cu–5Al alloys had the single-phase structure of α-Cu, while Cu–10Al was the intermetallic compound Cu₃Al. In general, the corrosion behavior of all the alloys followed the parabolic rate law, and the corrosion rate constants generally increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing Al content. The scale formed on pure Cu was an exclusive single layer of Cu₂S, while the scales formed on Cu–Al alloys were heterophasic and duplex, consisting of an outer layer of Cu₂S and an inner layer of Cu₂S and CuAlS₂. X-ray diffraction results showed no evidence of oxides and the amount of CuAlS₂ increased with increasing Al content. The formation of Cu₂S and CuAlS₂ on higher Al-content alloys resulted in a subsurface phase transformation from α-Cu (for Cu–5Al) or from Cu₃Al (for Cu–10Al) to Cu₃Al + Cu₉Al₄. The formation of CuAlS₂ in the inner layer of Cu–Al alloys was responsible for the reduction of corrosion rates, as compared to those of pure Cu.     

H2S/CO2环境下两种镍基合金的腐蚀行为

应用电化学极化法和溶液浸泡法对两种耐蚀合金(G3和Incoloy 825)在50℃氯化铁溶液中的点蚀敏感性进行了研究;采用高温高压釜研究了在含H2S/CO2气体介质中材料的高温腐蚀性能以及试验温度的影响。利用能谱分析仪(EDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了腐蚀后试样表面的微观形貌及组成。结果表明,Incoloy 825合金极化曲线中阳极曲线部分很平缓,无钝化区出现,极化度较低,G3阳极区有钝化区,点蚀电位相对较高;G3耐点蚀性能优于Incoloy825,其点蚀临界温度高于50℃;随着温度升高,两种材料的腐蚀程度加剧,其中Incoloy 825在高温下出现点蚀现象。     

X52钢在含H_2S/CO_2混合气体的三甘醇溶液中的腐蚀行为

借助静态常温常压釜和CHI660D电化学工作站,研究了X52钢在含H_2S/CO_2混合气体的80%(质量分数)三甘醇溶液中的腐蚀行为,同时借助JC2000C1接触角/界面张力测量仪研究了冷凝水及三甘醇对X52钢的浸润性。结果表明:在含H_2S/CO_2混合气体的三甘醇溶液中X52钢的腐蚀速率比在同样含H_2S/CO_2混合气体的冷凝水中的低;在三甘醇溶液浸泡后的X52钢表面几乎无腐蚀产物堆积,但存在局部点蚀坑;80%三甘醇溶液对管壁造成的腐蚀面积比相同体积的冷凝水的更大。     

黄铜在含硫酸盐还原菌的模拟冷却水中的腐蚀行为

结合扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析,采用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线测试以及丝束电极(WBE)技术,对黄铜电极在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的模拟冷却水中表面成膜及腐蚀状况进行了分析。结果表明,在含菌模拟冷却水溶液中,电极表面会形成一层生物膜,电极表面含有铜和硫等元素。电化学测试分析结果显示,随着浸泡时间延长,无菌溶液中铜电极的阻抗值不断增大,腐蚀电流密度下降;含菌溶液中铜电极的阻抗值则随时间减小,腐蚀电流密度显著增大;浸泡初期电极表面的极差较大,随时间延长极差不断减小,显示浸泡初期电极表面状态不一致性较大,可能是浸泡初期SRB在电极表面成膜不均匀,从而导致局部区域的腐蚀。     

Zr基非晶合金在含Cl~-介质中的腐蚀行为

采用真空单辊甩带法制备了(Zr_(56)Al_(16)Co_(28))_(100-x)Y_x(x=0,2,4)的合金试样,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学极化曲线和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Zr-Al-Co非晶合金在含Cl-介质中的腐蚀行为及添加稀土Y的影响。结果表明,随着Cl-浓度的增加,(Zr_(56)Al_(16)Co_(28))_(100-x)Y_x(x=0,2,4)非晶合金的腐蚀速率加快;且添加适量的Y显著提高了非晶合金的耐腐蚀性。     

Effect of Aluminum Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al x CoCrFeMo0.5Ni High-Entropy Alloys

High-entropy alloys Al _x CoCrFeMo_0.5Ni with varied Al contents (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) have been designed based on the Al _x CoCrCuFeNi system to improve mechanical properties for room and elevated temperatures. They have been investigated for microstructure and mechanical properties. As the aluminum content increases, the as-cast structure evolves from face-centered cubic dendrite + minor σ-phase interdendrite at x = 0 to B2 dendrite with body-centered cubic (bcc) precipitates + bcc interdendrite with B2 precipitates at x = 2.0. This confirms the strong bcc-forming tendency of Al. The room-temperature Vickers hardness starts from the lowest, HV 220, at x = 0, attains to the maximum, HV 720, at x = 1.0, and then decreases to HV 615 at x = 2.0. Compared with the base alloy system, the current alloy system has a superior combination of hardness and fracture toughness. In addition, Al _x CoCrFeMo_0.5Ni alloys except x = 0 display a higher hot hardness level than those of Ni-based superalloys, including In 718 and In 718 H, up to 1273 K and show great potential in high-temperature applications.     

Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants Containing Five Membered Ring: Application as Corrosion Inhibitor of Carbon Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 Solution

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The inhibition effect of the synthetic nonionic surfactants (NIS) on the dissolution of carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution has been...     

模拟塔里木油田环境中低Cr钢的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为

通过高温高压腐蚀试验,运用SEM、XRD、EDS等分析技术.研究了普通P110与3Cr110钢在模拟塔里木油田现场环境中的CO2/H2S腐蚀特征.结果表明:在模拟CO2腐蚀环境中,这两种材料的腐蚀产物为FeCO3,3Cr110表现出良好的抗CO2均匀腐蚀及局部腐蚀能力,其平均腐蚀速率显著小于普通P110;模拟CO2/H2S腐蚀条件下,两种材料的均匀腐蚀速率远小于单独CO2腐蚀环境下的均匀腐蚀速率,表面腐蚀产物为FeS,H2S腐蚀占主导作用,Cr元素在低Cr钢腐蚀产物膜中的富集,其腐蚀产物Cr(OH)3改善了腐蚀产物膜的稳定性,显著提高了低Cr钢的抗均匀腐蚀及局部腐蚀能力.     

含Nb耐候桥梁钢在模拟工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为

采用失重分析、电子探针分析、X射线衍射分析及电化学测试等对含Nb耐候桥梁钢在模拟工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为进行了研究,并着重研究了Nb对耐候桥梁钢腐蚀机制的影响.结果显示:含Nb耐候桥梁钢的腐蚀动力学曲线符合幂函数规律,这表明增加Nb含量可以提高腐蚀初期桥梁钢的耐蚀性,腐蚀后期,增加Nb含量对锈层保护性的影响则减弱,从减...     

油气井中的湿硫化氢腐蚀与防护

文中介绍了硫化氢在湿环境下，在油气井开发过程中对管柱、套管、采油设备、以及对支持保护管柱的水泥环柱的腐蚀情况，对湿硫化氢腐蚀的机理，影响腐蚀因素，如浓度、pH值和温度、材料成份等，作了一定说明。最后综述了如何在这些方面防护其腐蚀，使损失减小。     

炼厂低温硫化氢的腐蚀试验

低温硫化氢腐蚀在炼油厂普遍存在,比如减压塔顶及其冷凝系统,脱硫系统,污水系统,催化裂化吸收系统等,最典型的是脱硫系统和催化裂化吸收系统。文中针对这两个方面作了有关材料的耐蚀试验,为合理选材提供依据。     

不同H2S分压下N80油管钢的CO2/H2S腐蚀行为

采用高温高压釜试验,辅以失重法计算和扫描电镜分析,对不同H2S分压(O.0015 MPa,0.015 MPa,0.02MPa,0.06 MPa,0.12 MPa)下N80油管钢的CO2/H2S腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明,在试验H2S分压范围内,N80油管钢发生了极严重的CO2/H2S腐蚀;随着Hzs分压的升高,腐蚀速率先增加后降低,且在H2s分压为0.02 MPa时腐蚀速率取得最大值.     

电网铜材在含H_2S大气中的腐蚀研究现状

铜材在H2S环境中引起的腐蚀及其所造成的损失已经受到广泛关注。论述了铜在含H2S大气环境中的腐蚀规律、腐蚀机理和腐蚀行为。分析了影响铜在含H2S大气中腐蚀的环境因素,介绍了大气环境腐蚀性的评估方法及腐蚀产物分析手段,并指出了相关的腐蚀防护措施。     

含H2S环境中马氏体不锈钢的应力腐蚀敏感性

在模拟油田CO2/H2S共存环境中,利用高温高压模拟试验、四点弯曲应力加载方法及扫描电子显微镜分析评价了13Cr不锈钢在模拟油田环境中应力和缝隙协同作用下的应力腐蚀敏感性.结果表明:在CO2和H2 S环境中无应力条件下,13Cr不锈钢均有稳定的阳极钝化区,但环境中出现H2 S后,其自腐蚀电位明显降低,腐蚀速率相对增大,...